A(n) is a situation that requires extralegal or exceptional actions by the police. In these
circumstances, police officers are justified in not following procedural rules, such as
those pertaining to search and arrest warrants.
a. exclusionary circumstance
b. exigent circumstance
c. rare circumstance
d. reasonable circumstance
What kind of search takes place when an individual gives law enforcement permission
to search their persons, homes, or belongings?
a. an automobile search
b. a consent search
c. a search incident to arrest
d. a search within plain view
During this hearing, the probation agency presents evidence to support its claim of
violation, and the probationer can attempt to refute this evidence.
a. preliminary hearing
b. revocation hearing
c. preliminary sentencing
d. revocation sentencing
Peter believes that his crime was justified because his girlfriend deceived him when she
told him she was 19. What legal justification defense does Peter possibly have?
a. duress
b. entrapment
c. necessity
d. none of these
What is the ability to make operational decisions based on personal judgment instead of
formal rules?
a. discretion
b. ethics
c. justice
d. morals
Case 7-1
Jack was arrested for the serious crime of robbery by the local police department. When
police searched Jack incident to arrest, they found a small amount of heroin and a
needle used for injecting heroin. Jack is also homeless. He has no family and no means
to support himself, except committing crime. He commits crime in order to support his
drug habit.
After the police arrested Jack, they brought him to the county jail to be booked. Who is
responsible for deciding whether he will be charged with a crime?
a. attorney general
b. defense attorney
c. judge
d. prosecutor
The oldest and most common justification for punishing someone is incapacitation.
a. True
b. False
Gambling is considered to be a white-collar crime.
a. True
b. False
The socialization process through which a new inmate learns the accepted norms and
values of the prison population is called:
a. gleaning.
b. prisonization.
c. institutionalization.
d. immersion.
A strategy to keep those offenders who qualify away from prison and jail and toward
community-based and intermediate sanctions is:
a. deterrence.
b. diversion.
c. incapacitation.
d. reintegration.
A common law test of criminal responsibility that relies on the defendant’s inability to
distinguish right from wrong is the:
a. Durham rule.
b. irresistible-impulse test
c. M”Naghten rule.
d. substantial capacity test.
Scared straight and boot camp are two forms of .
a. home confinement
b. intensive supervision probation
c. pretrial diversion programming
d. shock incarceration
Once the court system convicts and sentences an offender, she or he is delegated to the
system.
a. corrections
b. management
c. supervision
d. treatment
Discuss the supervisory role of the probation officer, his or her use of authority, and the
caseload dilemma.
What is the school of criminology that is often associated with a critique of our
capitalist economic system?
a. Labeling
b. social conflict
c. social disorganization
d. social process
The of 1978 allowed for surveillance of a suspect without a warrant as long as the
“primary purpose” of the surveillance was to investigate foreign spying and not to
engage in criminal law enforcement.
a. Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act
b. Patriot Act
c. Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act
d. Surveillance Enforcement Act
Justice is an easy concept to define.
a. True
b. False
In ________________ (2010), the Court held that juveniles who commit crimes that do
not involve murder may not be sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of
parole.
a. Kentv.UnitedStates
b. Grahamv.Florida
c. InreWinship
d. Roperv.Simmons
Bail is provided for under the Sixth Amendment.
a. True
b. False
Since its inception in 1930, the has attempted to measure the overall rate of crime in the
United States by organizing “crimes known to the police.”
a. National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)
b. National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS)
c. self-reported survey
d. Uniform Crime Report (UCR)
In order to obtain a search warrant, a police officer must generally provide specific
information on the premises to be searched, the illegal activity taking place, the items to
be seized, and:
a. preponderance of the evidence.
b. probable cause.
c. proof beyond a reasonable doubt.
d. reasonable suspicion.
What is also known as “influence peddling” and occurs in the business world when
somebody within a company sells
influence, power, or information to a person outside the company who can benefit?
a. bribery
b. embezzlement
c. consumer fraud
d. tax evasion
Conditions such as fines, restitution, and drug testing are considered standard
conditions of probation.
a. True
b. False
Police officers are not required to tell suspects undergoing custodial interrogation that
their attorney is trying to
reach them.
a. True
b. False
In which case did the Supreme Court rule that minor injuries suffered by a convict at
the hands of a correctional officer following an argument did violate the inmate’s rights,
because there was no security concern at the time of the incident?
a. Cooperv.Pate
b. Hudsonv.McMillan
c. Whitleyv.Albers
d. Wolffv.McDonnell
Terrorists have evolved into , free of control by or allegiance to any nation, and use
violence to further political goals.
a. nonstate actors
b. enemy combatants
c. unlawful combatants
d. al Qaeda
The first stage of juvenile pretrial procedures is:
a. intake.
b. diversion.
c. waiver.
d. detention.
The U.S. Supreme Court consists of justices.
a. 7
b. 8
c. 9
d. 10
Police powers allow states to enact laws necessary to protect the of their citizens.
a. health
b. morals
c. safety
d. all of these
Which agency is considered to be the primary federal law enforcement agency in the
United States?
a. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF)
b. Department of Justice (DOJ)
c. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)
d. Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI)
The infliction of physical or emotional damage on a child without any plausible
explanation, such as an accident, is referred to as:
a. child abuse.
b. child endangerment.
c. child maltreatment.
d. child mistreatment.
What is the burden of proof necessary to win a civil trial?
a. clear and convincing evidence
b. probable cause
c. preponderance of evidence
d. proof beyond a reasonable doubt
is anything that is used to prove the existence or nonexistence of a fact.
Compare and contrast the Pennsylvania and the New York penitentiary theories.
Judges can grant to the attorneys, which is additional time to prepare for the trial.
Justice is the quality of that must exist in the processes designed to determine whether
individuals are guilty of criminal wrongdoing.
Few departments will accept candidates older than years of age.
Challenges to remove potential jurors from the pool that are limited in number are .
have the power to bring the resources of the state against the individual, and they hold
the legal keys to meting out or withholding punishment.
Discuss trends of age and mental illness among prison inmates and how this affects the
administration of prisons.
Once the court system convicts and sentences an offender, he or she is delegated to the
system.
Why do victims often have mixed feelings about plea bargains?
At the present time, there are judicial districts.
What is jurisdiction? Explain briefly the difference between geographic and
subject-matter jurisdiction.
How are white-collar crimes different from violent or property crime?
Discuss the reformers/Progressives and their impact on corrections.
are situations that require extralegal or exceptional actions by the police.
Discuss restorative justice.