Supreme Court Justices may write concurring opinions, outlining the reason why they
feel the majority’s decision
erred.
a. True
b. False
Robbery is considered a violent crime.
a. True
b. False
The unwritten judicial policy that favors noninterference by the courts in the
administration of prisons and jails is the:
a. hands-off doctrine.
b. laissez-faire doctrine.
c. judicial reprieve.
d. penal authority doctrine.
Which of the following is NOT a decision that is in the discretion of correctional
officials?
a. assign convicts appropriate housing in prison or jail
b. impose sentences
c. punish prisoners who misbehave
d. reward prisoners who behave well
Which of the following is NOT one of the mitigating circumstances that will prevent a
defendant found guilty of first degree murder from receiving the death penalty?
a. age
b. insanity
c. mental handicap
d. physical handicap
Case 4-2
Jorge has been a police officer in the city of Tulsa, Oklahoma for 10 years. He is
thinking about transitioning over into a federal law enforcement agency because he
does not believe that he will be promoted any time soon. He goes online to research the
different federal law enforcement agencies.
Jorge is told by his chief of police to research the Department of Homeland Security as
they are actively hiring because of the recent war on terror. Which agency would not be
part of the Department of Homeland Security?
a. U.S. Customs and Border Protection
b. U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
c. Federal Bureau of Investigations
d. U.S. Secret Service
Rational choice theorists believe the best way to deter crime is to:
a. increase the severity of the punishment for offending.
b. provide counseling and treatment for those individuals at risk for offending.
c. establish programs to strengthen communities.
d. divert juvenile offenders from the criminal justice system.
The The U.S. Supreme Court will not issue a writ of certiorariunless at least justices
approve of it.
a. 2
b. 4
c. 6
d. 9
A database containing the DNA of more than 4.5 million people is:
a. CODIS.
b. AFIS.
c. IBIS.
d. NCVS.
The Quakers’ ideals were:
a. humanity and restitution.
b. restitution and incarceration.
c. humanity and rehabilitation.
d. retribution and deterrence.
Which of the following is NOTa basic element of corpusdelicti?
a. actusreus
b. malainse
c. mensrea
d. concurrence, or coming together of the criminal act and guilty mind
In Weemsv.UnitedStates, the Supreme Court ruled that:
a. what is cruel and unusual is defined by the changing norms of society.
b. the death penalty is arbitrary.
c. age is a mitigating circumstance when assigning the death penalty.
d. capital punishment is constitutional.
The Supreme Court made it very difficult to prove discriminatory intent in capital
punishment based on statistics alone in:
a. McCleskeyv.Kemp.
b. Atkinsv.Virginia.
c. Roperv.Simmons.
d. Furmanv.Georgia.
Skipping school is considered a status offense.
a. True
b. False
Field training includes learning only the formal rules of policing.
a. True
b. False
The burden of probable cause requires more than the mere suspicion on a police
officer’s part.
a. True
b. False
Officer-initiated activities account for the least amount of time.
a. True
b. False
Case 10-1
Scott is a 24-year-old high school dropout. He has been in and out of trouble with the
law since he was a teenager, committing mostly public nuisance offenses such as
disorderly conduct and public intoxication. His girlfriend just broke up with him
because he had no ambition in his life and she did not want to take care of him. She
threw him out of her apartment. Scott just agreed to plead guilty for the crime of
burglary after he broke into his exgirlfriend’s car to steal the change that she keeps in
the cup-holder.
The prosecutor in this case is adamant that Scott serve some jail time. In the plea
discussions, the prosecutor suggests that Scott agree to spend 90 days in jail and then he
will automatically serve a 2-year probation sentence. This suggested sentence is known
as:
a. boot camp.
b. shock incarceration.
c. shock probation.
d. suspended sentence.
