Case 8-1
Andrew was arrested and charged with second degree murder. His family was able to
gather enough money to retain a well-respected criminal defense attorney. His attorney
believes that it is very important to get Andrew out of jail on bail so he can assist him
with his defense. The community prefers that he remain in custody.
A judge denying Andrew bail because he is fearful that Andrew will commit a crime if
released before trial is known as:
a. preventive detention.
b. proactive detention.
c. reactive detention.
d. statutory detention.
Many methods of execution have been found to be unconstitutional by the Supreme
Court.
a. True
b. False
The culture in male prisons is similar to the culture in female prisons.
a. True
b. False
Early policing efforts were for the most part performed by:
a. educated employees.
b. paid persons.
c. professionals.
d. volunteers.
Prison violence is often an outlet for racial tension.
a. True
b. False
Courts having original jurisdiction are courts of the first instance, or:
a. appellate courts.
b. jurisdiction courts.
c. state supreme courts.
d. trial courts.
An arrest is the taking into custody of a citizen for the purpose of detaining him or her
on a criminal charge.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is NOT one of the services provided by police?
a. directing traffic
b. performing emergency medical procedures
c. providing directions to tourists
d. arresting offenders
Peter wants to hire Mr. Thomas but does not have any money. Mr. Thomas explains to
Peter that if he is arrested and charged with a crime, he has a right to a lawyer at various
stages of criminal proceedings. Which amendment gives Peter this protection?
a. Fourth Amendment
b. Fifth Amendment
c. Sixth Amendment
d. Eighth Amendment
An essay by provided critics of the medical model with statistical evidence that
rehabilitation efforts did nothing to lower recidivism rates.
a. Progressives
b. Quakers
c. Robert Martinson
d. warden organizations
A hierarchically structured administrative organization that carries out specific
functions is a:
a. bureaucracy.
b. delegation.
c. chain of command.
d. strategy.
Which of the following is a true statement?
a. Defendants who plea bargain receive significantly lighter sentences on average than
those who are found guilty at trial.
b. Defendants who plea bargain receive significantly harsher sentences on average than
those who are found guilty at trial.
c. The plea of guilty is fairly common at the arraignment.
d. Plea bargaining accounts for the majority of criminal convictions in state courts.
The “new penology” was put into practice at New York’s Elmira Reformatory in 1876.
a. True
b. False
house those convicted of more serious crimes with longer sentences.
a. Jails
b. Parole agencies
c. Prisons
d. Probation offices
What is the most common form of juvenile corrections?
a. boot camp
b. juvenile detention
c. probation
d. residential treatment centers
Psychoactive drugs affect the brain, causing changes in emotions, perceptions, and
behavior.
a. True
b. False
What is the smallest stretch of area that a police officer or group of police officers
regularly patrol?
a. beat
b. district
c. station
d. zone
In the courtroom workgroup, who is responsible for maintaining the large amount of
paperwork generated during a trial, including transcripts, photographs, evidence, and
any other records?
a. bailiff
b. clerk of court
c. court reporter
d. prosecutor
Which philosophy allows a police officer to detain a juvenile for his or her own
protection, such as when the officer detects a dangerous situation involving family or
peers?
a. child-saving
b. culpability protecting
c. inlocoparentis
d. parenspatriae
_______________________ subscribe to the continuitytheory of crime, which
essentially says that once negative behavior patterns have been established, they cannot
be changed.
a. Learning theorists
b. Life course theorists
c. Selfcontrol theorists
d. Control theorists
is the degree of force that is appropriate to protect the police officer or other citizens
and is not excessive.
a. Deadly force
b. Reasonable force
c. Sufficient force
d. Minimal force
Case 9-2
Ted was arrested and charged with the first degree murder of Susan. Ted and Susan
were coworkers at a local bar where Ted was the busboy and Susan was a waitress. The
prosecutors believed there was convincing evidence that Ted was obsessed with Susan
and when she rejected him, he raped and then strangled her. Prosecutors are seeking the
death penalty.
The Supreme Court now requires that all death penalty cases follow certain procedures.
One of these requirements is that there is a guilt phase and a sentencing phase of a death
penalty trial. This is known as:
a. the bifurcated process.
b. the dual court process.
c. the due process.
d. the equal protection process.
Of the nearly 3,370 jails in the United States, more than 2,700 are operated at a county
level by an elected sheriff.
a. True
b. False
Chief Gomez asks Mayor Smith if he has any further questions. Mayor Smith asks the
chief how they know the true number of crimes if there are people who do not report
crimes to the police and the police never become aware of the crime. Chief Gomez
explains that this is known as the:
a. hidden figure of crime.
b. dark prediction of crime.
c. dark figure of crime.
d. hidden prediction of crime.
