The patronage system was designed to root out corruption and provide for better police
officers.
a. True
b. False
Case 12-2
Officer Hernandez has been working for the correctional system for 5 years. As a
custodial officer he has performed almost every job inside the prison walls. He is well
respected by the inmates and his fellow officers. Officer Hernandez found out that there
is an opportunity to be promoted. He studies for the exam and reviews all the policies
and duties for the employees at the correctional institution.
During one of Sergeant Hernandez’s daytime shifts, an inmate playing basketball in the
yard collapses. The officers see him collapse and do not approach him. After 15 minutes
the inmate gets up and complains to an officer that he has severe abdominal cramping
and that he is very light-headed. Sergeant Hernandez makes the decision to deny the
inmate’s request for medical care. When the inmate returns to his cell, he collapses
again, goes into cardiac arrest, and dies within 5 minutes. Which Supreme Court case
ruled that it is a violation of an inmate’s Eighth Amendment rights to deliberately fail to
provide medical care?
a. Hudsonv.McMillan
b. Estellev.Gamble
c. Wilsonv.Seiter
d. Whitleyv.Albers
In a(n) the intent of the officer is to investigate suspicious activity.
a. arrest
b. stop
c. frisk
d. seizure
Most of the negative attitudes toward female police officers are based on actual
experience rather than prejudice.
a. True
b. False
The social function of the law includes the concepts of:
a. protecting individual rights and teaching societal boundaries.
b. protecting individual rights and punishing offenders.
c. expressing public morality and teaching societal boundaries.
d. expressing public morality and punishing offenders.
Which agency regulates all gun trade between the United States and foreign nations and
collects taxes from all firearms importers, manufacturers, and dealers?
a. ATF
b. DEA
c. FBI
d. U.S. Secret Service
Which theory suggests that certain biological or psychological traits in individuals
could incline them toward criminal behavior given a certain set of circumstances?
a. choice theory
b. social process theory
c. social structure theory
d. trait theory
Case 12-1
Matthew is the newest inmate to a maximum-security institution. He was sentenced to
serve 20 years for the crime of armed robbery and attempted manslaughter. Matthew is
anxious about going to prison. This is the first time he will serve time in prison. In the
past he has only served short jail terms.
After a few months of observing Matthew and his interaction with other inmates, the
correctional officers believe that Matthew will follow the rules and generally do what is
necessary to speed up his release and return to freedom. This type of inmate behavior is
known as:
a. disorganized.
b. doing time.
c. gleaning.
d. jailing.
Robbery is the unlawful entry of a structure with the intention of committing a serious
crime such as theft.
a. True
b. False
Studies have suggested that only calls to the police involve the report of criminal
activity.
a. one in two
b. one in three
c. one in four
d. one in five
Progressive theories had a huge impact on prisons as many prison administrators
supported the Progressives and their followers.
a. True
b. False
According to Jack Katz, the emotional or sensual rush a criminal experiences upon the
successful completion of a crime is referred to as:
a. crime adrenaline.
b. criminal benefit.
c. rush sensation.
d. seduction of crime.
Misdemeanors are punishable by a fine or by confinement up to:
a. 1 year.
b. 5 years.
c. 10 years.
d. life imprisonment.
The plea bargain allows the defendant a measure of control over his or her fate.
a. True
b. False
The court’s legitimacy is based on two factors: impartiality and:
a. independence.
b. the judge’s prerogative.
c. jurisdiction.
d. the statutes.
Law enforcement officers are generally only responsible for specific duties, such as
homicide investigations.
a. True
b. False
What is the term that means that the guilty act and the guilty intent occur together?
a. causation
b. attendant circumstances
c. concurrence
d. harm
Those who suffer from mental illnesses are much more likely to be victims of crime
than perpetrators.
a. True
b. False
Attempting to stop crimes before they are committed is a form of policing.
a. social
b. interactive
c. proactive
d. reactive
Case 13-1
Donovan is 16 years old. He has been getting into trouble at school and not listening to
his parents at home. He is also hanging out with a new group of kids in the
neighborhood. His parents are growing frustrated with his antics. They finally called the
police when it was 2 a.m. and he had not returned home.
Donovan finally returned home around 3 a.m. The police happen to be there when
Donovan returns. The officers ask Donovan where he was and who he was with.
Donovan tells the police that he was hanging out with his friends outside the bowling
alley. The police recognize some of the names that Donovan gives. When Donovan
goes to his room, the police tell Donovan’s parents that the kids Donovan is associating
with are frequently getting into trouble and are known members of a gang. Donovan’s
parents ask the police why their son would want to be in a gang. Which of the following
reasons would police most likely give to Donovan’s parents?
a. Donovan is feeling alienated from his family.
b. Donovan wants to improve his status in the community.
c. Donovan feels he needs to be in a gang because he lives in a high-crime
neighborhood.
d. All of these.
When two criminals receive different sentences for the same offense, this is known as
sentencing discrimination.
a. True
b. False
The attorney general is the chief law enforcement officer in any state.
a. True
b. False
If an offender chooses to attend drug court, they place themselves in the hands of a who
will enforce a mixture of treatment and sanctions in an attempt to cure their addiction.
a. judge
b. jury
c. probation officer
d. prosecutor
Case 10-2
Sandra was recently released from a juvenile detention facility. She was serving time
for theft, burglary, and assault. Sandra was in a well-known street gang. To celebrate
her release from the juvenile facility and her 18th birthday, Sandra decided it would be
fun to carjack a car with her gang member friends. She took a gun from her older
brother. On the evening of the carjacking, Sandra and a fellow gang member
approached a car that was being driven by an elderly woman. Sandra pointed the gun at
the woman through the driver’s side window and screamed for her to get out of the car.
