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A dual court system means that there are:
a. local and state courts.
b. trial and appellate courts.
c. federal and state courts.
d. misdemeanor and felony courts.
Case 3-1
Johnny and Martin are in a bar drinking beer and talking. Sharon walks in and starts
talking to Johnny. Martin gets jealous because he was engaged to be married to Sharon
and they only recently broke up. Martin gets so mad that he starts to yell at Johnny. He
then swings at Johnny and misses. Martin falls to the ground and passes out. Johnny
gets so mad that he stabs Martin in the back and kills him.
What standard of proof would be required in the above case?
a. beyond a reasonable doubt
b. preponderance of the evidence
c. beyond a shadow of a doubt
d. clear and convincing evidence
Which of the following is NOT one of the struggles or exertions (jihad) required of the
Muslim faith?
a. the struggle against modernization
b. the struggle against evil in oneself
c. the struggle against nonbelievers
d. the struggle against evil outside of oneself
Why does a supermax prison work toward strict control of an inmates' movement
within the facility?
a. to allow for individual repentance with a religious leader
b. to care for the inmate at an individual level
c. to limit situations that could lead to breakdowns in discipline
d. to provide individual treatment opportunities
Efforts being made to help inmates make the transition from prison to the "outside" are
included under the concept of:
a. parole.
b. pardons.
c. prisoner reentry.
d. prisoner rehabilitation.
Counties and municipalities control , while are the domain of federal and state
governments.
a. police; corrections
b. jails; prisons
c. police; courts
d. probation; prisons
The first goal of policing is to provide services to the community that are not crime
related.
a. True
b. False
Case 6-1
Detective Collins was conducting an investigation on an individual who was suspected
of being a drug dealer. Detective Collins and his team often used an informant who was
able to provide specific information that the suspect often sold drugs out of his home.
Previous information provided by this informant has proven to be reliable. Detective
Collins also conducted surveillance on the suspect's home. Detective Collins saw many
people walking up to the window located on the south side of the suspect's house. The
individuals would walk up to the window and knock three times. Moments later an
individual would open the window and hand something to the individual outside.
Detective Collins and his team, with their arrest warrant, went to the suspect Jack's
home. They knocked on the door. Jack was not home but when the suspect's brother,
Tom, opened the door, he let them into the home. Detective Collins and his team asked
if they could look around for the suspect. Tom said it was fine for the officers to look
around the home. Soon after, Detective Collins found approximately 100 crack rocks on
the table next to a window in one of the bedrooms. Which exception to the search
warrant requirement allowed Detective Collins to seize the crack cocaine?
a. incident to a lawful arrest
b. consent
c. stop and frisk
d. hot pursuit
Which of the following is an example of intellectual property?
a. books
b. films
c. music
d. all of these
Case 12-1
Matthew is the newest inmate to a maximum-security institution. He was sentenced to
serve 20 years for the crime of armed robbery and attempted manslaughter. Matthew is
anxious about going to prison. This is the first time he will serve time in prison. In the
past he has only served short jail terms.
In his communication with other inmates they ask him about his crime. They are
particularly concerned if he is a
child molester. Matthew then learns that the word for "child molester" in the inmate
language is a(n):
a. base head.
b. bug.
c. diddler.
d. lugger.
Any criminal activity occurring via a computer in the virtual community of the Internet
is a:
a. cybercrime.
b. white-collar crime.
c. property crime.
d. computer crime.
A opinion is a separate opinion prepared by judges who support the decision of the
majority of the court but who want to express their own particular reasoning.
a. concurring
b. dissenting
c. ducestecum
d. writ of certiorari
Case 3-2
Mr. Thomas is a criminal defense attorney. Peter contacts Mr. Thomas and tells him that
he thinks he may have committed a crime but he is not sure. Mr. Thomas asks Peter a
few questions but Peter refuses to answer any questions over the phone. Mr. Thomas
tells Peter to come to his office for a consultation and he will provide legal advice if
Peter decides to retain Mr. Thomas as his attorney.
