By the 1990s, approximately _________percent of law enforcement agencies focused
their efforts toward community policing practices.
a. 20
b. 45
c. 65
d. 80
The legislature, president, or governor has the ability to give an agency the power in the
areas of health, safety, and the environment to implement:
a. statutes.
b. case laws.
c. regulations.
d. precedent.
Sir Walter Crofton added to the concept of parole by adding a ticket-of-leave system.
a. True
b. False
Generally, women’s prisons lack vocational and educational programs, and also:
a. nutritional services.
b. recreational services.
c. medical services.
d. all of these
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Post-custody supervision in the community
b. Without any further correctional supervision
c. Used with indeterminate sentence
d. Furloughs
e. Required release
f. The prisoner promises to abide by certain conditions in exchange for being released
g. Stipulated by parole guidelines based on offenders actions
h. Treat a mental abnormality
i. The government extends the privilege of release
j. Conditional release
Presumptive release date
The leasing of convicts to private entrepreneurs first took hold in the:
a. North.
b. West.
c. South.
d. East.
The last public execution in American took place in Wheeling, West Virginia, on
November 17, 1929.
a. True
b. False
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Interacting with clients to change their behavior
b. Corrections is divided against itself
c. Problem of attraction and motivation
d.Choice between unsatisfactory alternatives
e. Focusing on prisons
f. Looking for patterns and consistencies in study findings
g. Expectations and goals
h.Assigning a group to a valid program and one group to a non-valid program
i.Achieves correctional goals through technology
j.Disproportionately affected minority group members
Techno-corrections
The Military Commissions Act (MCA) eliminated the ability of “unlawful enemy
combatants” to file a writ of:
a. corpus delicti
b. nolle contendere.
c. mens rea.
d. habeas corpus.
Classification may occur at which of the following stages?
a. during transfer to another institution
b. in preparation for release
c. after an inmate encounters problems
d. all of these
____________________ power refers to the ability to obtain compliance by
manipulating symbolic rewards.
a. Normative
b. Remunerative
c. Coercive
d. Subjective
When female inmates are sexually abused, their abuser is generally a corrections
officer.
a. True
b. False
_________________ were abandoned ships that the English converted to hold convicts
during a period of prison crowding between 1776 and 1790.
a. Hulks
b. Galleys
c. Cells
d. Workships
Several forces contribute to the constant change in corrections, predominantly
professional associations and ____________.
a. lobbyists
b. government agencies
c. the general public
d. the media
Community justice and criminal justice as defined refer to the same process.
a. True
b. False
According to the text, corrections can be seen as a series of processes and:
a. agencies.
b. relationships.
c. decisions.
d. partnerships.
Residential programs serve offenders when they are first released from prison.
a. True
b. False
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Objective standard for defense counsel
b. Circumstances that increase seriousness of crime
c. Deserves a punishment equal to the victim’s fate
d. The three-drug protocol is constitutional
e. Developed in the late 1970s
f. Separate hearings for guilt and sentencing
g. Execution of the insane
h. Circumstances that invite mercy
i. Reinstituted death penalty
j.Death penalty unconstitutional
Three-drug protocol
Violent offenders commit the smallest number of crimes.
a. True
b. False
The growth of the penal system tends to be random in nature and scope.
a. True
b. False
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Advocated for separation of sexes while incarcerated
b. Rise of programs in which youngsters could live with their mothers in halfway
houses
c. First female prison warden
d. Required for women to regain custody of children
e. Homosexual marriage and kinship
f. First warden of Elmira Reformatory for young men
g. Challenge for women upon release from prison
h. Account for the great increase of women in prison
i. What most distinguishes incarcerated women from incarcerated men
j. Separate treatment-oriented prisons
Mary B. Harris
A “problem-solving” approach to addressing community issues is considered to be a(n)
____________ strategy.
a. proactive
b. adversarial
c. reactive
d. confrontational
Recent knowledge of the effectiveness of deterrence shows that social science is able to
measure the effects of various punishments.
