Criminal Justice in Action: The Core 8th Edition

Because of federal inaction, it has been left to the individual states to pass stricter gun control measures, if their elected officials choose to do so. a.True b.False Answer: True Answer: True Answer: True Case 8-2 Ruth was arrested for burglary. If Ruth is found guilty, she can be sentenced to 5 years in a state prison.

A juvenile's first contact with the juvenile justice system usually comes through a: a. juvenile court judge. b. juvenile probation officer. c. juvenile residential specialist. d. police officer. Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d Discuss the situations in which the Miranda warning is unnecessary. Answer: A Miranda warning is not necessary in a number of situations, including the following:a)

A proposition that can be tested by researchers to determine if it is valid is a: a. hypothesis. b. scientific method. c. theory. d. correlation. Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a Discuss the difference between juvenile delinquents and status offenders. a)Juvenile delinquency is behavior that is illegal under federal or state law that has Answer: been committed by a

Anger-control therapy is an example of a punitive condition of probation. a. True b. False Answer: False Answer: False Answer: False Mr. Johnson was hired by the head of the department of corrections to run the new prison that was being constructed. It is designed to hold up to 3000 inmates. Mr. Johnson was given the

Identity theft existed prior to the Internet. c. True d. False Answer: True Answer: True Answer: True The majority of a patrol officer's time is spent on: a. preventive patrol. b. calls for service. c. administrative duties. d. officer-initiated activities. Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a The main duties of the include providing security at federal courts, controlling property seized by federal courts, protecting

A defense for criminal liability in which the defendant claims that the taking of intoxicants rendered him or her unable to form the requisite intent to commit a criminal act is: a. never accepted in court. b. a good defense if the intoxication was voluntary. c. a good defense if the intoxication was

Case 8-1 Andrew was arrested and charged with second degree murder. His family was able to gather enough money to retain a well-respected criminal defense attorney. His attorney believes that it is very important to get Andrew out of jail on bail so he can assist him with his defense. The

Osama bin Laden's al Qaeda group has its origins in: a. Iraq. b. Saudi Arabia. c. Afghanistan. d. Pakistan. Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c A(n) witness is one who can truthfully and accurately testify on a fact in question without having specialized training or knowledge. a. expert b. lay c. specialized d. technical Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b The is the supreme law of

The quality of American police service in the nineteenth century was bad. a. True b. False Answer: True Answer: True Answer: True Case 3-1 Johnny and Martin are in a bar drinking beer and talking. Sharon walks in and starts talking to Johnny. Martin gets jealous because he was engaged to be married to Sharon and they

Which agency operates throughout the United States? a. DEA b. FBI c. ATF d. all of the these Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d When police officers "handle the situation" they are performing which responsibility of policing? a. enforcing laws b. providing services c. preventing crime d. preserving the peace Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d Mitigating circumstances may include: a. a prior record. b. a passive

Supreme Court Justices may write concurring opinions, outlining the reason why they feel the majority's decision erred. a. True b. False Answer: False Answer: False Answer: False Robbery is considered a violent crime. a. True b. False Answer: True Answer: True Answer: True The unwritten judicial policy that favors noninterference by the courts in the administration of prisons and jails is the: a. hands-off

Which pattern of inmate behavior includes following rules and generally doing whatever is necessary to speed up their release so they can continue their chosen careers? a. disorganized criminal b. doing time c. gleaning d. jailing Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b Case 13-1 Donovan is 16 years old. He has been getting into trouble at school and not

A dual court system means that there are: a. local and state courts. b. trial and appellate courts. c. federal and state courts. d. misdemeanor and felony courts. Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c Case 3-1 Johnny and Martin are in a bar drinking beer and talking. Sharon walks in and starts talking to Johnny. Martin gets jealous

One of the basic assumptions of is that people are able to justify improper or even criminal behavior by convincing themselves that it is actually acceptable behavior. a. rational choice theory b. control theory c. social psychology d. trait theory Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c Which of the following is NOT one of the options of intermediate

Duress, self-defense, entrapment, and necessity are examples of excuse defenses. a. True b. False Answer: False Answer: False Answer: False If a law enforcement officer has a search warrant authorizing him to search for a desktop computer located in the office of the suspect's house, where can he look during the search procedure for this evidence? a.

