Osama bin Laden’s al Qaeda group has its origins in:
a. Iraq.
b. Saudi Arabia.
c. Afghanistan.
d. Pakistan.
A(n) witness is one who can truthfully and accurately testify on a fact in question
without having specialized training or knowledge.
a. expert
b. lay
c. specialized
d. technical
The is the supreme law of the land, and as such is the basis of all law in the United
States.
a. Declaration of Independence
b. U.S. Penal Code
c. U.S. Constitution
d. Case law of the U.S. Supreme Court
Drug courts, juvenile courts, domestic courts, and elder courts are all examples of:
a. municipal courts.
b. probate courts.
c. specialty courts.
d. trial courts of general jurisdiction.
Websites that provide sex offender registry information are considered a form of
passive notification.
a. True
b. False
A Miranda warning is not needed when police are asking “routine” questions such as
name and address.
a. True
b. False
Case 14-1
Bobby was born and raised in the United States. At the age of 16 he converted from
Christianity to become a Muslim. At first his parents were not concerned as they wanted
him to practice the religion of his choice. After Bobby returned home from a trip to the
Middle East, his parents became very concerned about his extreme religious beliefs.
Bobby’s parents went through his belongings, including his computer, when he was
meeting with his religious advisors one evening. They became alarmed because they
found bomb-making training manuals and communications with people in the Middle
East who appeared to be terrorists.
What law allows the government to monitor and possibly apprehend Bobby if he is
determined to be a suspected terrorist?
a. Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act
b. Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act
c. Homeland Security Act
d. Patriot Act
Police departments are only using DNA to solve murders and rapes.
a. True
b. False
In the federal court system, there are nine U.S. courts of appeals.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons cited for the growth in incarcerated
populations?
a. federal prison growth
b. increased probability of incarceration
c. inmates serving more time for each crime
d. private prisons
Case 9-1
Jeremy has just been found guilty by a jury for the crimes of robbery, aggravated
assault, and obstruction of justice. Jeremy has an extensive criminal history. He was
previously in prison for burglary and possession of illegal drugs. When he was arrested
for these new crimes of robbery, aggravated assault, and obstruction of justice, he was
on probation for stealing a vehicle.
The judge in this case picked the most severe punishment that the law would require
because he felt that there were many circumstances surrounding Jeremy’s present crime
that justify a harsher sentence. These circumstances are referred to as:
a. aggravating circumstances.
b. capital circumstances.
c. mitigating circumstances.
d. truth-in-sentencing circumstances.
In the police academy, officers are taught:
a. the laws of search, seizure, arrest, and interrogation.
b. how and when to use weapons.
c. self-defense.
d. the informal rules of policing.
Drug use has been shown to be a strong risk factor for which category of juveniles?
a. African Americans
b. females
c. males
d. Whites
All individuals are at equal risk of being victimized by crime.
a. True
b. False
Protection against double jeopardy is contained within the Fifth Amendment.
a. True
b. False
Case 5-1
Officer Richards was driving his beat when he saw a man running down the street at the
same time that he received a radio dispatch that a convenience store was robbed and the
cashier shot. Officer Richard jumps out of his car and chases the man down. He arrested
the man because he believed this was the man that just committed an armed robbery at
the local convenience store. In the robbery, the cashier was shot three times. There were
also bullet holes in the wall. When arresting the suspect, Officer Richards did not find a
gun on the suspect’s person.
Crime scene investigators will also study the ballistics at the crime scene. Ballistics is:
a. the study of firearms, including the weapon and the flight of the bullet.
b. the identification of a person based on a sample of her or his DNA.
c. the comparison of the number of crimes cleared compared to the number of crimes
committed.
d. the time that passed between the call to report the robbery and when police arrived on
the scene.
