Line personnel are not concerned with furthering the institutional goals of a prison.
a. True
b. False
The founder of the Classical School of Criminology was:
a. Cesare Beccaria.
b. John Howard.
c. Cesare Lombroso.
d. Jeremy Bentham.
Jeremy Bentham was the one-time high sheriff of Bedfordshire, England, who helped
spur changes that resulted in the development of the penitentiary during the late 1700s.
a. True
b. False
Of the five types of prison-based programs, the authors recognize that rehabilitation is
the most controversial.
a. True
b. False
According to your authors, which of the following does NOT describe local jail officers
and staff employed in the United States today?
a. worst paid
b. poorly trained
c. prior criminal history
d. least educated
Money or other compensation is awarded to a plaintiff in a civil action when the person
sued has:
a. ministerial liability.
b. personal liability.
c. civil liability.
d. strict liability.
Analysts argue that public opinion for the death penalty is:
a. impossible to gauge.
b. strongly in favor.
c. strongly opposed.
d. somewhat confusing.
Levels of gang activity_________ through the 1990s.
a. declined
b. increased
c. remained stable
d. intensified
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Post-custody supervision in the community
b. Without any further correctional supervision
c. Used with indeterminate sentence
d. Furloughs
e. Required release
f. The prisoner promises to abide by certain conditions in exchange for being released
g. Stipulated by parole guidelines based on offenders actions
h. Treat a mental abnormality
i. The government extends the privilege of release
j. Conditional release
Discretionary release
A convicted sex offender would commonly fall under which of the following
subclasses?
a. a rapist
b. a prostitute
c. a child molester
d. any of the these
Insanity is a recognized defense for commission of a crime because mens rea is not
present.
a. True
b. False
Deinstitutionalization allows offenders the ability to also use affect treatment strategies
in the community.
a. True
b. False
When people fail on parole, their parole is revoked and they return to prison to continue
serving their sentence.
a. True
b. False
The Fourteenth Amendment was ratified in:
a. 1960.
b. 1868.
c. 1789.
d. 1810.
Public opinion about punishment has remained static over the last 200 years.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following offender types were not considered to comprise a large portion
of those who were sentenced to early English Bridewell houses?
a. orphans
b. the poor
c. prostitutes
d. violent repeat offenders
As systems grow and mature, they become more:
a. familiar.
b. complex.
c. unusual.
d. simplistic.
A parole board organized inside a department of corrections is an example of a/an
__________parole board.
a. autonomous
b. independent
c. consolidated
d. none of these
The relationship between prison crowding and violence is:
a. obvious.
b. strongly correlated .
c. unclear.
d. nonexistent.
People’s problems decline when they behave more responsibly. This is a core tenet of:
a. group therapy.
b. brief therapy.
c. transactional therapy.
d. reality therapy.
The law enforcer role of probation focuses on surveillance and control of the offender.
a. True
b. False
a. A range of correctional management strategies
b. Incarceration followed by sentence reduction
c. Sanctions can be calibrated and made equivalent
d. Designed for young offenders
e. Compensation for loss
f. Penalty based on an offender’s income
g. Free labor as compensation
h. Government seizes assets used in criminal activity
i. Potential loss to victim/system
j. Targets offenders subject to incarceration
Shock Incarceration
Although the mere act of ______________ is not considered a serious offense, the
collateral acts of predatory crime and violence are considered quite serious.
a. stealing
b. consensual sex with a minor
c. vandalism
d. drug abuse
Programs that deal with mentally handicapped offenders have recently focused on:
a. incapacitation.
b. rehabilitation.
c. deinstitutionalization.
d. drug therapy.
The penitentiary was to be a place where:
a. offenders were isolated from bad influences in society.
b. offenders were isolated from one another.
c. offenders could reflect on their misdeeds.
d. all of these
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Individuals are asked to report on their own criminal behavior
b. Inequality of treatment
c. A difference explained by legitimate factors
d. Complex concept with changing definitions
e. Cultural characteristics
f. White fear of blacks will be greatest in areas where the proportion of blacks
approaches that of whites
g. Punished 100 times more severely than powdered
h.ommitted a crime in their lifetime
Racial threat hypothesis
The community justice ideal is to ultimately improve the quality of community life.
a. True
b. False
The Federal Bureau of Prisons was created within:
a. the Department of the Interior.
b. the Department of Justice.
c. the National Institute of Justice.
d. the Department of Homeland Security.
Ethnicity relates to a person’s language, religion, and group traditions.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is a release criterion used by the parole board?
a. prior criminal record
b. attitudes toward victims
c. history of community adjustment
d. all of these
Three forces influence the newly released offender’s adjustment to society: the parole
bureaucracy, the offender’s experience, and the _____________.
The phrase ______________ refers to the type of life communities need to reduce
crime.
Four factors have influenced the growth of the penal system including age,
race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and__________ .
Describe the significance of race and punishment. What steps can be made to reduce the
racial differences in punishments? In your opinion, will this significant problem ever be
fully addressed? Be sure to explain your answer.
Answer:will vary.
_________states and the federal government currently authorize capital punishment.
The use of __________sentences was greatly expanded in the 1980s as a primary
weapon in the War on Drugs.
______________________-based programs usually have three objectives: keep truants
in school, reduce school violence, and improve academic performance of at-risk youth.
Define what is meant by the term “exchange.” Present some examples of “exchanges”
in your daily life. Why is “exchange” an important concern for correctional officers and
inmates?
Answer:Answers will vary.
The population incarcerated in American prisons and jailsmakes up_________ of
people under correctional supervision.
The states of__________ and__________ have the largest prison populations in the
United States.
When Americans are asked to identify the serious problems facing children, they cite
_________ and crime.
To prepare officers for prison work, most states require cadets to complete a
_____________ training program.
Three factors influence the offender’s adjustment into society, including the parole
officer, the parole bureaucracy, and the experiences of the__________ .
The PSI plays its most important role for the judge in the _______________ process.
One of the initial recruiting problems for those working within corrections is the low
starting__________ .
______________ refers to a philosophy of reorienting the jail experience from being
mostly punitive to being mostly rehabilitative.
The sentencing for _____________ crimes, starting in the 1980s, has led to a rapid
increase in incarceration rates of African Americans.