Case 14-2
Julie joins an online dating website. She plans on meeting men but not for the purpose
of dating them. She already has a boyfriend named James. Julie and James plan to use
the online dating website to commit various crimes against the unsuspecting men who
respond to Julie’s online profile.
Julie eventually meets a man named William for dinner. After they have dinner, William
leaves his credit card and driver’s license on the table to pay for the meal. William
excuses himself to go to the restroom. While William is gone Julie writes down his full
name, driver’s license number, and date of birth. She also writes down the number of
the credit card and the expiration date. When Julie gets home she and her boyfriend
James use William’s information
to open up a credit card in his name. This crime is a(n):
a. cyberfraud.
b. online retail fraud.
c. identity theft.
d. white-collar crime.
The Sixth Amendment guarantees only U.S. Citizens the right to due process.
a.True
bFalse
What is a difference between the adult justice system and the juvenile justice system?
a. Juvenile proceedings must be public.
b. Information must be released to the press in the juvenile system.
c. There is no death penalty for juveniles.
d. The purpose of the juvenile court is punishment.
Morals are principles of right and wrong behavior, as practiced by individuals or by
society.
a. True
b. False
Women are much more likely to be victims of intimate partner violence.
a. True
b. False
Specific deterrence assumes that an individual, after being punished once for a certain
act, will be less likely to repeat that act because she or he does not want to be punished
again.
a. True
b. False
Case 7-2
Barney was sentenced to a term of life in prison after he was found guilty of an armed
home invasion robbery. There are many issues that occurred during his trial that he
wants to appeal. First, he was a juvenile when arrested and charged for the home
invasion robbery. The juvenile judge dismissed the charges against Barney because the
victim stated that Barney was not the offender. The prosecutors decided to file Barney’s
case in the adult criminal court system. This clearly is a violation of the protection
against double jeopardy. Also, Barney was not given an attorney until he was charged as
an adult.
Barney is unsuccessful with his first few appeals. His appellate lawyers determined that
there has been a major injustice in Barney’s case and are determined to take his case all
the way to the U.S. Supreme Court. His lawyers petitioned the U.S. Supreme Court to
issue a(n) , so they will request the lower courts for the record of the case.
a. bill of attainder
b. ex post fact
c. writ of certiorari
d. writ of habeascorpus
Which level of prisons is defined as a “correctional institution designed to allow
inmates, most of whom pose low security risks, a great deal of freedom of movement
and contact with the outside world”?
a. maximum-security prisons
b. medium-security prisons
c. minimum-security prisons
d. supermax prisons
What type of evidence tends to prove or disprove a fact in question?
a. circumstantial
b. prejudicial
c. real
d. relevant
A community-based sanction in which offenders serve their terms of incarceration in
their homes is called:
a. home confinement.
b. intensive supervision probation.
c. pretrial diversion program.
d. shock incarceration.
The high cost of imprisonment has caused policymakers to consider a number of
different methods to reduce the number of people in prison.
a. True
b. False
Case 1-2
Beth was arrested by the San Francisco Police Department for the crime of burglary.
San Francisco is in the state of California. She is charged with a violation of state law.
In the state of California, burglary is a felony.
If the prosecutors decide to file formal charges against Beth, which court will Beth
appear in?
a. the federal district court located in the state of Arizona where Beth resides
b. the federal district court located in the area of California where Beth is alleged to
have committed the crime
c. the state court of Arizona because that is where Beth resides
d. the state court of California because that is where Beth is alleged to have committed
the crime
The Fourth Amendment contains two critical legal concepts: a prohibition against
unreasonable searches and seizures and:
a. a trial by a jury of peers.
b. prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment.
c. requirement of probable cause to make an arrest.
d. requirement of reasonable suspicion to make an arrest.
The Sixth Amendment specifies what the time limits are for a speedy trial.
a. True
b. False
Case 6-1
Detective Collins was conducting an investigation on an individual who was suspected
of being a drug dealer. Detective Collins and his team often used an informant who was
able to provide specific information that the suspect often sold drugs out of his home.
Previous information provided by this informant has proven to be reliable. Detective
Collins also conducted surveillance on the suspect’s home. Detective Collins saw many
people walking up to the window located on the south side of the suspect’s house. The
individuals would walk up to the window and knock three times. Moments later an
individual would open the window and hand something to the individual outside.
