Archives: Solution Manual

Production Function Cobb-Douglas Production Function Supply of Capital and Labor Factor Market Equilibrium The chapter starts by discussing the fundamental factors of production and develops the Cobb-Douglas production function. It then develops key concepts like the marginal product of capital […]

Final Goods and Services Newly Produced Goods and Services Fixed Period of Time Investment Government Purchases Net Exports Changes in the Spending Components of GDP over Time Real Variables Chain-Weighted Measures of Real GDP PCE Deflator Consumer Price Index Macroeconomics […]

Do Government Budget Deficits Matter? How Costly Is It to Reduce Inflation? How Can We Make Financial Crises Less Likely? How Active Should Stabilization Policy Be? Should Macroeconomic Policy Follow Rules? Are Global Trade Imbalances a Danger? addressed in the […]

The Benefits of Price Stability No Long-Run Tradeoff Between Unemployment and Inflation The Crucial Role of Expectations The Taylor Principle The Time-Inconsistency Problem Central Bank Independence Commitment to a Nominal Anchor Credibility Institutions Rule Sources of Business Cycle Fluctuations Effectiveness […]

Problem 12.60 Draft tubes as shown in the figure below are often installed at the exit of Kaplan and Francis turbines. Explain why such draft tubes are advantageous. Solution 12.60 Draft tube Without the draft tube, there would be a […]

where ρ ⋅ ⋅ == =    3 3 slugs ft slugs 1.94 0.0109 0.0211 ss ft mQ Thus, and () ⋅ ⋅  =−=      ⋅ = max 222 shaft 3 slugs ft […]

Problem 12.40 A lossless motor drives the fan shown in the figure below at 40 Hz. The power input to the motor is 40 A at 440 V. For the geometry shown, what is the discharge flowrate of air through […]

Now atm p pp 12 == and ≈ 10V. This gives (for α = 21.0) For screwed connections, ent K 1.0=, check K 2.0=, elb K 0.6 4 =, tee K 0.90=, gate K 0.11=, globe K 5.7= These numerical […]

Problem 12.13 The performance characteristics of a certain centrifugal pump having a 9-in.-diameter impeller and operating at 1 750 rpm are determined using an experimental setup similar to that as shown in the figure below. The following data were obtained […]

Problem 12.1 The rotor shown in the figure below rotates clockwise. Assume that the fluid enters in the radial direction and the relative velocity is tangent to the blades and remains constant across the entire rotor. Is the device a […]

and   =     * 2 21 *1 VV VV V V (6) We use Eq. (2) to get    ==  ⋅  ⋅ ⋅    ⋅  1 2 m […]

Problem 11.59 Supersonic airflow enters an adiabatic, constant area pipe (inside diameter 0.1 m = ) with 1 M a2.0=. The pipe friction factor is 0.02. If a standing normal shock is located right at the pipe exit, and the […]

Problem 11.50 Air flows in the channel as shown in the figure below. Determine the Mach number, static pressure, and stagnation pressures at station 3. Assume isentropic flow except for the normal shock wave. Solution 11.50 Let the subscript “a” […]

Problem 11.42 The static pressure to stagnation pressure ratio at a point in a gas flow field is measured with a Pitot-static probe as being equal to 0.6. The stagnation temperature of the gas is 20 °C. Determine the flow […]

Problem 11.30 The Pitot tube on a supersonic aircraft cruising at an altitude of 30,000 ft senses a stagnation pressure of 12 psia . If the atmosphere is considered standard, determine the airspeed and Mach number of the aircraft. A […]

Problem 11.14 Steam ( 2 HO vapor) flows in a pipeline in a power station. The steam pressure is 150 psia, its temperature is 500 °F, and it flows with velocity 750ft/s. Calculate the stagnation pressure and stagnation temperature. If […]

Chapter 11 Compressible Flow Note: Solutions presented here may refer to Isentropic Flow Tables or Charts, Shock Tables or Charts, Fanno Flow Tables or Charts, and/or Rayleigh Flow Tables or Charts. It should be understood that Tables, Charts, Mathematical Functions, […]

and () == =    1 1 1 2 ft 21.6 s1.29 ft 32.2 8.7 ft s n V Fgy This root does not satisfy our problem statement since the flow upstream of the sluice gate is given […]

Problem 10.67 The symmetrical channel shown in the figure below is dug in sandy loam soil with =0.020 n . For such surface material, it is recommended that to prevent scouring of the surface, the average velocity be no more […]

Problem 10.50 Done without GPS or lasers Two thousand years before, the invention of such tools as the Global Positioning System (GPS) or laser surveying equipment, Roman engineers were able to design and construct structures that made a lasting contribution […]

Problem 10.31 The following data are taken from measurements on Indian Fork Creek: =2 26 mA, =16 mP, and = 0 0.02 m 62 m S. Determine the average shear stress on the wetted perimeter of this channel. Solution 10.31 […]

Problem 10.19 Water in a rectangular channel flows into a gradual contraction section as is indicated in the figure below. If the flowrate is =3 25ft / sQ and the upstream depth is = 10.5fty, determine the downstream depth, 2 […]

Problem 10.1 On a distant planet small-amplitude waves travel across a 1-m– deep pond with a speed of 5 m/s. Determine the acceleration of gravity on the surface of that planet. Solution 10.1 =cgy , where =m 5 s c […]

Thus, since Using a standard numerical integration routine with the data given, we obtain =0.327 L C ′x       2 1 u U− 0.000 −1.00 0.025 −0.0572 0.050 0.518 0.075 0.621 0.100 0.615 0.200 0.628 […]

