1. Inmates develop their own language, or:
a. dialect. b. argot.
c. code. d. slang.
2. Which pattern of inmate behavior includes following rules and generally doing whatever is necessary to speed up
their release so they can continue their chosen careers?
a. disorganized criminal b. doing time
c. gleaning d. jailing
3. Inmates who are are establishing themselves in the power structure of the prison culture.
a. disorganized criminals b. doing time
c. gleaning d. jailing
4. Inmates who take advantage of prison resources, such as libraries or drug treatment programs, by are working
to improve themselves to prepare for a return to society.
a. being disorganized criminals b. doing time
c. gleaning d. jailing
5. An inmate who is exists on the fringes of prison society.
a. a disorganized criminal b. doing time
c. gleaning d. jailing
6. The socialization process through which a new inmate learns the accepted norms and values of the prison population
is called:
a. gleaning. b. prisonization.
c. institutionalization. d. immersion.
7. In which case did the U.S. Supreme Court find that severe overcrowding in California state prisons denied inmates
satisfactory levels of mental and physical health care, and therefore amounted to unconstitutional cruel and unusual
punishment?
a. Brown v. Plata
b. Hudson v. Palmer
c. Cruz v. California
d. Wolff v. McDonnell
8. Which would NOT be considered to be a reason for violent behavior in prisons?
a. A reputation for violence may lead an inmate to become a target of assault.
b. It enhances self-image in an environment that does not respect other attributes, such as intelligence.
c. In the case of rape, it gives sexual relief.
d. It serves as a means of acquiring material goods through extortion or outright robbery.
9. What is the deprivation model?
a. The deprivation model theorizes that the most effective method of dealing with inmate violence is to deprive
inmates of privileges such as access to television and recreation.
b. The deprivation model theorizes that inmate aggression is the result of the frustration inmates feel at being
deprived of freedom, consumer goods, sex, and other staples of life normally available outside the institution.
c. The deprivation model theorizes that inmate aggression is the result of the frustration inmates feel at being
deprived of quality food, time outdoors, and exercise.
d. The deprivation model theorizes that depriving inmates of visits from associates in the free world will
significantly reduce the amount of contraband that enters the prison facility.
10. A number of prison experts have noted that group violence often occurs in response to at
corrections facilities.
a. overcrowding
b. deprivation
c. violence
d. heightened security
11. are primarily administrators who deal directly with the warden on custodial issues.
a. Captains b. Lieutenants
c. Officers d. Sergeants
12. A is the disciplinarian of the prison, responsible for policing and transporting the inmates.
a. captain b. lieutenant
c. officer d. sergeant
13. Which rank of custodial staff is responsible for overseeing platoons of officers in specific parts of the prison, such as
various cell blocks or work spaces?
a. captain b. lieutenant
c. officer d. sergeant
14. Who is responsible for the “wellbeing” of the inmates by making sure that inmates do not harm themselves or other
prisoners?
a. block officers b. tower guards
c. work detail supervisors d. yard officers
15. oversee small groups of inmates as they perform tasks in the cafeteria, the prison store, the laundry, and other
areas.
a. Block officers b. Tower guards
c. Work detail supervisors d. Yard officers
16. These officers perform maintenance and security functions in workshop and educational programs.
a. Block officers b. Industrial shop and school officers
c. Work detail supervisors d. Yard officers
17. Who are the officers who are responsible for staying alert for breaches in prison discipline or regulations in the
relatively unstructured environment of the prison yard?
a. Block officers b. Industrial shop and school officers
c. Tower guards d. Yard officers
18. In which case did the Supreme Court rule that minor injuries suffered by a convict at the hands of a correctional
officer following an argument did violate the inmate’s rights, because there was no security concern at the time of
the incident?
a. Cooper v. Pate b. Hudson v. McMillan
c. Whitley v. Albers d. Wolff v. McDonnell
19. The unwritten judicial policy that favors noninterference by the courts in the administration of prisons and jails is the:
a. hands-off doctrine. b. laissez-faire doctrine.
c. judicial reprieve. d. penal authority doctrine.
20. Which amendment states that inmates do not have the same guaranteed rights as other Americans?
a. Fourth b. Fifth
c. Eighth d. Thirteenth
21. When inmates try to prove that their Eighth Amendment rights were violated by a correctional facility, they must
meet the standard of:
a. deliberate indifference. b. hands-on approach.
c. identifiable human needs. d. relative deprivation.
22. The single factor that most distinguishes female prisoners from their male counterparts is:
a. age.
b. a history of physical or sexual abuse.
c. a lengthy criminal history.
d. race or ethnicity.
23. Drug and alcohol use within a women’s prison can be a function of the anger and depression many inmates
experience due to:
a. being separated from their children. b. being separated from their husbands.
c. a lack of heterogeneous relationships. d. a lack of personal freedoms.
24. This is the conditional release of an inmate before his or her sentence has expired.
a. mandatory release b. pardon
c. parole d. probation
25. This is a release from prison that occurs when an offender has served the length of his or her sentence, with time
taken off for good behavior.
a. expiration release b. pardon
c. parole d. probation
26. An act of executive clemency that overturns a conviction and erases mention of the crime from the person’s
criminal record is referred to as:
a. a mandatory release. b. a pardon.
c. parole. d. probation.
27. Each year, more than persons leave prison and return to the community.
a. 200,000 b. 300,000
c. 650,000 d. 1,000,000
28. Efforts being made to help inmates make the transition from prison to the “outside” are included under the concept
of:
a. parole. b. pardons.
c. prisoner reentry. d. prisoner rehabilitation.