A(n) is a situation that requires extralegal or exceptional actions by the police. In these circumstances, police officers are justified in not following procedural rules, such as those pertaining to search and arrest warrants. a. exclusionary circumstance b. exigent circumstance c. rare circumstance d. reasonable circumstance Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b What kind of search takes place

1. Which of the following is true regarding deviance? a. Deviance is an objective concept that all members of society agree upon. b. Deviance is another term used to describe all criminal activity. c. Deviance is behavior that is considered to go against the norms established by society. d. Deviance

60. Different societies can have vastly different ideas of what constitutes criminal behavior. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: What Is Crime? LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.01.01 - Describe the two most common models of how society determines which acts are criminal. KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember ANSWER: True REFERENCES: What Is

1. Which goal of corrections focuses on preparing the offender for a return to the community unmarred by further criminal behavior? a. deterrence b. diversion c. incapacitation d. reintegration ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Justification for Community Corrections LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.10.01 - Explain the justifications for community-based corrections

59. The first step of the revocation process is the arraignment. a. True b. False ANSWER: False POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Probation: Doing Time in the Community LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.10.04 - Explain the decisions that a probation officer must make regarding a probationer who has violated the terms of her

1. In what state was the first penitentiary opened? a. Washington, DC b. Illinois c. New York d. Pennsylvania ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: A Short History of American Prisons LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.11.01 - Contrast the Pennsylvania and the New York penitentiary theories of the 1800s. KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

55. Much of the growth in the number of Americans behind bars can be attributed to the enhancement and stricter enforcement of the nations drug laws. a. True b. False ANSWER: True POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Inmate Population Trends LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.11.04 - List the factors that have caused the

52. Officers who work the prison yard usually have the least seniority, befitting the assignments reputation as dangerous and stressful. a. True b. False ANSWER: True POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Correctional Officers and Discipline LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.12.04 - List and briefly explain the six general job categories among correctional officers.

1. Inmates develop their own language, or: a. dialect. b. argot. c. code. d. slang. ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Prison Culture LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.12.01 - Explain the concept of prison as a total institution. KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Prison Culture LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.12.01 -

54. In juvenile court, the judge has wide discretion in disposing of each case. a. True b. False ANSWER: True POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Evolution of American Juvenile Justice LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.13.01 - List the four major differences between juvenile courts and adult courts. KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember ANSWER: True

1. Which of the following is true of the child-saving movement? a. Child savers were interested only in the welfare of abused and neglected children b. Child savers believed in treatment, not punishment c. Child savers disputed the concept of parens patriae d. Child savers advocated the incarceration of dangerous

KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember ANSWER: True POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Terror Threat LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.14.07 - Identify three important trends in international terrorism. KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember ANSWER: True POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: The Terror Threat LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.14.07 - Identify three important trends in international terrorism. KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember ANSWER: True

1. What is also known as influence peddling and occurs in the business world when somebody within a company sells influence, power, or information to a person outside the company who can benefit? a. bribery b. embezzlement c. consumer fraud d. tax evasion ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: White-Collar

57. Assault and battery are the same crime. a. True b. False ANSWER: False REFERENCES: Types of Crime LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.02.01 - Identify the six different main categories of crime. KEYWORDS: Blooms: Understand ANSWER: False REFERENCES: Types of Crime LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.02.01 - Identify the six different main categories

1. What is the newest variation on crime? a. high-tech crime b. white-collar crime c. public order crime d. organized crime ANSWER: a REFERENCES: Types of Crime LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.02.01 - Identify the six different main categories of crime. KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember ANSWER: a REFERENCES: Types of Crime LEARNING

