The first American police department was formed in Philadelphia.
a. True
b. False
There is no parole in the federal prison system.
a. True
b. False
Domestic courts and mental health courts are considered to be specialty courts.
a. True
b. False
Federal and state laws restrict public housing options for ex-convicts.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is true of the child-saving movement?
a. Child savers were interested only in the welfare of abused and neglected children
b. Child savers believed in treatment, not punishment
c. Child savers disputed the concept of parens patriae
d. Child savers advocated the incarceration of dangerous juveniles in adult facilities
The Amendment to the U.S. Constitution states, “A well regulated Militia, being
necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms,
shall not be infringed.”
a. Second
b. Fourth
c. Fifth
d. Sixth
The is the formal charge against the accused issued by the prosecutor after a
preliminary hearing has found probable cause.
a. discovery
b. examination
c. indictment
d. information
In which city was the first organized police department formed?
a. Atlanta
b. Boston
c. New York City
d. Philadelphia
What level of home monitoring requires the offender to remain home at all times, save
for medical emergencies?
a. curfew
b. home detention
c. home incarceration
d. home probation
Any physical or verbal evidence police are able to acquire by using illegally obtained
evidence is known as:
a. fruit of the poisoned tree.
b. the exclusionary rule.
c. the rotten apple doctrine.
d. exculpatory evidence.
The professional model of policing was introduced during the community era of
policing.
a. True
b. False
A situation in which those convicted of similar crimes do not receive similar sentences
is:
a. sentencing disparity.
b. sentencing discrimination.
c. sentencing bias.
d. sentencing equity.
In an Allen Charge, the judge declares the jury to be hung.
a. True
b. False
Of the courtroom workgroup, who relies on the police to arrest suspects and gather
sufficient evidence?
a. defense attorney
b. judge
c. public defender
d. prosecutor
Coolidge v. New Hampshireestablished the doctrine for plain view searches. Which of
the following is not one of the required criteria?
a. The item is positioned so as to be detected easily by the officer.
b. The officer immediately recognizes the illegal nature of the item.
c. The officer is legally in a position to notice the item in question.
d. The suspect does not object to the officer finding the item.
Federal officials prosecute white-collar crime using the investigatory powers of several
different federal law enforcement agencies.
a. True
b. False
Every state has at least one federal district court.
a. True
b. False
Determinate sentencing has severely restricted judicial discretion in many jurisdictions.
a. True
b. False
Because of good-time credits and parole, most prisoners do not serve their entire
sentence in prison.
a. True
b. False
Prosecutors in every state and in the federal government are elected officials and must
answer to the voters.
a. True
b. False
What is a judicially imposed condition in which an offender is sentenced after being
convicted of a crime, but is not required to begin serving the sentence immediately?
a. community corrections
b. probation
c. split sentence probation
d. suspended sentence
Having a parent in prison puts a child at greater risk of:
a. suffering financial hardship.
b. reduced supervision.
c. reduced discipline.
d. all of these.
The goal for many law enforcement agencies is not to solve crimes after they have
occurred, but to prevent them from happening.
a.True
bFalse
investigate most crimes and attempt to deter crime through patrol activities.
a. Local police
b. Highway patrol officers
c. State police agencies
d. Federal agencies
Laws enacted by legislative bodies at any level of government make up a source of law,
which is generally referred to as:
a. administrative law.
b. case law.
c. constitutional law.
d. statutory law.
Trial courts are primarily concerned with questions of law.
a. True
b. False
Which term is Latin for “I will not contest it” and is used as a criminal defendant’s plea,
in which he or she chooses not to challenge, or contest, the charges brought by the
government?
a. habeascorpus
b. noll
c. nolleprosequi
d. nolocontendere
Under exigent circumstances law enforcement officers need not announce their
presence during the execution of an arrest warrant.
a. True
b. False
Jailing is the socialization process through which a new inmate learns the accepted
norms and values of the prison population.
a. True
b. False
Parole boards use a number of criteria to determine whether a convict should be given
discretionary release. Discuss the criteria.
The bulk of all police officers are employed at the federal level.
a. True
b. False
When parole is denied, the reasons usually involve poor prison behavior by the offender
and/or the severity of the underlying crime.
a. True
b. False
Assault and battery are the same crime.
a. True
b. False
Discuss the sentencing arrangements that combine probation with incarceration.
Imagine the police seized evidence on authority of a search warrant that had been
improperly issued by a judge. Under which exception of the exclusionary rule would
the prosecutor be able to use that evidence?
is a situation in which those convicted of similar crimes do not receive similar
sentences.
Explain the difference between testimony and real evidence, between lay witnesses and
expert witnesses, and between direct and circumstantial evidence.
Discuss the “paradox of community corrections.”
is a mental state that occurs when a person suffers from exhaustion and has difficulty
functioning normally as a result of overwork and stress.
Discuss the six general job categories among correctional officers.
Crimes motivated by bias against an individual or a group based on race, ethnicity,
religion, gender, sexual orientation, disability, or age are considered .
Explain what “double marginality” refers to.
___________ is defined as “an alternative to imprisonment in which a person who has
been convicted of a crime is allowed to serve his or her sentence in the community
subject to certain conditions and supervision by a probation officer.”
Explain the importance of the due process clause in the Constitution.
The aspects of police work and life that lead to feelings of stress are called .
Indicate some of the consequences of our high rates of incarceration.
A is the actual offense committed and not the charge that is levied by a prosecutor as the
result of a plea bargain.
The crime control, due process, and rehabilitation functions of a court are secondary to
its
____________________ function.
Explain the exclusionary rule and the exceptions to it.
Critics argue that intermediate sanctions by adding to the number of citizens who are
currently under supervision.
In , the Supreme Court held that juveniles are entitled to many of the same due process
rights granted to adult offenders, including notice of charges, the right to counsel, the
privilege against self- incrimination, and the right to confront and cross-examine
witnesses.
The is a critical legal tool used in efforts to combat terrorism, because it permits law
enforcement agents to arrest suspects even though no crime, in the traditional sense of
the word, has taken place and no evident harm has been caused.