What is the primary factor in a judge’s sentencing decision?
a. aggravating circumstances
b. judicial philosophy
c. mitigating circumstances
d. seriousness of the crime
Case 6-2
Officer Martinez pulls over Heather for speeding. As he is getting out of his vehicle, he
hears over the radio that a stabbing just occurred a few blocks away. The suspect in the
stabbing was described as a young female with red hair. As Officer Martinez
approaches the car, he notices the female that is driving the car has red hair. He also
notices that there is a bloody knife in the back seat of the vehicle. Officer Martinez
immediately calls for backup and orders Heather out of the vehicle.
Which case announced that a warrantless search of a vehicle is allowed if the arresting
officer believes that the car contains evidence pertinent to the same crime for which the
arrest took place?
a. NewYorkv.Belton
b. Arizonav.Gant
c. Coolidgev.NewHampshire
d. Burgerv.NewYork
Case 8-1
Andrew was arrested and charged with second degree murder. His family was able to
gather enough money to retain a well-respected criminal defense attorney. His attorney
believes that it is very important to get Andrew out of jail on bail so he can assist him
with his defense. The community prefers that he remain in custody.
Once the judge set Andrew’s bail at $1.5 million, Andrew’s family contacts a bail bond
agent. What percentage of the cash bail will the bail bond agent usually request in order
to post a bail on Andrew’s behalf?
a. 5%
b. 10%
c. 20%
d. 25%
Case 2-1
Tina’s mother bought Tina a new pair of jeans when she received all A’s on her report
card. Jane was jealous that Tina got new jeans because she wanted the same pair of
jeans. But, Jane’s parents were not able to afford them. One day, Jane skipped school
and broke into Tina’s house when she knew no one would be home. Jane took the jeans
from Tina’s bedroom and left the house.
What category of crime did Jane commit?
a. violent crime
b. property crime
c. public order crime
d. white-collar crime
Training schools have many of the same problems as adult prisons and jails, including
drug abuse and overcrowding.
a. True
b. False
Case 7-1
Jack was arrested for the serious crime of robbery by the local police department. When
police searched Jack incident to arrest, they found a small amount of heroin and a
needle used for injecting heroin. Jack is also homeless. He has no family and no means
to support himself, except committing crime. He commits crime in order to support his
drug habit.
Jack is concerned that because he cannot afford a high-priced criminal defense attorney,
he will not have a chance in his trial. Which of the following statements summarizes the
effectiveness of publicly funded counsel compared to private counsel?
a. Conviction rates of defendants with private counsel are lower than those represented
by publicly funded attorneys.
b. Conviction rates of defendants with private counsel are higher than those represented
by publicly funded attorneys.
c. Conviction rates of defendants with private counsel and those represented by publicly
funded attorneys are generally the same.
d. A higher percentage of defendants with public defenders are placed on probation.
Case 14-1
Bobby was born and raised in the United States. At the age of 16 he converted from
Christianity to become a Muslim. At first his parents were not concerned as they wanted
him to practice the religion of his choice. After Bobby returned home from a trip to the
Middle East, his parents became very concerned about his extreme religious beliefs.
Bobby’s parents went through his belongings, including his computer, when he was
meeting with his religious advisors one evening. They became alarmed because they
found bomb-making training manuals and communications with people in the Middle
East who appeared to be terrorists.
What law gives law enforcement officers the power to arrest and prosecute Bobby if it
is determined that he has provided support to a foreign terrorist organization?
a. Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act
b. Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act
c. Homeland Security Act
d. Patriot Act
In a typical case, the prosecutor only has one goal after charging the defendant: .
Explain the Supreme Court ruling of Batson v.Kentucky. How would a defendant prove
that the prosecution used a peremptory challenge that was racially motivated?
A is a group of people, usually three or more, who share a common identity and engage
in illegal activity.
The is a kind of “road map” that describes the destination each attorney is trying to
reach.
Explain how the Patriot Act has made it easier for federal agencies to conduct searches
and conduct surveillance during terrorism investigations.
List the eight exceptions to the requirement that law enforcement officers have a search
warrant.
have a maximum penalty of death.
Corrections budgets are straining under the financial pressures caused by the
_____________ needs of aging inmates.
is the dollar amount or conditions set by the court to ensure that an individual accused
of a crime will appear for further criminal proceedings.
The inevitable discovery rule states the legal principle that illegally obtained evidence
can be admissible in court if police using lawful means would have “inevitably”
discovered it. Provide an example of a situation in which this rule would apply.
The three stages of probation revocation include a preliminary hearing, revocation
hearing, and
_________________________________.
describes an illegal act or series of acts committed by an individual or business entity
using some nonviolent means to obtain a personal or business advantage.
The refers to the actual amount of crime that takes place.
What are the responsibilities of the defense attorney?
Discuss recent crime trends and the reasons for rate variation.
Explain what happens with regard to jurisdiction if a person has committed a state and
federal crime.
The function of the courts emphasizes punishment and retribution.
Discuss the Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment.
The application of science to establish facts and evidence during the investigation of
crimes is
___________________.
Identify three main techniques used by white-collar criminals to carry out their crimes.