When the victim opened her door, Sandra pulled her out of the car and pushed her on
the ground. Sandra jumped into the driver’s seat of the vehicle while Sandra’s friend
jumped into the passenger side of the car. They drove around for a couple of hours
before crashing the car into a tree and fleeing the scene.
Sandra’s fingerprints were found on the vehicle and the victim identified Sandra as the
offender from a photo lineup. Sandra was brought into custody and charged with an
armed carjacking. Because of previous violent felony convictions, Sandra is looking at
being charged under habitual offender laws. She can potentially get a 25-year prison
sentence.
Because Sandra is young and this is her first felony conviction as an adult, the judge is
reluctant to sentence her to prison because he thinks it would be too harsh and
counterproductive. However, he thinks that she requires stricter supervision than
supplied by probation. What would be a likely sentence for Sandra in this situation?
a. atypical sanctions
b. intermediate sanctions
c. special sanctions
d. technical sanctions
The consensus model is a criminal justice model in which:
a. the content of criminal law is determined by the groups that hold economic, political,
and social power in a community.
b. a majority of citizens in society agree on what activities should be outlawed and
punished as crimes.
c. specific social groups determine which deviant behaviors are to be defined as
criminal.
d. the primary focus of law is to protect the individual from the power of government.
Most arrests are made without prior judicial approval in the form of a warrant because
most arrests are the result of quick police reaction to the commission of a crime.
a. True
b. False
List and explain the nine exceptions to the requirement for a search warrant.
a) Incident to lawful arrestpolice officers may search the area within immediate
The direct questioning of a suspect to gather evidence of criminal activity and try to
gain a confession is called a(n):
a. frisk.
b. interrogation.
c. seizure.
d. interview.
The informal criminal justice process relies on the use of to alleviate pressures from
lack of funding to investigate every crime and increasing caseloads.
a. discretion
b. equal treatment
c. policy-guided decision making
d. statute-defined decision making
oversee small groups of inmates as they perform tasks in the cafeteria, the prison store,
the laundry, and other areas.
a. Block officers
b. Tower guards
c. Work detail supervisors
d. Yard officers
What is the title of the list of cases entered on a court’s calendar and thus scheduled to
be heard by the court?
a. arraignment
b. court calendar
c. docket
d. writ of certiorari
The Fourth Amendment protects against:
a. excessive bail.
b. excessive fines.
c. cruel and unusual punishment.
d. unreasonable searches.
Case 11-2
The state of Florida, like many other states is facing extreme financial problems. The
legislature was called into an emergency session to pass a budget. One of the major
areas of discussion is the state prison system. After hours of debate and discussion, the
lawmakers are not reaching a consensus on how to cut the corrections budget.
Some of the lawmakers are more concerned with the costs of jails than they are of
prisons. They make the argument that almost 13 million people are admitted to jails
over the course of a year nationwide. Other lawmakers claim that jails are different than
prisons and should not be their concern at this time. How are jails different than
prisons?
a. Jails are operated by county and city governments.
b. Jails only house inmates that have been convicted of a crime.
c. Jails house inmates who have sentences than longer than 1 year.
d. Jails offer a wide variety of rehabilitation and educational programs.
The average gang member is years old. a. 17″18
b. 14″15
c. 19″20
d. 21″22
Case 13-2
Jacob was arrested and charged with manslaughter. He is 17 years old and has never
been in trouble with the law. He ended up fighting back against a school bully. The
bully started attacking Jacob and Jacob fought back by throwing a book at the bully’s
head. The book hit the bully causing him to fall to the ground. When he fell to the
ground he hit his head extremely hard and as a result he died. Jacob is concerned that
his case may be transferred to the adult criminal court system.
The judge in the case decides to send Jacob to a secure facility because of the severity
of the charges. After 8 months, Jacob is released early because of good behavior but as
part of his sentence he will serve the remainder of his sentence in a wilderness camp
where he will receive additional treatment. Which residential treatment program would
this wilderness camp be part of?
a. foster care program
b. group home
c. family group home
d. rural programs
A is an explanation of a happening or circumstance that is based on observation,
experimentation, and reasoning.
Explain the pitfalls of discretion.
is fraud committed over the Internet.
Explain the difference between probation and parole.
Reporting regularly to the probation officer is an example of a condition.
Sending an unsolicited e-mail that falsely claims to be from a legitimate organization in
an attempt to acquire sensitive information such as a password is known as .
Explain what “taking the Fifth” really means.
is the process by which the accused and the prosecutor work out a mutually satisfactory
conclusion to the case, subject to court approval.
The basic human necessities that correctional facilities are required by the Constitution
to provide to inmates are
___________________________.
A goal of corrections that focuses on preparing the offender for a return to the
community is ______________.
A form of temporary release in which an inmate is allowed to leave the prison for a
short amount of time is a(n)
__________________________.
Why do most experts believe that the private prison industry will continue to grow?
The Amendment guarantees protection against self-incrimination.
List five standard conditions of parole.
Explain how the doctrine of strict liability applies to criminal law.
The application of computer technology to help find and utilize evidence of cyber
crimes is called .