1. The is the supreme law of the land, and as such is the basis of all law in the United States. a. Declaration of Independence b. U.S. Penal Code c. U.S. Constitution d. Case law of the U.S. Supreme Court ANSWER: c REFERENCES: Written Sources of Criminal Law

62. Proceedings in civil court are normally initiated by the plaintiff. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: Classification of Crimes LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.03.03 - Discuss the primary goals of civil law and criminal law and explain how these goals are realized. KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember ANSWER: True REFERENCES: Classification

1. Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic responsibilities of the police as pinpointed by Bittner? a. to create laws b. to enforce laws c. to provide services d. to prevent crime ANSWER: a REFERENCES: The Responsibilities of the Police LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.04.01 - List

KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember ANSWER: False REFERENCES: A Short History of the American Police LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.04.02 - Explain how intelligence-led policing works and how it benefits modern police departments. KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember ANSWER: False REFERENCES: A Short History of the American Police LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.04.02 - Explain how intelligence-led policing

1. A hierarchically structured administrative organization that carries out specific functions is a: a. bureaucracy. b. delegation. c. chain of command. d. strategy. ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Police Organization and Field Operations LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.01 - List the three primary purposes of police patrol. KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember ANSWER:

62. DNA taken from a crime scene may soon be able to provide law enforcement with a physical description of a suspect. a. True b. False ANSWER: True POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Police Organization and Field Operations LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.05.03 - Describe how forensic experts use DNA fingerprinting to solve

59. A seizure is the act of taking possession of a person or property. a. True b. False ANSWER: True POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Lawful Searches and Seizures LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.06.03 - Explain when searches can be made without a warrant. KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember ANSWER: True POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Lawful

1. The Fourth Amendment contains two critical legal concepts: a prohibition against unreasonable searches and seizures and: a. a trial by a jury of peers. b. prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment. c. requirement of probable cause to make an arrest. d. requirement of reasonable suspicion to make an arrest.

62. The highest appellate court in a state is usually called the supreme court. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: State Court Systems LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.07.04 - Outline the several levels of a typical state court system. KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember ANSWER: True REFERENCES: State Court Systems LEARNING

1. The courts legitimacy is based on two factors: impartiality and: a. independence. b. the judges prerogative. c. jurisdiction. d. the statutes. ANSWER: a REFERENCES: Functions of the Court LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.07.01 - Define and contrast the four functions of the court. KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember ANSWER: a REFERENCES: Functions

1. What is the first step toward determining the suspects guilt or innocence after an arrest has been made? a. indictment b. information c. initial appearance d. preliminary hearing ANSWER: c REFERENCES: Pretrial Detention LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.08.01 - Identify the steps involved in the pretrial criminal process. KEYWORDS: Blooms:

68. Only a criminal defendant has the right to take the Fifth during a criminal trial. a. True b. False ANSWER: False REFERENCES: Pleading Guilty LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.08.05 - Explain what taking the Fifth really means. KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember ANSWER: False REFERENCES: Pleading Guilty LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.08.05 - Explain

58. During a sentencing hearing, the judges role is passive and reactive. a. True b. False ANSWER: False REFERENCES: The Structure of Sentencing LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.09.02 - Contrast indeterminate with determinate sentencing. KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember ANSWER: False REFERENCES: The Structure of Sentencing LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.09.02 - Contrast indeterminate with

1. Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic philosophical reasons for sentencing? a. deterrence b. incapacitation c. retribution d. revenge ANSWER: d REFERENCES: The Purpose of Sentencing LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CJIA.GAMI.16.09.01 - List and contrast the four basic philosophical reasons for sentencing criminals. KEYWORDS: Blooms: Remember

In the past 10 years, the annual number of executions in the United States: a. has remained stable. b. has increased dramatically. c. has decreased. d. has dropped to almost zero. Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c The U.S. Supreme Court orders a lower court to send it the record of a case for review. This is done

What level of home monitoring requires that offenders remain home at all times, with exceptions being made for education, employment, counseling, or other specified activities such as the purchase of food, or in some instances attendance at religious ceremonies? a. curfew b. home detention c. home incarceration d. home probation Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b Entrapment is

