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A juvenile's first contact with the juvenile justice system usually comes through a:
a. juvenile court judge.
b. juvenile probation officer.
c. juvenile residential specialist.
d. police officer.
Discuss the situations in which the Miranda warning is unnecessary.
Probable cause is required for a police officer to conduct a stop and frisk.
a. True
b. False
Today in the United States, the chance of someone arrested going to prison is much
greater than it was 30 years ago.
a. True
b. False
What is the first step toward determining the suspect's guilt or innocence after an arrest
has been made?
a. indictment
b. information
c. initial appearance
d. preliminary hearing
The is a division within a police department that receives and investigates complaints of
wrongdoing by police officers.
a. Administrative Department
b. Citizen Oversight Committee
c. Ethics Department
d. Internal Affairs Unit
Much of the growth in the number of Americans behind bars can be attributed to the
enhancement and stricter enforcement of the nation's drug laws.
a. True
b. False
Wildlife wardens, alcohol and beverage control agents, and fire marshals are examples
of law enforcement officers at the level.
a. municipal
b. county
c. state
d. federal
The initial appearance resembles a mini trial.
a. True
b. False
A crime in which the defendant is guilty regardless of his or her state of mind at the
time of the act is known as:
a. tort.
b. first degree homicide.
c. strict liability.
d. manslaughter.
A police officer must issue a Miranda warning to the suspect when he or she intends to
conduct a stop and frisk.
a. True
b. False
Early police officers likely gained their positions as a result of:
a. earning a college education.
b. receiving training in the area of policing.
c. demonstrating their skills in investigation.
d. political connections.
A style of policing that emphasizes centralized police organizations, increased use of
technology, and a limitation of police discretion through regulations and guidelines was
known as the:
a. patronage model.
b. professional model.
c. spoils system.
d. watchmen system.
If a court finds that a person has been physically threatened or otherwise coerced into
giving consent, the search is invalid.
a. True
b. False
During a frisk, officers may search the area within the immediate control of the suspect.
a. True
b. False
Time elapsed between the instant a call for service is received and the instant a police
officer arrives on the scene, otherwise referred to as , has become a benchmark for
police efficiency.
a. differential response
b. directed patrol
c. incident-driven policing
d. response time
is the state of being aware that a risk does or will exist and nevertheless acting in a way
that consciously disregards this risk.
a. Recklessness
b. Negligence
c. Premeditation
d. Carelessness
Reactive arrests are associated with general patrol activities.
a. True
b. False
In general, the conditions placed on a probationer fall into three categories. Which of
the following is not one of these conditions?
a. cumulative conditions
b. punitive conditions
c. standard conditions
d. treatment conditions
All deviant acts are criminal and all crimes are deviant.
a. True
b. False
The UCR presents crime data collected annually from local, state, and federal law
enforcement agencies.
a. True
b. False
The prohibition against double jeopardy is provided for in the:
a. Fourth Amendment
b. Fifth Amendment
c. Sixth Amendment
d. Eighth Amendment
Case 12-1
Matthew is the newest inmate to a maximum-security institution. He was sentenced to
serve 20 years for the crime of armed robbery and attempted manslaughter. Matthew is
anxious about going to prison. This is the first time he will serve time in prison. In the
past he has only served short jail terms.
Once he arrives at the prison, Matthew is given a handbook that explains all the
regulations and guidelines. He also speaks with some of the inmates who explain to him
that he will go through a socialization process where he will learn the accepted norms
and values of the prison culture that are not included in a handbook. These are more the
rules of the prison created by the inmates. What is this process called?
a. deliberate indifference
b. desistance
c. prisonization
d. relative deprivation
Witnesses are not protected by the Fifth Amendment.
a. True
b. False
Case 4-2
Jorge has been a police officer in the city of Tulsa, Oklahoma for 10 years. He is
thinking about transitioning over into a federal law enforcement agency because he
does not believe that he will be promoted any time soon. He goes online to research the
different federal law enforcement agencies.
If Jorge is really interested in combating currency counterfeiting, which agency should
he apply to?
a. U.S. Customs and Border Protection
b. U.S. Marshals Service
c. Internal Revenue Service
d. U.S. Secret Service
"As long as I leave home at 7:00am, I don"t have to worry about missing the bus." This
is an example of a(n):
a. theory.
b. hypothesis.
c. observation.
d. verification.
Almost every case begins in a:
a. federal court.
b. county court.
c. trial court.
d. court of special jurisdiction.
The Kansas City Experiment showed that decreasing preventive patrol:
a. had little or no impact on crime.
b. decreased crime.
c. increased crime.
d. increased the number of reported offenses.
The vast majority of patrol shifts are completed without a single arrest.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following reasons could contribute to an offender being denied probation?
a. conviction of multiple charges
b. on parole at the time of he or she arrest
c. using a weapon during the commission of a crime
d. all of these
The coroner is ultimately responsible for determining the:
a. time of death.
b. cause of death.
c. motive of the offender.
d. identity of the victim.
Circumstantial evidence is not admissible in court.
a. True
b. False
The scope and size of the federal government's participation in the criminal justice
system has expanded over the
past several decades.
a. True
b. False
Case 10-2
Sandra was recently released from a juvenile detention facility. She was serving time
for theft, burglary, and assault. Sandra was in a well-known street gang. To celebrate
her release from the juvenile facility and her 18th birthday, Sandra decided it would be
fun to carjack a car with her gang member friends. She took a gun from her older
brother. On the evening of the carjacking, Sandra and a fellow gang member
approached a car that was being driven by an elderly woman. Sandra pointed the gun at
the woman through the driver's side window and screamed for her to get out of the car.
When the victim opened her door, Sandra pulled her out of the car and pushed her on
the ground. Sandra jumped into the driver's seat of the vehicle while Sandra's friend
jumped into the passenger side of the car. They drove around for a couple of hours
before crashing the car into a tree and fleeing the scene.
Sandra's fingerprints were found on the vehicle and the victim identified Sandra as the
offender from a photo lineup. Sandra was brought into custody and charged with an
armed carjacking. Because of previous violent felony convictions, Sandra is looking at
being charged under habitual offender laws. She can potentially get a 25-year prison
sentence.
If Sandra is convicted, what would be the most likely reason that she would be denied
probation?
a. Sandra is a female.
b. Sandra is only 18 years old.
c. Sandra used a weapon during the commission of the crime.
d. Sandra was in a gang.
There are potential criminal penalties for subjects who admit to criminal activity in a
self-reported survey.
a. True
b. False