Which of the following is NOT one of the components in the integrated definition of
crime?
a. punishable under criminal law, as determined by the majority of a society or, in some
cases, a powerful minority
b. considered an offense against society as a whole and prosecuted by public officials,
not by victims and their relatives or friends
c. punishable by statutorily determined sanctions that bring about the loss of personal
freedom or life
d. considered an offense against an individual, but prosecuted by the state who is paid
by the victim
Which crime is most often committed by juveniles?
a. robbery
b. weapons crimes
c. property crimes
d. assault
The national population of juvenile inmates increased between 2008 and 2010.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is NOT a judicial disposition?
a. imprisonment
b. fines
c. parole
d. probation
Case 13-2
Jacob was arrested and charged with manslaughter. He is 17 years old and has never
been in trouble with the law. He ended up fighting back against a school bully. The
bully started attacking Jacob and Jacob fought back by throwing a book at the bully’s
head. The book hit the bully causing him to fall to the ground. When he fell to the
ground he hit his head extremely hard and as a result he died. Jacob is concerned that
his case may be transferred to the adult criminal court system.
In which way would Jacob’s experience be different if his case is transferred to the adult
system?
a. Jacob would have to be Mirandized only in the adult system.
b. Jacob’s defense attorney would play a different role in the adult system.
c. Jacob would only have the right to a hearing in the adult system.
d. Jacob’s court proceedings would be open to the public in the adult system.
Case 6-1
Detective Collins was conducting an investigation on an individual who was suspected
of being a drug dealer. Detective Collins and his team often used an informant who was
able to provide specific information that the suspect often sold drugs out of his home.
Previous information provided by this informant has proven to be reliable. Detective
Collins also conducted surveillance on the suspect’s home. Detective Collins saw many
people walking up to the window located on the south side of the suspect’s house. The
individuals would walk up to the window and knock three times. Moments later an
individual would open the window and hand something to the individual outside.
With the information received from the informant and his undercover operation and
surveillance of the suspect, Detective Collins believed that he established probable
cause, which meant that he would now be able to obtain an arrest warrant. Who is the
only individual that can issue an arrest warrant?
a. chief of police
b. detective
c. judge or magistrate
d. prosecutor
In most police departments the police responsibilities are divided according to zones as
well as by time.
a. True
b. False
In which case did the Supreme Court hold that the Fifth Amendment’s double jeopardy
clause prevents a juvenile from being tried in adult court for a crime that has already
been adjudicated in a juvenile court?
a. Breedv.Jones
b. InreGault
c. Kentv.UnitedStates
d. McKeiverv.Pennsylvania
Like municipal police officers, private security officers have arrest powers.
a. True
b. False
Statutes that require lengthy prison sentences for those who are convicted of multiple
felonies are:
a. mandatory sentences.
b. habitual offender laws.
c. truth-in-sentencing laws.
d. determinate sentencing.
There are seven Part II offenses listed in the UCR.
a. True
b. False
What is the ultimate goal of a bureaucratic organization, such as a police department?
a. administration development
b. efficiency
c. low employee turnover
d. work satisfaction for the employee
Which of the following cases sets the standard for consent searches?
a. Carrollv.UnitedStates
b. Chimelv.California
c. Mappv.Ohio
d. Schnecklothv.Bustamonte
refers to a standard for establishing a violation of an inmate’s Eighth Amendment rights,
requiring that prison officials were aware of harmful conditions in a correctional
institution and failed to take steps to remedy those conditions.
Criminologists believe that first-time illegal drug users go through a in taking up the
habit.
Explain the different functions of the court.
Officers are in when they are chasing a person they have probable cause to believe
committed a crime, and that person enters a building.
List and discuss the six different main categories of crime.
The criminal justice system relies on the discretion of individuals to offset the rigidity
of criminal
statutes and procedural rules.
During intake, an officer of the juvenile court, usually a , but sometimes a judge, must
decide what to do with the offender.
List and discuss the four categories of items that can be seized by use of a search
warrant.
A is a network of computers that have been appropriated without the knowledge of their
owners and used to spread harmful programs via the Internet.
is the most common correctional treatment.
Explain what an ethical dilemma is and name four categories of ethical dilemmas
typically faced by police officers.
Explain what a “pretextual stop” is.
Discuss the justification defenses of duress, self-defense, necessity, and entrapment.
Describe a situation in which each defense may be used.
Written statements by the judges expressing the reasons for the court’s decision in a
case are commonly known as
____________________.
List and explain the four elements that are needed for a police officer to make an arrest.
The is the separate but interrelated court system of the United States, made up of the
courts at the national level and the courts at the state level.