52. Officers who work the prison yard usually have the least seniority, befitting the assignment’s reputation as dangerous
and stressful.
a. True
b. False
53. Female correctional officers are less effective than their male counterparts in maintaining discipline in men’s prisons.
a. True
b. False
54. In the highly regulated, oppressive environment of the prison, correctional officers must use the threat of violence, if
not actual violence, to instill discipline and keep order.
a. True
b. False
55. Prior to the 1970s, the courts applied the “handsoff” doctrine to prisoner law.
a. True
b. False
56. Inmates have the same guaranteed rights as other Americans.
a. True
b. False
57. The culture in male prisons is similar to the culture in female prisons.
a. True
b. False
58. Expiration release, also known as “maxing out,” occurs when an inmate has served the maximum amount of time on
the initial sentence, minus reductions for good–time credits.
a. True
b. False
59. Federal and state laws restrict public housing options for ex-convicts.
a. True
b. False
60. Websites that provide sex offender registry information are considered a form of passive notification.
a. True
b. False
61. is the socialization process through which a new inmate learns the accepted norms and
values of the prison culture.
62. Inmates who are working to improve themselves to prepare for a return to society are .
63. Organized activities for inmates that are designed to improve their physical and mental health, provide them with
skills, or simply keep them busy while incarcerated are .
64. Corrections budgets are straining under the financial pressures caused by the _____________ needs of aging
inmates.
65. is the theory that inmate aggression is caused when freedoms and services that the
inmate has come to accept as normal are decreased or eliminated.
66. Situations in which a number of prisoners are beyond institutional control are .
67. A is a group of inmates who band together within the corrections system to engage in
social and criminal activities.
68. A _____________ is an identifiable group of three or more individuals who pose a threat to the safety of other
inmates or members of the corrections community.
69. spend their entire shifts in isolated, silent posts high above the grounds of the facility
using walkie-talkies to communicate.
70. Officers who provide security at prison gates, oversee visitation procedures, act as liaisons for civilians, and handle
administrative tasks such as the paperwork when an inmate is transferred from another institution are
______________________________.
71. refers to a standard for establishing a violation of an inmate’s Eighth Amendment rights,
requiring that prison officials were aware of harmful conditions in a correctional institution and failed to take steps to
remedy those conditions.
72. The basic human necessities that correctional facilities are required by the Constitution to provide to inmates are
___________________________.
73. In , the Supreme Court ruled that overcrowding, excessive noise, inadequate
heating, and unsanitary bathrooms were not cruel and unusual.
74. In women’s prisons the inmates form , where they play specific roles, with the
more experienced convicts acting as “mothers” to younger inmates.
75. A(n) is the release of an inmate from prison at the end of his or her sentence
without any further correctional supervision.
76. A form of temporary release in which an inmate is allowed to leave the prison for a short amount of time is a(n)
__________________________.
77. A community-based form of early release that places inmates in residential centers and allows them to reintegrate
with society is a(n) ___________________________.
78. Laws that require local law authorities to alert the public when a sex offender has been released into the community
are _______________________________.
79. In the notification model, information on sex offenders is made open and available for
public scrutiny.
80. What is a total institution? Discuss how it applies within the prison culture.
81. Discuss the concept of prisonization and how inmates adapt to prison society.
82. List and discuss John Irwin’s four categories of inmate behavior.
83. Discuss trends of age and mental illness among prison inmates and how this affects the administration of prisons.
84. Why might an inmate become violent within prison today, as explored by the text?
85. Discuss the various ranks of custodial staff at most prisons.
86. Discuss the six general job categories among correctional officers.
87. What are the requirements to become a correctional officer?
88. Under which circumstances or “legitimate security interests” may correctional officers use force?
89. Describe the hands-off doctrine of prisoner law and the two standards used to determine if prisoners’ rights have
been violated.
90. Identify six issues that relate to female inmates.
91. Contrast probation, parole, mandatory release, pardon, and furlough.
92. Identify five issues that prisoners face when they reenter society.
93. Explain the difference between active and passive sex offender notification laws.