Intermediate sanctions increase the amount of control the state exerts over the individual compared to standard probation. a. True b. False Answer: True Answer: True Answer: True A broad term used to describe the basic assumptions and values that permeate law enforcement agencies and are taught to new members of a law enforcement agency as the

Case 14-2 Julie joins an online dating website. She plans on meeting men but not for the purpose of dating them. She already has a boyfriend named James. Julie and James plan to use the online dating website to commit various crimes against the unsuspecting men who respond to Julie's online

Victim surveys are used to collect data from criminals and victims of crime. a. True b. False Answer: False Answer: False Answer: False Case 7-2 Barney was sentenced to a term of life in prison after he was found guilty of an armed home invasion robbery. There are many issues that occurred during his trial that he

The patronage system was designed to root out corruption and provide for better police officers. a. True b. False Answer: False Answer: False Answer: False Case 12-2 Officer Hernandez has been working for the correctional system for 5 years. As a custodial officer he has performed almost every job inside the prison walls. He is well respected

The ability to choose between and among alternative courses of action is known as: a. choice. b. control. c. discretion. d. power. Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c Which officers often police a state's natural resources and often oversee its firearm laws? a. fish, game, and watercraft officers b. department of state security c. highway patrol d. sheriffs Answer: a Answer: a Answer:

Home detention is the strictest form of home monitoring. a. True b. False Answer: False Answer: False Answer: False In , the Supreme Court held that jurors may not be excluded based on their race. a. J.E.B.v.Alabama b. Adamsonv.California c. Batsonv.Kentucky d. Swainv.Alabama Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c Part II offenses are measured only by data. Answer: Answer: Answer:

Because there are more stolen vehicles than murders in most jurisdictions, law enforcement agencies use more resources and time to investigate stolen vehicles than murders. a. True b. False Answer: False Answer: False Answer: False Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic philosophical reasons for sentencing? a. deterrence b. incapacitation c. retribution d. revenge Answer: d Answer: d Answer:

The first American police department was formed in Philadelphia. a. True b. False Answer: False Answer: False Answer: False There is no parole in the federal prison system. a. True b. False Answer: True Answer: True Answer: True Domestic courts and mental health courts are considered to be specialty courts. a. True b. False Answer: Answer: Answer: True True True Federal and state laws restrict public housing options

Case law relies on how courts interpret a statute. a. True b. False Answer: True Answer: True Answer: True What level of law enforcement divides duties between counties and municipalities? a. federal b. local c. national d. state Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b In the current criminal justice system, each party involved in a courtroom dispute has an equal chance to present its

In the case of , the Supreme Court held that a defendant's decision not to testify during the trial cannot be held against him or her. a. Adamsonv.California b. BatsonvKentucky c. J.E.B.v.Alabama d. Swainv.Alabama Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a What type of technology is utilized by police departments to locate and identify hot spots? a.

Many prosecutors and defense attorneys are opposed to "real offense" procedures because they can render a plea bargain meaningless. a. True b. False Answer: True Answer: True Answer: True The exclusionary rule prohibits the use of illegally seized evidence. a. True b. False Answer: True Answer: True Answer: True The U.S. Constitution is the supreme law of the land and as such, it

Case 7-1 Jack was arrested for the serious crime of robbery by the local police department. When police searched Jack incident to arrest, they found a small amount of heroin and a needle used for injecting heroin. Jack is also homeless. He has no family and no means to support himself, except

Case 9-2 Ted was arrested and charged with the first degree murder of Susan. Ted and Susan were coworkers at a local bar where Ted was the busboy and Susan was a waitress. The prosecutors believed there was convincing evidence that Ted was obsessed with Susan and when she rejected him,

can be defined as an approach that promotes community-police relations. a. Directed patrol b. Random patrol c. Proactive patrol d. Community policing Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d During the pretrial, the takes on the role of the referee. a. defense attorney b. judge c. prosecutor d. public defender Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b Most of the rules of evidence that govern regular trials do