Identity theft existed prior to the Internet.
c. True
d. False
The majority of a patrol officer’s time is spent on:
a. preventive patrol.
b. calls for service.
c. administrative duties.
d. officer-initiated activities.
The main duties of the include providing security at federal courts, controlling property
seized by federal courts, protecting government witnesses, transporting federal
prisoners, and investigating violations of federal fugitive laws.
a. Department of Treasury
b. U.S. Border Patrol
c. U.S. Marshals
d. U.S. Secret Service
Today, most undercover officers are used to infiltrate large-scale operations.
a. burglary
b. car theft
c. narcotics
d. serial killer
Case 13-2
Jacob was arrested and charged with manslaughter. He is 17 years old and has never
been in trouble with the law. He ended up fighting back against a school bully. The
bully started attacking Jacob and Jacob fought back by throwing a book at the bully’s
head. The book hit the bully causing him to fall to the ground. When he fell to the
ground he hit his head extremely hard and as a result he died. Jacob is concerned that
his case may be transferred to the adult criminal court system.
If Jacob is facing these charges in a state that automatically transfers all juveniles who
are suspected of murder/manslaughter to adult court the state utilizes:
a. judicial waivers.
b. prosecutorial waivers.
c. legislative waivers.
d. state waivers.
When inmates try to prove that their Eighth Amendment rights were violated by a
correctional facility, they must meet the standard of:
a. deliberate indifference.
b. hands-on approach.
c. identifiable human needs.
d. relative deprivation.
Jails are chronically overcrowded, and judges need to clear space for new offenders.
a. True
b. False
Case 6-1
Detective Collins was conducting an investigation on an individual who was suspected
of being a drug dealer. Detective Collins and his team often used an informant who was
able to provide specific information that the suspect often sold drugs out of his home.
Previous information provided by this informant has proven to be reliable. Detective
Collins also conducted surveillance on the suspect’s home. Detective Collins saw many
people walking up to the window located on the south side of the suspect’s house. The
individuals would walk up to the window and knock three times. Moments later an
individual would open the window and hand something to the individual outside.
Conducting surveillance on the suspect’s home is what source of probable cause?
a. personal observation
b. information
c. evidence
d. association
The United States has a dual court system; that is, we have two independent judicial
systems, the federal level and the state level.
a. True
b. False
Duty is the obligation to act in a certain manner.
a. True
b. False
Case 11-2
The state of Florida, like many other states is facing extreme financial problems. The
legislature was called into an emergency session to pass a budget. One of the major
areas of discussion is the state prison system. After hours of debate and discussion, the
lawmakers are not reaching a consensus on how to cut the corrections budget.
Many lawmakers express their concerns of privatizing the prisons in the state. Which of
the following are some of the criticisms that these legislatures make?
a. there is no economic benefit to private prisons
b. private prisons are less secure to government-run prisons
c. private prisons are constitutionally problematic
d. all of these
Case 13-2
Jacob was arrested and charged with manslaughter. He is 17 years old and has never
been in trouble with the law. He ended up fighting back against a school bully. The
bully started attacking Jacob and Jacob fought back by throwing a book at the bully’s
head. The book hit the bully causing him to fall to the ground. When he fell to the
ground he hit his head extremely hard and as a result he died. Jacob is concerned that
his case may be transferred to the adult criminal court system.
Jacob’s attorneys make the argument that this is his first offense and the judge should
consider the circumstances of the crime in deciding his punishment. They request that
Jacob receive the most common form of juvenile corrections. What is the most common
form of juvenile corrections?
a. boot camp
b. group home
c. probation
d. training School
Defendants who are found “guilty but mentally ill” do not serve criminal sentences.
a. True
b. False
Contrast probation, parole, mandatory release, pardon, and furlough.
a)Probation is a criminal sanction in which a convict is allowed to remain in the
The prohibits the use of illegally seized evidence.
a. exclusionary rule
b. poisoned tree rule
c. probable cause rule
d. reasonable rule
What is the formal investigation prior to trial in which the defense uses various methods
to obtain information from the prosecution to prepare for trial?
