The case of_________ showed that a three-drug lethal injection protocol violates the
“cruel and unusual punishment” clause.
a. Gideon v. Wainwright
b. Gagnon v. Scarpelli
c. Gregg v. Georgia
d. Baze v. Rees
No one can dispute the_________ impact of the prison system’s growth on young men
of color.
a. underwhelming
b. insignificant
c. disparate
d. equitable
Both adult felons and misdemeanants can be released on parole.
a. True
b. False
_____________ refers to a legal process that results in the removal of a conviction from
official records.
a. Pardon
b. Dismissal
c. Expungement
d. Rejoinder
In the famous United States v. Booker decision, the Supreme Court found that
sentencing guidelines were:
a. mandatory.
b. discretionary.
c. necessary.
d. binding.
Self-report studies show that _________have committed a crime.
a. very few people
b. most people
c. more white people
d. fewer people of color
All states, except for Alaska and Hawaii, have some form of prison program designed
to prepare the offenders for release to community supervision.
a. True
b. False
Parole boards always welcome public criticism.
a. True
b. False
The largest percentage of state-level confinement facilities are located in the Northeast
region of the United States.
a. True
b. False
Although the increase in prison population receives the most publicity, a great portion
of correctional growth has occurred in:
a. probation and parole.
b. community corrections.
c. treatment programs.
d. fines and restitution .
Thirteen percent of cannot vote due to their prior felony convictions:
a. white men
b. black men
c. adult males
d. Latino males
A parolee may be required to:
a. abstain from alcohol.
b. keep away from certain people.
c. maintain good work habits.
d. all of these.
When compared to their male offenders, female prisoners typically have ___________
prior convictions before their current sentence.
a. more
b. equal amount of
c. fewer
d. no
In the 1800s jails began to change in response to:
a. the penitentiary movement.
b. the king’s wishes.
c. capitalism.
d. overcrowding.
Sentencing for drug crimes contributes to the high incarceration rate of African
Americans.
a. True
b. False
As long as some groups in the United States are unfairly excluded from society’s
opportunities, they will have less motivation to obey its laws.
a. True
b. False
Citizen advisory boards help identify and prioritize local crime problems.
a. True
b. False
Corrections has one clear primary goal: rehabilitation.
a. True
b. False
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Punishment to a body inflicting pain
b. Law of civil society
c. Forced rowing
d. Detention facility
e. Pleasure over pain
f. The right to be tried in ecclesiastical court
g. Retaliation
h. Age of Reason
i. A form of banishment
j. Free will and severe punishment
Secular law
To “do something” about crime, government leaders have enacted:
a. tough sentencing policies.
b. increased law enforcement spending.
c. tough parole policies.
d. all of these.
With reference to time, rehabilitation is:
a. future-oriented.
b. present-oriented.
c. past-oriented.
d. both future- and past-oriented.
Elizabeth Farnham, head matron of the women’s wing at Sing Sing from 1844 to 1848,
tried to implement reform ideas for female prisoners and:
a. was able to achieve limited success.
b. was met with resistance from the community.
c. was largely ignored by the community.
d. was thwarted by male overseers and legislators.
The first juvenile court was established in:
a. Omaha.
b. New York.
c. Los Angeles.
d. Chicago.
When a neighborhood is plagued by arrests, incarceration, joblessness, crime, and
poverty, it is an example of a phenomenon known as:
a. concentrated space.
b. determined space.
c. spatial concentration.
d. spatial application.
The most stringent correctional methods are__________applied in practice.
a. fairly
b. disproportionately
c. sparingly
d. liberally
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. When an ex-offender’s poor decision making makes adjustment problems worse
b. Handle problems with recently released offenders
c. Legal barrier to reentry
d. A small group living facility for offenders
e. The removal of a conviction
f. Violating conditions of parole
g. Act of clemency
h. Criterion for deciding whether evidence is strong enough to uphold an arrest
i.Originated in Wisconsin in 1913
j.Regulate non-criminal behavior
Work release center
Many newer correctional facilities, especially maximum security facilities have been
built in the _________ style.
a. radial
b. campus
c. military
d. courtyard
According to the authors, which of the following is NOT one of the major sentencing
structures currently used in the United States?
a. indeterminate
b. intermediate
c. determinate
d. mandatory
A correctional officer’s ability to do their job is impacted by prison overcrowding in
what ways?