Problem 9.96 By appropriate streamlining, the drag coefficient for an airplane is reduced by 12 % while the frontal area remains the same. For the same power output, by what percentage is the flight speed increased? Solution 9.96 2 1 […]

Problem 9.83 A shortwave radio antenna is constructed from circular tubing, as illustrated in the figure below. Estimate the wind force on the antenna in a 100- km hr wind. Solution 9.83 12 3 4 =++ DD D D Obtain […]

Problem 9.73 Phil’s Pizza Parlor decides to place a thin, rectangular, plastic sign on top of its delivery van as shown in the figure below. The sign measures 2 ft by5 ft . (a) Estimate the extra power required to […]

Problem 9.61 Estimate the velocity with which you would contact the ground if you jumped from an airplane at an altitude of 5000 ft and (a) air resistance is negligible, (b) air resistance is important, but you forgot your parachute, […]

Problem 9.48 Determine the drag on a small circular disk of 0.01-ft diameter moving 0.01ft s through oil with a specific gravity of 0.87 and a viscosity 10,000 times that of water. The disk is oriented normal to the upstream […]

Hence, () ν ν δ == 22 5.83 0.1175 xx UU For the exact Blasius Solution, ν δ =5.0 x U, so the given profile estimates approximately 14% higher boundary layer thickness. Problem 9.32 Consider 2 0C° water flowing over […]

Hence, for any x-location = A QQ or () δ =− * A Uy U y or where m x∼ 0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 01234 y (m) x (m) 0.03 0.035 0.04 * 1 22 5 3 1.721 […]

Problem 9.1 Assume that water flowing past the equilateral triangular bar shown in the figure below produces the pressure distributions indicated. Determine the lift and drag on the bar and the corresponding lift and drag coefficients (based on frontal area). […]

Problem 8.127 Air at 200 °F and 60 psia flows in a 4-in.-diameter pipe at a rate of lb 0.52 s. Determine the pressure at the 2-in.-diameter throat of a Venturi meter placed in the pipe. Solution 8.127 βγ ρβ […]

or 1 2   Also, from Eq. (1), 312 V VV=− (11) Solution method: (a) Guess values of f1, f2, and f3 (A good starting value is the large Re value for 4 4.5 10 D ε − =× […]

Problem 8.109 It is necessary to deliver 270 ft3/min of water from reservoir A to reservoir B, as shown in the figure below. The connecting piping consists of four fully open gate valves, 12 regular 90° elbows, one swing check […]

Problem 8.101 A certain process requires 2.3 cfs of water to be delivered at a pressure of 30 psi. This water comes from a large-diameter supply main in which the pressure remains at 60 psi. If the galvanized iron pipe […]

Thus, by combining Eqs. (3), (4), and (5), we obtain the following equation for V:   11 22 33 0.01 2.51 13.7 2.0 log 13.13 13.13 0.01365 (8290 ) 0.01365V VV   +     =− […]

Problem 8.92 Calculate the water flowrate in the system shown in the figure below. The piping system includes four gate valves, two half-open globe valves, fourteen 90° regular elbows, and 250 ft of 2-in. schedule 40 commercial steel pipe (with […]

Problem 8.80 Water is pumped through a 6 0-m-long, 0.3-m-diameter pipe from a lower reservoir to a higher reservoir whose surface is 1 0 m above the lower one. The sum of the minor loss coefficients for the system is […]

Problem 8.71 As shown in the figure below, water “bubbles up” 3 in. Above the exit of the vertical pipe attached to three horizontal pipe segments. The total length of the 0.75-in.-diameter galvanized iron pipe between point (1) and the […]

or 2 2 ft 55.6 500 ft s (0.022) 440 ft ft 1.2 ft 232.2 s L h     ==      For this horizontal pipe, γγ ++=+ ++ 22 11 2 2 12 […]

Problem 8.57 Air flows though the mitered bend shown in the figure below at a rate of 5 cfs . To help straighten, the flow after the bend, a set of 0.25-in.- diameter drinking straws is placed in the pipe […]

Problem 8.45 H. Blasius correlated data on turbulent friction factor in smooth pipes. His equation 14 0.3164 Re− ≈ smooth f is reasonably accurate for Reynolds numbers between 4000 and 5 1 0. Use this information for the following scenario. […]

Problem 8.32 Water is pumped between two tanks as shown in the figure below. The energy line is as indicated. Is the fluid being pumped from A to B or B to A? Explain. Which pipe has the larger diameter: […]

Problem 8.20 Asphalt at 1 20 F, considered to be a Newtonian fluid with a viscosity 8 0000 times that of water and a specific gravity of 1.09 , flows through a pipe of diameter 2.0 in. If the pressure […]

Problem 8.2 Rainwater runoff from a parking lot flows through a 3-ft- diameter pipe, completely filling it. Whether flow in a pipe is laminar or turbulent depends on the value of the Reynolds number. Would you expect the flow to […]

Problem 7.76 Models are commonly used to study the dispersion of a gaseous pollutant from an exhaust stack located near a building complex. Similarity requirements for the pollutant source involve the following independent variables: the stack gas speed, V; the […]

Problem 7.65 The drag characteristics of an airplane are to be determined by model tests in a wind tunnel operated at an absolute pressure of 1300 kPa. If the prototype is to cruise in standard air at 385 km/hr, and […]

Problem 7.46 Air at 8 0°F is to flow through a 2 -ft pipe at an average velocity of 6 ft/s. What size pipe should be used to move water at °60 F and average velocity of 3 ft/s if […]

Problem 7.34 Develop the Weber number by starting with estimates for the inertia and surface tension forces. Solution 7.34 Inertia force ρ 22 V and Surface tension force σ  then ρρ σσ = 22 2 Inertia force Surface tension […]