Intermediate sanctions increase the amount of control the state exerts over the
individual compared to standard probation.
a. True
b. False
A broad term used to describe the basic assumptions and values that permeate law
enforcement agencies and are taught to new members of a law enforcement agency as
the proper way to think, perceive, and act is called:
a. the blue curtain.
b. police cynicism.
c. the police subculture.
d. socialization.
During which step in the criminal justice process would the offender plead guilty to a
criminal charge?
a. entry into the system
b. prosecution and pretrial services
c. adjudication
d. sentencing and sanctions
The correctional system in the American colonies differed very little from that of
England.
a. True
b. False
Conditions imposed on all probationers are:
a. community.
b. punitive.
c. standard.
d. treatment.
The Federal Bureau of Investigation is now part of the Department of Homeland
Security.
a. True
b. False
What is the legal basis for the Miranda warning?
a. First Amendment
b. Fourth Amendment
c. Fifth Amendment
d. Eighth Amendment
Like their counterparts in state prisons, jail inmates are overwhelmingly
_____________.
a. teenagers
b. older minority adults
c. young male adults
d. young white adults
A pat-down or minimal search by police to discover weapons with the purpose of
protecting the officer or other citizens, and not to find evidence of illegal substances for
use in a trial, is referred to as a(n):
a. arrest
b. frisk
c. seizure
d. stop
Which of the following is NOT one of the possible affirmative defenses used in a
defendant’s case?
a. duress
b. entrapment
c. hearsay
d. insanity
The United States has different judicial systems.
a. 2
b. 3
c. 50
d. 52
Judges are not uniform, or even consistent, in their opinions of which circumstances are
mitigating or aggravating.
a. True
b. False
Case 8-2
Ruth was arrested for burglary. If Ruth is found guilty, she can be sentenced to 5 years
in a state prison. The prosecutors are offering her a 3-year prison sentence if she pleads
guilty to the charges. Ruth is being represented by a public defender who informs Ruth
she must decide if she will take the plea bargain or decide to go to trial for the charge of
burglary.
The public defender advises Ruth that she can also take a plea where she will neither
admit nor deny guilty. This is referred to as a plea of:
a. certiorari.
b. habeascorpus.
c. nolocontendere.
d. reasonable suspicion.
Case 9-1
Jeremy has just been found guilty by a jury for the crimes of robbery, aggravated
assault, and obstruction of justice. Jeremy has an extensive criminal history. He was
previously in prison for burglary and possession of illegal drugs. When he was arrested
for these new crimes of robbery, aggravated assault, and obstruction of justice, he was
on probation for stealing a vehicle.
If the judge sentences Jeremy to a prison sentence of twenty years to life, who will
decide at what point Jeremy is released from prison?
a. judge
b. parole board
c. prison administrator
d. probation officer
Case 12-1
Matthew is the newest inmate to a maximum-security institution. He was sentenced to
serve 20 years for the crime of armed robbery and attempted manslaughter. Matthew is
anxious about going to prison. This is the first time he will serve time in prison. In the
past he has only served short jail terms.
Part of this process will include learning how inmates create their own economy and
even their own language. This inmate language is known as:
a. dialect.
b. argot.
c. code.
d. slang.
The first decision to extend due process rights to children in juvenile courts was In re
Gault.
a. True
b. False
The United States has a court system.
a. dual
b. primary
c. single
d. tertiary
The primary responsibility of the is to represent the defendant at various stages of the
custodial process, such as arrest, interrogation, lineup, and arraignment.
a. court justice
b. defense attorney
c. judge
d. public prosecutor
Prisoners nearing the end of their sentences are given permission to work at paid
employment in the community as part of:
a. parole.
b. work release programs.
c. probation.
d. furlough.
The prison is defined as a correctional facility reserved for those inmates who have
extensive records of misconduct in maximum-security prisons; it is characterized by
extremely strict control and supervision over the inmates, including extensive use of
solitary confinement.
a. maximum-security
b. medium-security
c. minimum-security
d. supermax
A juvenile who has been found to have engaged in behavior deemed unacceptable for
those under a certain statutorily determined age is referred to as a .
a. juvenile delinquent
b. status offender
c. troubled minor
d. wayward youth
Case 3-1
Johnny and Martin are in a bar drinking beer and talking. Sharon walks in and starts
talking to Johnny. Martin gets jealous because he was engaged to be married to Sharon
and they only recently broke up. Martin gets so mad that he starts to yell at Johnny. He
then swings at Johnny and misses. Martin falls to the ground and passes out. Johnny
gets so mad that he stabs Martin in the back and kills him.
Prosecutors would need to prove that Johnny actually committed the guilty act of
stabbing Martin. This is known as the:
a. actusreus.
b. mensrea.
c. malainse.
d. malaprohibita.
The goal of reentry is to promote , or continued abstinence from offending.
a. desistance
b. recidivism
c. rehabilitation
d. resistance
A(n) circumstance is any circumstance accompanying the commission of a crime that
may justify a harsher sentence.
a. aggravating
b. conviction
c. mitigating
d. real
The use of force by police officers occurs in about % of all police-public encounters.
a. 9
b. 4
c. 1
d. 6
_________________ rests on the assumption that a judge should be given ample
leeway in determining punishments that fit both the crime and the criminal.
a. Truthinsentencing
b. Judicial discretion
c. Sentencing guidelines
d. Judicial disposition
Parole supervision is similar to probation supervision.
a. True
b. False
Of the three levels of law enforcement, have the broadest authority to apprehend
criminal suspects, maintain order, and provide services to the community.
a. municipal police agencies
b. county sheriff’s department
c. state police agencies
d. federal police agencies
The accused party in both criminal and civil cases is known as the defendant.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is a technology that is NOT part of police cars?
a. mobile fingerprint readers
b. less lethal weapons
c. laser beams
d. drones