29. The goal of reentry is to promote , or continued abstinence from offending.
a. desistance b. recidivism
c. rehabilitation d. resistance
30. Prisoners nearing the end of their sentences are given permission to work at paid employment in the community as
part of:
a. parole. b. work release programs.
c. probation. d. furlough.
31. Megan’s Law requires states to provide communities with relevant information on as a condition of receiving
federal anticrime funds.
a. drug offenders b. murderers
c. property offenders d. sexual offenders
32. Under the model, the authorities directly notify the community of the sex offender’s presence.
a. community b. passive
c. active d. registration
Case 12-1
Matthew is the newest inmate to a maximum-security institution. He was sentenced to serve 20 years for the crime
of armed robbery and attempted manslaughter. Matthew is anxious about going to prison. This is the first time he will
serve time in prison. In the past he has only served short jail terms.
33. Once he arrives at the prison, Matthew is given a handbook that explains all the regulations and guidelines. He also
speaks with some of the inmates who explain to him that he will go through a socialization process where he will
learn the accepted norms and values of the prison culture that are not included in a handbook. These are more the
rules of the prison created by the inmates. What is this process called?
a. deliberate indifference
b. desistance
c. prisonization
d. relative deprivation
34. Part of this process will include learning how inmates create their own economy and even their own language. This
inmate language is known as:
a. dialect.
b. argot.
c. code.
d. slang.
35. In his communication with other inmates they ask him about his crime. They are particularly concerned if he is a
child molester. Matthew then learns that the word for “child molester” in the inmate language is a(n):
a. base head.
b. bug.
c. diddler.
d. lugger.
36. After a few months of observing Matthew and his interaction with other inmates, the correctional officers believe
that Matthew will follow the rules and generally do what is necessary to speed up his release and return to freedom.
This type of inmate behavior is known as:
a. disorganized.
b. doing time.
c. gleaning.
d. jailing.
37. Six months into his prison sentence Matthew begins to feel frustrated because he has no freedom and he misses the
items he was used to when he was out of prison, like his cell phone and his iPod. What theory would explain this
inmate aggression?
a. consensus model
b. conflict model
c. deprivation model
d. integration model
Case 12-2
Officer Hernandez has been working for the correctional system for 5 years. As a custodial officer he has
performed almost every job inside the prison walls. He is well respected by the inmates and his fellow officers.
Officer Hernandez found out that there is an opportunity to be promoted. He studies for the exam and reviews all
the policies and duties for the employees at the correctional institution.
38. Officer Hernandez is applying to be promoted to sergeant. If he gets the promotion what will his main duties consist
of?
a. He will deal with the warden on custodial issues.
b. He will be responsible for policing and transporting the inmates.
c. He will oversee the platoons of officers in specific parts of the prison.
d. He will supervise inmates in their cell blocks.
39. The warden decides that Sergeant Hernandez will supervise the rookie officers. He will most likely be required to
supervise which officers?
a. block officers
b. industrial officers
c. tower guards
d. yard officers
40. One of Sergeant Hernandez’s rookie officers has been known to use excessive force. Sergeant Hernandez must
evaluate if the level of force used by Officer Williams is a violation of an inmate’s Eighth Amendment protections.
Which Supreme Court case held that the use of force by prison officials violates an inmate’s Eighth Amendment
protections only if the force amounts to the “unnecessary and wanton infliction of pain”?
a. Hudson v. McMillan
b. Estelle v. Gamble
c. Wilson v. Seiter
d. Whitley v. Albers
41. One of Sergeant Hernandez’s responsibilities is to censor inmate mail in order to maintain prison security. Which
constitutional amendment is related to the issue of censoring inmate mail?
a. First Amendment
b. Fourth Amendment
c. Fifth Amendment
d. Eighth Amendment
42. During one of Sergeant Hernandez’s daytime shifts, an inmate playing basketball in the yard collapses. The officers
see him collapse and do not approach him. After 15 minutes the inmate gets up and complains to an officer that he
has severe abdominal cramping and that he is very light-headed. Sergeant Hernandez makes the decision to deny the
inmate’s request for medical care. When the inmate returns to his cell, he collapses again, goes into cardiac arrest,
and dies within 5 minutes. Which Supreme Court case ruled that it is a violation of an inmate’s Eighth Amendment
rights to deliberately fail to provide medical care?
a. Hudson v. McMillan
b. Estelle v. Gamble
c. Wilson v. Seiter
d. Whitley v. Albers
43. By definition, a total institution is an institution that provides all of the necessities for existence to those who live
within its boundaries.
a. True
b. False
44. About 40% of women in federal prisons report some form of past abuse.
a. True
b. False
45. The majority of inmates are under the age of 25.
a. True
b. False
46. Jailing is the socialization process through which a new inmate learns the accepted norms and values of the prison
population.
a. True
b. False
47. A prisoner today is much more likely to have been incarcerated on a drug charge or immigration violation than was
the case in the 1980s.
a. True
b. False
48. Violence by inmates is used to establish the prisoner hierarchy by separating the powerful from the weak.
a. True
b. False
49. Violence is the cause of almost 9 of 10 inmate deaths in state prisons.
a. True
b. False
50. Prison violence is often an outlet for racial tension.
a. True
b. False
51. Relative deprivation is a theory that inmate aggression is the result of the frustration inmates feel at being deprived of
freedom, consumer goods, sex, and other staples of life outside the institution.
a. True
b. False