After speaking with Peter for some time, Mr. Thomas believes that something is wrong
with Peter. Mr. Thomas believes that Peter is either slightly mentally retarded or
possibly mentally ill. He thinks that if Peter is charged with a crime the court will need
to conduct a hearing to determine whether Peter is mentally well enough to understand
the charges filed against him. What type of hearing is this?
a. arraignment
b. competency
c. preliminary
d. sentencing
The bar against double jeopardy does not preclude a victim from bringing a civil suit
against the same person to recover damages.
a. True
b. False
Society is static and its concept of criminality remains the same.
a. True
b. False
In ______________ (2012), the U.S. Supreme Court found that the government had
"physically occupied" private
property via a GPS device over a prolonged period of time.
a. UnitedStatesv.Jones
b. Floridav.Jardines
c. Katzv.UnitedStates
d. Californiav.Greenwood
Inmates who take advantage of prison resources, such as libraries or drug treatment
programs, by are working to improve themselves to prepare for a return to society.
a. being disorganized criminals
b. doing time
c. gleaning
d. jailing
Which of the following will likely decrease the ability of police to combat gangs, guns,
and illegal drugs?
a. budget crisis
b. discretion
c. citizen oversight
d. expansion of constitutional rights of suspects
The single factor that most distinguishes female prisoners from their male counterparts
is:
a. age.
b. a history of physical or sexual abuse.
c. a lengthy criminal history.
d. race or ethnicity.
Discuss the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 (AEDPA). Why is
the AEDPA such an important legal tool against terrorists?
Eventually, the penitentiary at Walnut Street succumbed to the same problems that
continue to plague institutions of confinement. What were these problems?
a. excessive costs and overcrowding
b. excessive costs and intruding politics
c. intruding politics and overcrowding
d. overcrowding and violence
In which case was the U.S. Supreme Court concerned with the execution of mentally
handicapped criminals?
a. Atkinsv.Virginia
b. Furmanv.Georgia
c. Greggv.Georgia
d. Roperv.Simmons
The is ultimately responsible for the operation of the prison.
a. sheriff
b. attorney general
c. warden
d. chief correctional officer
"If I leave my house early then I will never miss the bus." This is an example of a(n):
a. theory.
b. hypothesis.
c. observation.
d. verification.
Prior to the 1970s, the courts applied the "handsoff" doctrine to prisoner law.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is NOT one of the investigative priorities of the FBI?
a. cyber crime
b. human trafficking
c. civil rights violations
d. terrorism
In very personal crimes like rape and assault, victims and relatives are able to prosecute
the offender instead of public officials.
a. True
b. False
About half of all the adult felony cases brought to prosecutors by the police are
dismissed through a nolle prosequi.
a. True
b. False
Incarceration rates have increased dramatically, particularly due to:
a. terrorism.
b. harsher penalties for sex offenders.
c. the war on drugs.
d. the increasing number of juveniles tried and incarcerated as adults.
This form of due process requires laws to be carried out in a fair and orderly manner.
a. legislative due process
b. procedural due process
c. relative due process
d. substantive due process
Discuss the arguments for and against the use of victim impact statements during
sentencing hearings.
What are the benefits of privatizing prisons? What are the potential drawbacks?
The was/were greatly responsible for the spread of indeterminate sentences, probation,
community sanctions, and parole in the first half of the twentieth century.
The two major branches of social process theory are learning theory and theory.
Feelings of frustration and mistrust toward civilians are part of the .
Discuss the differences between civil law and criminal law.
is reserved normally for those who commit first degree murder.
Compare substantive due process with procedural due process.
refers to acts that are considered crimes only because they have been codified as such
through statute.
Discuss the difference between a hypothesis and a theory in the context of criminology.
Why is the scientific method an important part of criminology?
The practice of targeting people for police stops based solely on their race, ethnicity, or
national origin is
___________________.
Foster care programs, group homes, and rural programs are examples of
_________________________________.
have been used since the early 1970s to try to increase the diversity of employees.
If unable to post bail with cash or property, a defendant may arrange for a
to post a bail bond on the defendant's behalf.
Discuss the purposes of criminal law.
A suspect is formally charged with the criminal offense in the .
The study of firearms, including the firing of the weapon and the flight of the bullet, is .