If Detective Collins went undercover and approached the window of the suspect’s home
and purchased crack
cocaine, what source of probable cause would this be?
a. personal observation
b. information
c. evidence
d. association
According to the conflict model, different segments of society have different value
systems and shared norms and are engaged in a constant struggle to control society.
a. True
b. False
For the most part the judicial system has refrained from placing restrictions on a police
officer’s ability to make
stops.
a. True
b. False
What is a similarity between the adult justice system and the juvenile justice system?
a. the right to a jury trial
b. hearings must be open to the public
c. proof beyond a reasonable doubt is needed
d. dependents are required to testify
In large police departments, as many as two-thirds of all employees are sworn officers.
a. True
b. False
Truth-in-sentencing laws, in the majority of states, require murderers and other
offenders convicted of serious crime to serve at least of the sentence handed down by
the judge.
a. 60%
b. 75%
c. 85%
d. 100%
Judges are not allowed to depart from the sentences stated in sentencing guidelines.
a. True
b. False
The principles of states that crimes, such as genocide, can be prosecuted by any nation
having custody of the wrongdoer.
a. general jurisdiction
b. subject-matter jurisdiction
c. extradition
d. universal jurisdiction
A law enforcement officer on border patrol does not need a warrant to search vehicles
crossing the border. This exception to the search warrant is referred to as:
a. an automobile search.
b. a border search.
c. a consent search.
d. a hot pursuit search.
Which one is NOT an internal pressure of police officers that causes stress?
a. the need to comply with the law
b. limited opportunities for career and advancement
c. excessive paperwork
d. low wages and benefits
Case 14-2
Julie joins an online dating website. She plans on meeting men but not for the purpose
of dating them. She already has a boyfriend named James. Julie and James plan to use
the online dating website to commit various crimes against the unsuspecting men who
respond to Julie’s online profile.
After his first date with Julie, William expressed to Julie that he wants to continue
seeing her. Julie told William to call her the next day. William called the next day and
left a message for Julie. Julie did not return his phone call. William continued to call
Julie several times a day and send her text messages and e-mails. As Julie continues to
ignore his calls and messages William becomes angry and starts aggressively harassing
her via e-mail and text message. William’s behavior is considered to be:
a. cyberstalking.
b. cyberbullying.
c. phishing.
d. piracy.
The oldest federal law enforcement agency is the:
a. Federal Bureau of Investigation.
b. U.S. Border Patrol.
c. U.S. Marshals.
d. U.S. Secret Service.
High rates of incarceration likely lead to:
a. higher rates of criminal offending.
b. greater democratic participation.
c. increased delinquent behavior among the children of the incarcerated.
d. a decline in the unemployment rate.
Sentence-reduction programs are regularly abused as a “get free out of jail card.”
a. True
b. False
During the pretrial process, the holds a great deal of discretion as to whether an
individual who has been arrested by the police will be charged.
a. defense attorney
b. judge
c. public defender
d. public prosecutor
Each attorney may exercise a limited number of peremptory challenges.
a. True
b. False
Besides the enhancement and stricter enforcement of the nation’s drug laws, what other
reasons are recognized for growth in the incarcerated population? Identify and briefly
discuss each.
A is a court that is operated by the military rather than the criminal justice system and is
presided over by military officers rather than judges.
Someone with low self-control is likely to solve problems with rather than his or her
intellect.
A common strategy of decarceration is the rate of release of nonviolent offenders from
prison.
The primary law enforcement officer in a county is the .
Scared straight programs and boot camps are examples of .
Explain the difference between trial and appellate courts.
A is a form that must be completed by a defendant who pleads guilty in most
jurisdictions. The defendant in this form states that she or he has agreed to the plea
voluntarily and with full comprehension of the consequences.
Overt acts taken by students with the goal of intimidating, harassing, or humiliating
other students is known as
____________________________.
The Fourth Amendment contains a prohibition against searches and seizures.
Explain the categories of “criminal harm.”
corruption is knowing misconduct by a police officer with the goal of
attaining what the officer believes is a “just” result.
Explain under which circumstances intoxication can be a valid defense. Give an
example.
Discuss sentencing options for judges other than probation and imprisonment.
The _____________________ exception was created in the case Nixv. Williams (1984).
is the body of law enacted by legislative bodies.
List the reasons for the high victimization rates among persons with mental illnesses.
List the four tiers of the typical state court system.
Discuss social process theories. Include descriptions of two particular theories found
within this school of criminology.