Case law relies on how courts interpret a statute.
a. True
b. False
What level of law enforcement divides duties between counties and municipalities?
a. federal
b. local
c. national
d. state
In the current criminal justice system, each party involved in a courtroom dispute has an
equal chance to present its case and is secure in the belief that no outside factors are
going to influence the decision rendered by the court.
a. True
b. False
In , the U.S. Supreme Court did not rule that the death penalty inherently violated the
Eighth Amendment’s protection against cruel and unusual punishment or the Fourteenth
Amendment’s guarantee of due process, only that it did so as practiced by the states.
a. Atkinsv.Virginia
b. Furmanv.Georgia
c. Greggv.Georgia
d. Roperv.Simmons
Case 10-1
Scott is a 24-year-old high school dropout. He has been in and out of trouble with the
law since he was a teenager, committing mostly public nuisance offenses such as
disorderly conduct and public intoxication. His girlfriend just broke up with him
because he had no ambition in his life and she did not want to take care of him. She
threw him out of her apartment. Scott just agreed to plead guilty for the crime of
burglary after he broke into his exgirlfriend’s car to steal the change that she keeps in
the cup-holder.
The parties finally agree and Scott is sentenced to 3 years of probation with no jail time.
The judge informs Scott at his sentencing that he must meet all the required conditions
of his probation. These conditions include refraining from all criminal activity, staying
employed, attending all required meetings with his probation officer, and reporting all
address changes. Failing to report a change of address would be considered a(n):
a. extralegal violation.
b. legal violation.
c. standard violation.
d. technical violation.
What type of sentencing law requires that murderers and others convicted of serious
crimes complete a certain percentage of their sentences with no time off for good
behavior?
a. determinate sentencing laws
b. indeterminate sentencing laws
c. mandatory sentencing laws
d. truth-in-sentencing laws
Which of the following is a reason for continued growth in the field of private security?
a. the war on drugs and the resulting increase in gang violence
b. the creation of federal regulations governing the security field
c. an economic upswing
d. concern over a terrorist attack
tThe term “clearance rate” refers to:
a. the percentage of reported crimes.
b. the percentage of crimes that result in arrest and prosecution.
c. the percentage of crimes that result in a criminal conviction.
d. the percentage of stolen goods that are returned to victims of crime.
Police presence has shown a clear deterrent effect.
a. True
b. False
Case 5-2
Officer Torres is new to the police force. She was the top of her class in the police
academy and received positive feedback from her field training officer. She has been on
the job for approximately 1 year and has soon realized that working as a police officer
is very different from what they learned in the police academy.
Officer Torres’ fellow officers are very secretive with outsiders about the police
department and generally mistrust
the outside world. This is known as the:
a. blue curtain.
b. green curtain.
c. red curtain.
d. yellow curtain.
The Customs and Border Protection agency focuses almost exclusively on the nation’s
borders.
a. True
b. False
The ideal probation officer-offender relationship is based on supervision and authority.
a. True
b. False
The Miranda warning is designed to ensure a suspect’s Fifth Amendment protection
against selfincrimination.
a. True
b. False
The Fourteenth Amendment is an example of a(n):
a. constitutional law.
b. statutory law.
c. administrative law.
d. case law.
What are the two components of police officer training?
a. field training and probationary period
b. police academy and field training
c. police academy and antiterrorism training
d. field training and antiterrorism training
In , the U.S. Supreme Court set the limits for the use of deadly force by law
enforcement officers.
a. Mirandav.Arizona(1966)
b. Tennesseev.Garner(1985)
c. Grahamv.Connor(1989)
d. Roviarov.UnitedStates(1957)
Minorities are better represented than women in policing.
a. True
b. False
By definition, a total institution is an institution that provides all of the necessities for
existence to those who live within its boundaries.
a. True
b. False
Case 7-2
Barney was sentenced to a term of life in prison after he was found guilty of an armed
home invasion robbery. There are many issues that occurred during his trial that he
wants to appeal. First, he was a juvenile when arrested and charged for the home
invasion robbery. The juvenile judge dismissed the charges against Barney because the
victim stated that Barney was not the offender. The prosecutors decided to file Barney’s
case in the adult criminal court system. This clearly is a violation of the protection
against double jeopardy. Also, Barney was not given an attorney until he was charged as
an adult.
