57. Assault and battery are the same crime.
a. True
b. False
58. Robbery is considered a violent crime.
a. True
b. False
59. Gambling is considered to be a white-collar crime.
a. True
b. False
60. The UCR presents crime data collected annually from local, state, and federal law enforcement agencies.
a. True
b. False
61. UCR crime rates are expressed per 10,000 people.
a. True
b. False
62. There are seven Part II offenses listed in the UCR.
a. True
b. False
63. Part I offenses are recorded by the FBI to give a general idea of the “crime picture” in the United States.
a. True
b. False
64. UCR Part I offenses include attempted as well as completed crimes.
a. True
b. False
65. Victim surveys are used to collect data from criminals and victims of crime.
a. True
b. False
66. The dark figure of crime refers to those offenses that are committed, but are unknown to the police.
a. True
b. False
67. There are potential criminal penalties for subjects who admit to criminal activity in a self-reported survey.
a. True
b. False
68. Crime is an overwhelmingly male activity.
a. True
b. False
69. A correlation between variables means that one variable causes change in another variable.
a. True
b. False
70. There are currently no theories that associate physical characteristics with criminality.
a. True
b. False
71. All life course theorists believe in the continuity theory of crime.
a. True
b. False
72. Trait theorists believe that crime is best addressed by punishing criminal offenders.
a. True
b. False
73. Victimology is a school of criminology that studies why certain people are the victims of crimes and the optimal role
for victims in the criminal justice system.
a. True
b. False
74. All individuals are at equal risk of being victimized by crime.
a. True
b. False
75. Crimes that involve strangers most often target women.
a. True
b. False
76. Young African American males from urban neighborhoods are the most common victims of crime.
a. True
b. False
77. Women are much more likely to be victims of intimate partner violence.
a. True
b. False
78. Those who suffer from mental illnesses are much more likely to be victims of crime than perpetrators.
a. True
b. False
79. Heroin is the most often used drug in the United States.
a. True
b. False
80. Prescription drugs are the most widely abused drugs after marijuana.
a. True
b. False
81. is the act of taking property from another person through force, threat of force, or intimidation.
82. Prostitution and gambling are examples of .
83. describes an illegal act or series of acts committed by an individual or business entity using
some nonviolent means to obtain a personal or business advantage.
84. The Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) are compiled by the .
85. Part II offenses are measured only by data.
86. allow the victims of crime to speak directly to crime experts about their experiences.
87. The refers to the actual amount of crime that takes place.
88. are researchers who study the causes of crime.
89. A is an explanation of a happening or circumstance that is based on observation, experimentation,
and reasoning.
90. Chemical messages known as have been linked to criminal activity.
91. A proposition that can be tested by researchers to determine if it is valid is a(n) .
92. is the scientific study of mental processes and behavior.
93. Dopamine is considered a , responsible for delivering pleasure signals to brain nerve endings in
response behaviors that make us feel good.
94. regulates perceptions of pleasure and reward.
95. Robert Merton believed that is caused by a social structure in which all citizens have similar goals
without equal means to achieve them.
96. The two major branches of social process theory are learning theory and theory.
97. Someone with low self-control is likely to solve problems with rather than his or her intellect.
98. is the criminal act of causing fear in another person by repeatedly subjecting that person to
unwanted or threatening attention.
99. is the maltreatment, including physical violence and psychological abuse, which occurs within a
familial or other intimate relationship.
100. Medical drugs that require a physician’s permission for purchase are .
101. Criminologists believe that first-time illegal drug users go through a in taking up the habit.
102. suggests that a lack of social control, as provided by entities such as the family or school, can lead to
antisocial behavior.
103. can be defined as the use of any drug – licit or illicit – that causes either psychological or bodily harm
to the abuser or to third parties.
104. List and discuss the six different main categories of crime.
105. Describe the Uniform Crime Report (UCR). Who compiles this crime measurement source, when was it created,
and what does it include?
106. What is meant by “the dark figure of crime”? Are there sources that help to reveal this “dark figure”?
107. Compare and contrast Part I and Part II crimes of the UCR Reports.
Part I offenses are crimes reported by the FBI in the UCR and include murder,
o
rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny, and motor vehicle theft.
108. Compare and contrast victim surveys and self-reported surveys.
109. Discuss recent crime trends and the reasons for rate variation.
110. Discuss how race, ethnicity, and poverty are related to crime.
111. Discuss the difference between a hypothesis and a theory in the context of criminology. Why is the scientific
method an important part of criminology?
112. Discuss social process theories. Include descriptions of two particular theories found within this school of
criminology.
113. According to social disorganization theory, which four factors lead to criminal behavior in high-crime
neighborhoods?
114. List the reasons for the high victimization rates among persons with mental illnesses.