a. increased potential for violence
b. strain on staff morale
c. limited ability to run programs
d. all of these
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Advocated for separation of sexes while incarcerated
b. Rise of programs in which youngsters could live with their mothers in halfway
houses
c. First female prison warden
d. Required for women to regain custody of children
e. Homosexual marriage and kinship
f. First warden of Elmira Reformatory for young men
g. Challenge for women upon release from prison
h. Account for the great increase of women in prison
i. What most distinguishes incarcerated women from incarcerated men
j. Separate treatment-oriented prisons
Pseudofamilies
Probation may be revoked if the probationer fails to attend a therapy program.
a. True
b. False
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Noninterference policy
b. Rules created by judges
c. Legal rules regarding agency policies
d. Rules other judges follow with similar cases
e. Laws created by legislatures
f. Lists individual rights
g. Intervention towards an agreed resolution
h. Responsible for compensation of a plaintiff
i. Judicial order
j.Investigates public officials
Ombudsman
The period known as the Enlightenment had what effect(s) on society?
a. It brought a reaction against feudal society and the monopoly of religion.
b. It stressed the notion of equality for all citizens.
c. It was largely influenced by the growth of scientific thinking.
d. all of the above
Match each item to the phrase or sentence below.
a. Designed for young offenders
b. Earned through behavior, education, and labor
c. Treatment is required for offenders
d. Done by inmate labor
e. Contractors exchange food and clothing for convict labor
f. Reintegration is the goal
g. Developed in Auburn, NY
h. Incarceration and supervision control behavior
i. Isolates prisoners from society
j.Sociological, biological, and psychological causes of crime
Reformatory
The belief that a punishment inflicted on an offender must achieve enough good to
outweigh the pain inflicted is called:
a. utilitarianism.
b. positivism.
c. the Enlightenment.
d. wergild.
An executive act of clemency that effectively excuses the offender from suffering the
consequences of conviction is known as a__________ .
______________________was the first to implement the classification system at
Elmira Reformatory in the 1800s.
Determine in accordance with the authors what “good leadership” means in terms of the
current corrections system. Determine what it will take for leaders to more widely
implement “what works” in corrections. What changes will need to be made for the
future of corrections?
Answer:will vary.
Most gangs are not ___________, and many gang members may actually engage in
positive social behaviors.
Long-term inmates face three major issues while they are incarcerated. List and explain
all three issues and how inmates are affected by them.
Answer:Answers will vary.
The constitutional guarantee that no agent or instrumentality of government will use
anything to arrest, prosecute, try, or punish any person other than that prescribed by law
is procedural________ .
To begin the “war on drugs,” Congress in 1987 imposed stiff ________________
sentences for federal drug violations, laws that many states copied.
What does it mean when we say the courts had a hands-off policy prior to 1960? When
did this judicial policy end and why? What followed as this policy came to an end? Do
you think the courts should have a role in determining and monitoring correctional
policy and practice? Discuss your reasoning.
Answer:Answers will vary.
In 1970, the U.S. Supreme Court granted inmates certain limited______ rights.
Having a father go to prison contributes to a range of developmental problems,
emotional problems, and __________in children.
The_________ is the belief that white fear of African Americans is least when whites
are the majority.
A key figure in developing parole in the 1800s was _________________________.
The states with the highest incarceration rates tend to be located in the ____________
region of the U.S.
The strategy of the _____________ approach combines three contemporary justice
innovations: community policing, environmental crime, and restorative justice.
List and explain three unintended consequences of our ever-increasing prison
population. Discuss the political and social effects of these consequences. Are they
acceptable? What would you suggest to lawmakers in regard to decreasing the overall
prison population? Explain your reasoning.
Answer:will vary.
Describe the ways that security acts as a constraint on correctional programs offered in
institutional settings. In your description, be sure to supply specific examples. In your
opinion, is security too constrictive for inmates who truly seek to better themselves? Be
sure to fully explain your answer.
Answer:Answers will vary.
When the subject of criminal sanction arises, the general public usually thinks first
of________.
Given that the death penalty has been abolished in other Western democracies, why do a
majority of people in the United States still favor its use? Be sure to fully explain your
answer.
Answer:will vary.
Treatment success depends on the relationship between the _________and the client.
Prison administrators use institutional programs to help manage inmates’
_____________.