After Barney’s conviction in the state’s trial court of general jurisdiction, where would
Barney most likely file his
first appeal?
a. U.S. district courts
b. U.S. courts of appeals
c. intermediate appellate courts
d. state supreme court
What is the most important factor in deciding whether to prosecute?
a. the prosecutor’s belief in the defendant’s guilt
b. the reliability of victims
c. whether sufficient evidence exists to gain a conviction
d. whether or not the victim is willing to cooperate
Who are the officers who are responsible for staying alert for breaches in prison
discipline or regulations in the relatively unstructured environment of the prison yard?
a. Block officers
b. Industrial shop and school officers
c. Tower guards
d. Yard officers
To whom is the appeals process available?
a. defense
b. judge
c. jury
d. prosecutor
In the courtroom workgroup, who is responsible for recording every word that is said
during the course of trial?
a. bailiff
b. clerk of court
c. court reporter
d. prosecutor
A policing philosophy that moves beyond responding to incidents and attempts to solve
the root causes of criminal behavior is:
a. problem-oriented policing.
b. community policing.
c. incident-driving policing.
d. proactive policing.
A sum of money paid in compensation for damages done to the victim is:
a. a fine.
b. community service.
c. restitution.
d. bond.
Case 4-1
Sara is 18 and she just graduated from high school. She is thinking about her future and
is deciding to either apply to her local college to study sociology or to apply to the local
police department to start working as a police officer.
Sara calls the police department and inquires about working for the police department.
Sara asks the recruiter about the basic responsibilities of the police. Which would Sara
say police are not responsible for?
a. creating laws
b. enforcing laws
c. providing services
d. preserving the peace
Legislative time limits that require prosecutors to charge a defendant with a crime
within a certain amount of time after the illegal act took place are called:
a. discovery.
b. nolleprosequi.
c. statutes of acquittal.
d. statutes of limitations.
The child savers believed that juvenile offenders required treatment, not punishment.
a. True
b. False
are offenses punishable by 30 days to a year in jail.
a. Gross misdemeanors
b. Third degree felonies
c. Violations
d. Petty misdemeanors
On successful completion of a drug court program, the offender is usually rewarded by:
a. having all charges against him or her dropped.
b. spending a limited time in jail.
c. spending a limited time in prison.
d. spending a limited time on probation.
Discretion is defined as the ability to make operational decisions based on:
a. the law.
b. personal judgment.
c. trust.
d. rational thinking.
Not every offender is eligible for , especially someone who was convicted on multiple
charges or who seriously injured the victim.
Discuss the most important excuse defenses.
List and discuss John Irwin’s four categories of inmate behavior.
________________are those officers authorized to make arrests and use force.
Identify five issues that prisoners face when they reenter society.
Discuss the challenges women face when they choose a career in law enforcement.
The __________________ Act provides victims the right to be reasonably heard during
the sentencing process.
Identify and discuss the five steps of the appeals process in the criminal trial procedure.
Organized activities for inmates that are designed to improve their physical and mental
health, provide them with skills, or simply keep them busy while incarcerated are .
A community-based form of early release that places inmates in residential centers and
allows them to reintegrate with society is a(n) ___________________________.
Explain what discretion is and how it creates two different criminal justice systems.
arrests occur when the police take the initiative to target a particular type of criminal
behavior.
Describe the child-saving movement and its relationship to the doctrine of parens
patriae.
List and explain the four basic responsibilities of police. Which of the four do you
believe is the most critical and why?
A is a stipulation in sentencing guidelines that allows a judge to adjust his or her
sentencing decision based on the special circumstances of a particular case.
Explain why experts believe that the September 11 attacks have effectively ended the
community era of policing.