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It would be safe to say that significant numbers of correctional clients have a history of
heavy drinking.
a. True
b. False
Recent research has indicated that rehabilitation can work if___________________
are/is focused upon.
a. criminogenic needs
b. drug abuse
c. motivation of the offender
d. all of these
Well-governed prisons are impossible due to the nature of the clientele.
a. True
b. False
Real money is prohibited in prison.
a. True
b. False
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Advocated for separation of sexes while incarcerated
b. Rise of programs in which youngsters could live with their mothers in halfway
houses
c. First female prison warden
d. Required for women to regain custody of children
e. Homosexual marriage and kinship
f. First warden of Elmira Reformatory for young men
g. Challenge for women upon release from prison
h. Account for the great increase of women in prison
i. What most distinguishes incarcerated women from incarcerated men
j. Separate treatment-oriented prisons
Financially poor
In the________ , there is a parole board, an independent decision-making authority, that
is organizationally close enough to the correctional department to be sensitive to
institutional and correctional needs.
a. multifunctional model
b. autonomous model
c. consolidated model
d. independent model
In 2009, how many juvenile offenders were referred to juvenile court?
a. 500,000
b. 1.5 million
c. 300,000
d. more than 2 million
Proponents who say that nothing should be done about prison overcrowding subscribe
to which strategy?
a. prison population reduction strategy
b. null strategy
c. construction strategy
d. just desserts strategy
During the colonial period most Americans lived under laws and practices transferred
from ___________ and adapted to local conditions.
a. Italy
b. England
c. Germany
d. France
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. When an ex-offender's poor decision making makes adjustment problems worse
b. Handle problems with recently released offenders
c. Legal barrier to reentry
d. A small group living facility for offenders
e. The removal of a conviction
f. Violating conditions of parole
g. Act of clemency
h. Criterion for deciding whether evidence is strong enough to uphold an arrest
i.Originated in Wisconsin in 1913
j.Regulate non-criminal behavior
Civil disability
Most parole failures occur:
a. long after release.
b. soon after release.
c. after one year.
d. before release.
While traditional justice focuses on processing cases, community justice:
a. is based in a state or local jurisdiction.
b. focuses on solving crime problems.
c. seeks to punish offenders.
d. does none of the above.
A ______________ system refers to a labor system in which a prison bought machinery
and raw material with which inmates manufactured a salable product.
a. state-use
b. piece price
c. public account
d. public works and ways
Approximately__________ of all people under correctional supervision are living in the
community on probation or parole.
a. one-fifth
b. one-half
c. one-third
d. two-thirds
One in seven jails in the United States currently operates under a court order, typically
related to overcrowding.
a. True
b. False
Individual states do not have their own constitutions.
a. True
b. False
Since 1994, the juvenile crime rate has:
a. risen.
b. decreased.
c. exploded.
d. remained static.
Most Western democracies impose the death penalty.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following pressures are not experienced by the local jail?
a. The direction of the jail is influenced by local law enforcement officials.
b. Local politics, in particular party patronage, influences the operation of the jail.
c. Local offender assistance programs are usually operated by community self-help
volunteers.
d. All of these are experienced by local jails.
__ refers to a condition that establishes a sum of money that must be paid by the
offender either to the victim or to a public fund for victims of crime.
a. Service
b. Remunerative
c. Restitution
d. Recompense
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Prison newcomer
b. Cigarettes
c. Values and norms of the prison social system
d. Goods and services not allowed by prison authorities
e. Where prisoners may purchase certain items
f. Method of learning the prison subculture
g. Construct a life within the prison with little connection to society
h. Take advantage of prison programs
i. Main source of inmate violence
j. semiautonomous institutions
Contraband
Most of the correctional sentences carried out in the U.S. happen at the state and local
level.
a. True
b. False
The most powerful new studies of correctional rehabilitation programs try to express
their effectiveness in which of the following ways?
a. to the warden
b. in cost-benefit ratios
c. in the most positive way
d. in a way that will increase funding
Prisoners have always had constitutional rights.
a. True
b. False
Many, if not most, defendants housed in jails are:
a. indigent.
b. middle-class.
c. elderly.
d. female.
Like inmates in correctional facilities, convicted offenders in the community also have
rights.
a. True
b. False
Which president signed the Fair Sentencing Act eliminating the mandatory minimum
sentence for simple possession of crack and powder cocaine?
a. President Obama
b. President Bush
c. President Reagan
d. President Clinton
The warden is the key figure in the correctional equation, the one on whom the whole
system depends.
a. True
b. False
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Individuals are asked to report on their own criminal behavior
b. Inequality of treatment
c. A difference explained by legitimate factors
d. Complex concept with changing definitions
e. Cultural characteristics
f. White fear of blacks will be greatest in areas where the proportion of blacks
approaches that of whites
g. Punished 100 times more severely than powdered
h.ommitted a crime in their lifetime
Race
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Failure to abide by rules and conditions of probation
b. Fines, community service, restitution
c. Reporting to the probation office a change of address
d. Establishes goals for supervision and evaluates
e. Constraints to deal with a significant problem/need
f. The first to provide bail for defendants
g. Formal obligation to perform an act within the community
h. Judge can suspend a sentence for good behavior
i. Method for increasing the effectiveness of correctional treatment
j. Approach crime from a problem-solving perspective
Community justice
At present, the focus of corrections has shifted to:
a. crime control.
b. rehabilitation.
c. treatment.
d. restitution.
During the early 1960s, the U.S. Supreme Court decided to require state governments to
most of the rights listed in the Bill of Rights:
a. respect.
b. reject.
c. regulate.
d. reconstruct.
A major difference between male and female prison subcultures is _____________
_______________.
The broad discretionary ________ of the parole officer is disappearing.
A public official who investigates complaints against government officials and
recommends corrective measures is a(n)________ .
The parade of new programs shifts the emphasis from to__________ .
Identify the two reasons why the prison population is aging. What consequences does
this have for corrections? What distinct advantages and challenges does the elderly
inmate present? Should we continue to incarcerate people past a certain age? Why or
why not?
Answer:Answers will vary.
One of the most widespread new intermediate sanctions for juvenile offenders is the
_____________.
A convicted offender who is imprisoned for a fixed period of time has been given a
__________ sentence.
The term __________________ offender describes a person whose behavior may be
traced to a diminished or otherwise abnormal capacity to think or reason.
Parole is the conditional release of an offender from incarceration but not from the
____________________.
Compare and contrast the juvenile and adult correctional process. Be sure to highlight
and address philosophical, procedural, and programmatic similarities and differences.
Do you agree that there ought to be two distinct systems? Explain your position.
Answer:will vary.
The biggest demographic predictor of attitudes toward capital punishment is
___________.
The design of a structure should serve the structure's________.
The case of_________ examined whether or not the death penalty was administered in
a cruel and unusual manner.
__________ regulate parolee conduct that is not criminal but is thought to be linked to
the possibility of future criminality.
A prison store for inmates to purchase goods is known as a _________.
Interest in___________________ waned when the philosophy of corrections swung
toward crime control.