a. True
b. False
a.Staff has direct contact with offenders
b. Prosecutor makes a deal with defendant to steer clear of incapacitation
c. Protection to the community by incarcerating an offender
d. Supervision under home confinement
e. Holding tanks for up to 48 hours
f. Person who provides bail money for a fee
g. Rehabilitative jail experience
h. Pretrial and probation violators report daily
i. Funded per prisoner per day
j. Feespecified by a judge as a condition for pretrial release
Day reporting center
One of the oldest ideas in prison programming is to teach prisoners a skill that can help
them secure a job upon release.
a. True
b. False
The approved practice for handling revocation of probation:
a. is usually done in the judge’s chamber.
b. proceeds in three stages.
c. is to take the offender directly to jail.
d. has been found unconstitutional.
Convict labor for profit became an essential part of the Pennsylvania penitentiary
system throughout the early 1800s.
a. True
b. False
Research shows that the death penalty is more likely to be imposed when:
a. the offender is white.
b. the offender is African American.
c. the victim is white.
d. the victim is African American.
In England by the year 1200, a system of wergild, or payment of money as
compensation, had developed as a way for the king to collect additional resources from
the citizens.
a. True
b. False
The response to crime was viewed as essentially a private affair prior to the
__________century.
a. 13th
b. 17th
c. 16th
d. 19th
Parole is also known as:
a. conditional release.
b. punitive chance.
c. reentry.
d. final punishment
Based on your having read the chapter, what is your overall opinion regarding the
effectiveness of probation? Where do you see the practice of probation ten years from
nowespecially its frequency of usage? Based on your response, is this a positive or a
negative? Be sure to clearly explain your answer.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Martin and Yablonsky describe a(n) ___________ offender as one who made a mistake
and paid a debt to society for that mistake.
_________personnelare directly concerned with furthering the institution’s goals.
The ________ Amendment focuses on the protection of privacy within the scope of
search and seizure.
______________ refers to an official action by the executive branch of the state or
federal government formally excusing an offense and absolving the offender of the
consequences of the crime.
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Compliance by threat
b. Compliance for material resources
c. Compliance through manipulation of symbolic rewards
d. Supervisor can oversee limited subordinates effectively
e. Subordinate reports to only one superior
f. Toleration of some actions of inmates to operate the prison
g. Behavior violation of department policy
h. Prison disorder results from weak management
i. Support line personnel
j. In direct contact with the client
Inmate balance theory
A__________ is a situation that forces one to choose between two unsatisfactory
alternatives.
Discuss the concept of social control and how it has affected the correctional system as
a whole.
Answer:Answers will vary.
A(n)__________ is now a standard in the PSI, where an interview is conducted by the
probation officer with the victim of the crime.
_________is assumed to be a biological concept that divides humankind into categories
related to skin color and other physical features.
An inmate’s eligibility for release to community supervision depends on requirements
set by ___________ and the sentence imposed by the court.
The term _____________________ refers to an inmate who cannot adapt to prison
society due to mental illness, physical weakness, or emotional instability.
Define civil disability. List and explain at least three civil disabilities convicts face upon
release. How does each of these disabilities influence the possible success of a released
prisoner? Which do you think is the most difficult to overcome and why? In your
opinion, if an offender has paid their debt, should they not be made whole again as a
citizen with all of their rights restored? Be sure to fully defend your stance.
Answer:will vary.
A(n)_________ is considered a transfer to adult court.
Detaining the accused in jail to protect the community from possible future crimes by
the accused pending trial is known as _________.
When American penologists met in Cincinnati in 1870, they affirmed a mission of
______________ that become a model of corrections around the world.
Correctional leaders, the authors assert, should articulate their__________ and establish
a clearer policy to guide its implementation.
With the dawn of the Juvenile Court period the new juvenile court took the role
of_________ .