a. discovery
b. examination
c. indictment
d. information
In the , victims’ rights advocates began addressing what they perceived to be an
imbalance in favor of criminal defendants in the criminal justice system.
a. 1950s
b. 1960s
c. 1970s
d. 1980s
To determine whether a stop is based on reasonable suspicion, the court uses a test.
a. probable cause
b. justification
c. beyond a reasonable doubt
d. totality of the circumstances
The number of gangs has decreased since 2003.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is true regarding deviance?
a. Deviance is an objective concept that all members of society agree upon.
b. Deviance is another term used to describe all criminal activity.
c. Deviance is behavior that is considered to go against the norms established by
society.
d. Deviance is always considered criminal in nature.
The main difference between police agencies and correctional facilities is that
correctional facilities sometimes lack:
a. a chain of command.
b. bureaucracy.
c. continuity of purpose.
d. a military structure.
A(n) is prepared during the disposition process that provides the judge with relevant
background material to aid in the disposition decision.
a. adjudication
b. petition
c. presentence investigation
d. predisposition report
Which of the following methods would NOT be appropriate according to the due
process model?
a. Assure the safety of the public through long prison sentences for nonviolent
offenders.
b. Assure the constitutional rights of those accused of crimes.
c. Whenever possible, allow nonviolent offenders to serve their sentences in the
community rather than behind bars.
d. Protect the civil rights of all inmates, and focus on rehabilitation.
The patronage system is associated with which era of policing?
a. the colonial era
b. the political era
c. the reform era
d. the community era
A judicial order that commands a correctional official to bring a prisoner before a
federal court so that the court can hear the person’s claim that he or she is being held
illegally is:
a. corpusdelicti.
b. habeascorpus.
c. habeasdelicti.
d. nolleprosequi.
Case 2-1
Tina’s mother bought Tina a new pair of jeans when she received all A’s on her report
card. Jane was jealous that Tina got new jeans because she wanted the same pair of
jeans. But, Jane’s parents were not able to afford them. One day, Jane skipped school
and broke into Tina’s house when she knew no one would be home. Jane took the jeans
from Tina’s bedroom and left the house.
What crime did Jane commit?
a. assault
b. burglary
c. fraud
d. robbery
Every state has at least one court of appeals (known as an appellate, or reviewing,
court).
a. True
b. False
After a crime has been committed and the patrol officer has gathered preliminary
information from a crime scene, the responsibility of identifying the offender is
delegated to the:
a. detective.
b. internal affairs unit.
c. patrol officer.
d. police chief.
is the technology that allows crime analysis to identify trends and patterns of criminal
behavior within a given area.
Intensive supervision probation (ISP) clients typically have lower violation rates than
traditional probationers.
a. True
b. False
Tennesseev.Garner(1985) outlawed the use of deadly force by police officers.
a. True
b. False
The majority of inmates are under the age of 25.
a. True
b. False
A majority of criminal convictions in state courts are the result of plea bargaining.
a. True
b. False
Presenting an alibi is an example of an affirmative defense.
a. True
b. False
In an offender is sentenced to prison or jail with the understanding that after a period of
time, he or she may petition the court to be released on probation.
are those who deal with the inmates and make up more than half a prison’s
staff.
Areas that contain a greater number of criminals and higher-than-average levels of
victimization are often labeled
_______________.
The is the formal document outlining the charges against the juvenile.
Explain what the “CSI effect” refers to.
The FBI’s provides lists of stolen vehicles and firearms, missing license plates,
and other information useful to local and state law enforcement officials.
Explain five stress factors that police officers experience.
What is decarceration and the strategies relied upon to accomplish it?
is verbal evidence given by witnesses under oath.
is the process through which prosecutors effect an overall reduction in the number of
persons prosecuted.
The burden of proof in the American criminal court system is .
The scope of the search for an arrest is the area within the suspect’s .
Civil liberties are the personal rights and protections guaranteed by the .
The criminal court work group consists of the , , and .
is a negligent homicide, in which the offender had no intent to kill the victim.
The process by which police examine a person or property to find evidence of a crime
is a .
Why might an inmate become violent within prison today, as explored by the text?