Anger-control therapy is an example of a punitive condition of probation.
a. True
b. False
Mr. Johnson was hired by the head of the department of corrections to run the new
prison that was being constructed. It is designed to hold up to 3000 inmates. Mr.
Johnson was given the authority to develop a prison system that he feels will be most
effective in dealing with the inmate population. His annual budget will be $90 million.
Mr. Johnson is on a task force to help the governor figure out a way to cut corrections
costs in the state. One agreed upon goal is that the state begins a process of
decarceration where it will reduce its inmate population. Which of the following is
NOT a common strategy used to reduce the prison population?
a. decrease the probability that nonviolent offenders will be sentenced to prison
b. increase the rate of release of nonviolent offenders from prison
c. increase the rate of release of violent offenders from prison
d. decrease the rate of imprisonment for probation violators
While traditionally overlooked in criminological research, are the fastest growing
minority group in the U.S. prison population.
a. African Americans
b. Asians
c. Hispanics
d. American Indians
Which type of residential treatment program generally houses between 12 and 15
youths and provides treatment, counseling, and educational services by a professional
staff?
a. family group homes
b. foster care programs
c. group homes
d. rural programs
In , the U.S. Supreme Court forbade the execution of offenders who were under the age
of 18 when they committed their crimes.
a. NewJerseyv.T.L.O
b. Farev.MichaelC.
c. Roperv.Simmons
d. InreGault
A correlation between variables means that one variable causes change in another
variable.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor of recidivism?
a. Antisocial personality patterns
b. Procriminal attitudes
c. Lack of education
d. Social supports for crime
Case 4-1
Sara is 18 and she just graduated from high school. She is thinking about her future and
is deciding to either apply to her local college to study sociology or to apply to the local
police department to start working as a police officer.
Sara calls the police department and inquires about working for the police department.
The recruiter asks Sara a few more questions about her background. Sara explains that
she is an A student. She was born and raised in Mexico but came to the United States
when she was 16. She learned English in less than a year. Sara hopes that becoming a
police officer will help her become a U.S. citizen faster. Sara has never used drugs and
has worked a fast food restaurant for over 1 year and was recently promoted to an
assistant manager. What will be the main reason that Sara will not be hired by the police
department?
a. Sara was not born in the United States.
b. Sara is not a U.S. citizen.
c. Sara does not have prior law enforcement experience.
d. Sara has not graduated from college.
What is the preferred method of phishing?
a. hacking
b. spam
c. worms
d. viruses
According to the textbook, which of the following is NOTone of the exigent
circumstances that exempt law enforcement officers from having to “knock and
announce” their identity before entering a dwelling of an arrest warrant?
a. a felony is being committed at the time the officer enters
b. no one is home at the time of the execution of the warrant
c. persons inside are destroying evidence
d. suspect is armed and poses a strong threat
The study of crime is referred to as:
a. criminal justice.
b. criminology.
c. psychology.
d. sociology.
Which of the following agencies patrols the borders of the continental United States and
American territories to ensure that immigrants do not enter the country illegally?
a. U.S. Marshals Service
b. U.S. Immigrations and Customs Service (ICE)
c. U.S. Department of Transportation
d. U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP)
The Drug Enforcement Administration is housed in the:
a. Department of Justice.
b. Department of Homeland Security.
c. Department of Transportation.
d. Treasury Department.
There are currently no theories that associate physical characteristics with criminality.
a. True
b. False
What is the defense for criminal liability that is used to assert a lack of criminal
responsibility because according to law, a person cannot have the requisite state of mind
to commit a crime?
a. duress
b. insanity
c. entrapment
d. mistake
Most jails are administered by:
a. municipal police.
b. county sheriffs.
c. state government.
d. federal government.
Defendants have the right to effective representation during plea negotiations.
a. True
b. False
Due process is addressed in the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments to the Constitution.
a. True
b. False
The “chronic six percent” are responsible for of all crimes and two thirds of all violent
crimes.
a. one quarter
b. one third
c. half
d. three quarters
Current research shows that the majority of gang members today are white.
a. True
b. False
Which level of prisons is considered a correctional institution designed and organized to
control and discipline dangerous felons, as well as prevent escape, with intense
supervision, cement walls, and electronic, barbed wire fences?
a. maximum-security prisons
b. medium-security prisons
c. minimum-security prisons
d. supermax prisons
Which amendment guards against “cruel and unusual punishment”?
a. Fourth
b. Fifth
c. Sixth
d. Eighth
White-collar crime is an official category of criminal behavior measured by the federal
government in the Uniform Crime Report.
a. True
b. False
The organization of a police department during the political era was centralized.
a. True
b. False
Who operated the National Combined DNA Index System?
a. ATF
b. DEA
c. FBI
d. ICE
According to , crime occurs when three factors are present: a likely offender, a suitable
target, and the absence of a capable guardian.
a. choice theory
b. social disorganization
c. social process theory
d. routine activities theory
A(n) is the forcible taking of a person or property in response to a violation of the law.
a. arrest
b. frisk
c. search
d. seizure
The United States does not have a single judicial system, but 52 different systemsone
for each state, the District
of Columbia, and the federal government.
a. True
b. False
Young African American males from urban neighborhoods are the most common
victims of crime.
a. True
b. False
With the creation of the juvenile justice system in the early 1900s, the infancy defense
became redundant.
a. True
b. False
The efforts of the child savers culminated with the passage of the New York Juvenile
Court Act in 1899.
a. True
b. False
Offenders sentenced to shock incarceration usually spend in prison or jail before being
released and resentenced to probation.
a. 90 days
b. 6 months
c. 9 months
d. 1 year
During the adjudicatory hearing, juvenile defendants have the right to present their
cases to a jury.
a. True
b. False
Who is responsible for the “wellbeing” of the inmates by making sure that inmates do
not harm themselves or other prisoners?
a. block officers
b. tower guards
c. work detail supervisors
d. yard officers
In the absence of trust, most probation officers rely on their authority to guide an
offender successfully through the sentence.
a. True
b. False
A is a criminal investigation that has not been solved after a certain amount of time.
The framers of the U.S. Constitution, fearful of tyranny and a too-powerful central
government, chose the system of as a compromise.
Explain the difference between a stop and a frisk, and indicate the importance of the
case Terry v. Ohio(1968).
______________ is the process of encoding information stored in computers in such a
way that only authorized parties have access to it.
Discuss requirements to serve on a jury and the process of jury selection in a criminal
case.
Define ethics and discuss how ethics in criminal justice are related to the concept of
justice.
The formal investigation by each side prior to trial is the process of .
Explain how American law enforcement agencies have used “preventive policing” to
combat terrorism.
A is the notification process through which a law enforcement officer or other
concerned citizen makes the juvenile court aware of a juvenile’s unlawful or unruly
conduct.
Describe the Uniform Crime Report (UCR). Who compiles this crime measurement
source, when was it created, and what does it include?
Before the jurors begin discussing what they have heard and seen, the judge gives the
jury a .
Many researchers believe that by the age of an adolescent has the same ability as an
adult to make a competent decision.
are the wages of public employees that account for nearly two-thirds of a
governmentrun prison’s operating expenses.
The goal of is not prevention or punishment as much as compliance, or the following of
regulatory guidelines.
Discuss intelligence-led policing.