The efforts of the child savers culminated with the passage of the Illinois Juvenile Court
Act in . a. 1825
b. 1899
c. 1911
d. 1930
Some police departments now use Twitter to learn about job applicants.
a. True
b. False
An election where a political party, such as the Republicans or Democrats, openly
support a candidate for a judgeship is known as a(n):
a. nonpartisan election.
b. open election.
c. partisan election.
d. primary election.
The lowest tier of the federal court system is the:
a. county court.
b. U.S. court of appeals.
c. municipal court,.
d. U.S. district court.
The Supreme Court unanimously held that “any person brought to court, who is too
poor to hire a lawyer, cannot be assured a fair trial unless counsel is provided for him.”
This case was:
a. Furmanv.Georgia.
b. Gideonv.Wainwright.
c. Stricklandv.Washington.
d. UnitedStatesv.Zolin.
Probation is the least common form of punishment in the United States.
a. True
b. False
It is possible for a person to waive his or her Sixth Amendment right to an attorney and
act as his or her own defense attorney.
a. True
b. False
Different societies can have vastly different ideas of what constitutes criminal behavior.
a. True
b. False
The presentence investigative report is compiled by the prosecutor.
a. True
b. False
The clerk of the court has an exhausting list of responsibilities, including recording
every word that is said in the courtroom.
a. True
b. False
The federal Environmental Protection Agencies regulations are examples of:
a. constitutional law.
b. statutory law.
c. administrative law.
d. case law.
Heroin is the most often used drug in the United States.
a. True
b. False
Mayor Smith asks Chief Gomez how crime rates have changed since he became the
chief of police in 1990. Which of the following statements is most likely to be true of
crime trends in Anytown, USA if they are the same as national crime trends?
a. Total crime rates dropped in Anytown, USA from 1990 to 2000.
b. Total crime rates increased in Anytown, USA from 1990 to 2000.
c. The homicide rate dropped but the burglary rate increased from 1990 to 2000.
d. The burglary rate dropped but the auto theft rate increased from 1990 to 2000.
During the community era of policing, the strategic goal was to:
a. enforce the law.
b. control crime.
c. improve the quality of life.
d. satisfy the needs of citizens and political bosses.
The right to be free from unreasonable search and seizure is contained within the Fifth
Amendment to the Constitution.
a. True
b. False
A(n) is the process of seeking a higher court’s review of a lower court’s decision for the
purpose of correcting or changing the lower court’s judgment or decision.
a. appeal
b. deliberation
c. disposition
d. retrial
Define and illustrate indeterminate sentencing, determinate sentencing and
truth-in-sentencing laws as structures of sentencing.
Discuss how race, ethnicity, and poverty are related to crime.
Offenses punishable by 30 days to a year in jail are .
In , the Supreme Court ruled that overcrowding, excessive noise, inadequate heating,
and unsanitary bathrooms were not cruel and unusual.
Describe the two most common models of how society determines which acts are
criminal.
When an offense is committed in the presence of a police officer, the officer may make
a
__________________________________.
List five types of community corrections for jail inmates.
A failure to exercise the standard of care that a reasonable person would exercise in
similar circumstances is
____________________.
During the , the juvenile court determines whether there is sufficient evidence to
support the initial petition.
Individuals who cannot post bail after arrest and are therefore forced to spend the time
prior to their trial incarcerated in jail are known as .
established that recorded conversations are inadmissible as evidence unless certain
procedures are followed.
A doctrine that holds that the state has a responsibility to look after the well-being of
children and to assume the role of parent if necessary is
__________________________.
Explain the roles and responsibilities of judges before the trial.
With the advent of the Internet, child pornography became much easier to disseminate.
Explain the three reasons for this development.
spend their entire shifts in isolated, silent posts high above the grounds of the facility
using walkie-talkies to communicate.
_________is behavior that is considered to go against the norms established by society.
“An early release from a correctional facility, in which the convicted offender is given
the chance to spend the remainder of her or his sentence under supervision in the
community.” This is the basic definition of __________.
Explain what the “public safety exception” is with regard to the Miranda warning.