Case 9-2
Ted was arrested and charged with the first degree murder of Susan. Ted and Susan
were coworkers at a local bar where Ted was the busboy and Susan was a waitress. The
prosecutors believed there was convincing evidence that Ted was obsessed with Susan
and when she rejected him, he raped and then strangled her. Prosecutors are seeking the
death penalty.
Many supporters of the death penalty believe that Ted needs to be executed for
committing such a heinous crime because others will be discouraged from committing a
similar crime. This sentencing philosophy is known as:
a. just deserts.
b. general deterrence.
c. incapacitation.
d. specific deterrence.
Which amendment contains the “confrontation clause,” or the right to crossexamine
witnesses?
a. Fourth
b. Fifth
c. Sixth
d. Eighth
Federalism refers to:
a. a system of government dominated by an all-powerful federal government.
b. a system of checks and balances within the executive, legislative, and judicial
branches of government.
c. a system of government in which states are independent and self-governing.
d. a sharing of government powers by federal and state authorities.
All drugs affect the brain, causing changes in emotions, perceptions, and behavior.
a. True
b. False
Crimes punishable by death or imprisonment in a federal or state penitentiary for 1 year
or longer are called:
a. felonies.
b. gross misdemeanors.
c. misdemeanors.
d. petty misdemeanors.
In an effort to eliminate the inequities of disparity by removing judicial bias from the
sentencing process, many states and the federal government have turned to ____, which
require judges to dispense legislatively determined sentences based on factors such as
the seriousness of the crime and the offender’s prior record.
a. mandatory sentencing laws
b. indeterminate sentencing laws
c. sentencing guidelines
d. truth-in-sentencing laws
The number of offenders being executed by the states is steadily increasing.
a. True
b. False
A number of prison experts have noted that group violence often occurs in response to
at corrections facilities.
a. overcrowding
b. deprivation
c. violence
d. heightened security
Prisons have a continuity of purpose that is lacking in police departments.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is not an example of a community-based sentence?
a. minimum security prisons
b. residential centers
c. halfway houses
d. work-release centers
State law prevails whenever it is in conflict with federal law.
a. True
b. False
What is the period of time at the beginning of a police officer’s career during which she
or he may be fired without
cause?
a. probationary period
b. recruiting period
c. training period
d. trial period
The lowest tier of the federal court system is the:
a. specialty courts.
b. appellate courts.
c. district courts.
d. Supreme Court.
In juvenile court, the judge has wide discretion in disposing of each case.
a. True
b. False
When using a search warrant, law enforcement officers are justified in seizing items
resulting from the crime in question.
a. True
b. False
Case 9-1
Jeremy has just been found guilty by a jury for the crimes of robbery, aggravated
assault, and obstruction of justice. Jeremy has an extensive criminal history. He was
previously in prison for burglary and possession of illegal drugs. When he was arrested
for these new crimes of robbery, aggravated assault, and obstruction of justice, he was
on probation for stealing a vehicle.
The state that Jeremy was convicted in allows judges to set a minimum and maximum
amount of time that Jeremy will spend in prison. What type of sentencing is this?
a. determinate sentencing
b. indeterminate sentencing
c. mitigating sentencing
d. aggravating sentencing
Case 3-2
Mr. Thomas is a criminal defense attorney. Peter contacts Mr. Thomas and tells him that
he thinks he may have committed a crime but he is not sure. Mr. Thomas asks Peter a
few questions but Peter refuses to answer any questions over the phone. Mr. Thomas
tells Peter to come to his office for a consultation and he will provide legal advice if
Peter decides to retain Mr. Thomas as his attorney.
What crime is Peter guilty of?
a. felony murder
b. hate crime
c. infanticide
d. statutory rape
The power of the law is known as:
a. adjudication.
b. the judge’s prerogative.
c. jurisdiction.
d. the statutes.
Which of the following is NOT a decision made by appellate court judges?
a. whether there should be a retrial or additional charges
b. whether a lower court decision should be reversed and remanded
c. whether a lower court decision of the case should stand
d. whether a case should be reviewed by the lower court
Which of the following is a discretionary decision made by prosecutors?
a. the decision to release an inmate on parole
b. the decision to issue an arrest warrant
c. the decision to convict a defendant
d. the decision to reduce charges
The primary concern during the disposition hearing is to determine a sentence that will
serve the needs of the child, rather than one that will protect the community.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is NOT a purpose of police patrol listed in the text?
a. deterrence of crime
b. maintenance of public order
c. improvement of public attitudes toward the police
d. provision of services that are not crime related
The “good faith” exception to the exclusionary rule was established by case law in:
a. UnitedStatesv.Leon
b. Brewerv.Williams
c. Nixv.Williams
d. Carrollv.UnitedStates
Most gang-related homicides are not crime-related.
a. True
b. False
Information provided by an informant is not sufficient to establish probable cause;
rather, physical evidence must be present.
a. True
b. False
Private prisons can often be run more cheaply and efficiently than public ones.
a. True
b. False
In In re Winship, the Supreme Court required the government to prove that a juvenile
had committed an act of delinquency.
a. beyond a reasonable doubt
b. with clear and convincing evidence
c. by a preponderance of the evidence
d. by probable cause
Which of the following is NOT a common requirement to be hired as a law
enforcement officer?
a. be a U.S. citizen
b. not have been convicted of a felony
c. not have been issued a traffic citation
d. be at least 21 years of age
When the perpetrator uses the Internet or some form of electronic communication to
harass and stalk the victim, this is known as:
a. phishing.
b. intellectual property theft.
c. cyberbullying.
d. cyberstalking.
Case 3-1
Johnny and Martin are in a bar drinking beer and talking. Sharon walks in and starts
talking to Johnny. Martin gets jealous because he was engaged to be married to Sharon
and they only recently broke up. Martin gets so mad that he starts to yell at Johnny. He
then swings at Johnny and misses. Martin falls to the ground and passes out. Johnny
gets so mad that he stabs Martin in the back and kills him.
If the above case would make it to court, which party would be the plaintiff?
a. the bar owner
b. Johnny
c. Martin’s family
d. Sharon
Inmates have the same guaranteed rights as other Americans.
a. True
b. False
Social conflict theory focuses on as a key component in explaining crime.
a. choice
b. the community
c. learning
d. power
The case of ended the execution of those who committed crimes as juveniles.
The is a period of time at the beginning of a police officer’s career during which she or
he can be fired without cause.
The state of created the first court specifically for juveniles.
Discuss two aggressive investigation strategies.
Juveniles who are released from secure facilities are placed in programs.
Contrast the crime control and due process models of criminal justice. In your opinion,
which of the two best represents the ideal American criminal justice system, and why?
Identify and discuss the three general categories of probation conditions.
suggests that a lack of social control, as provided by entities such as the family or
school, can lead to antisocial behavior.
allow the victims of crime to speak directly to crime experts about their experiences.
is the theory that inmate aggression is caused when freedoms and services that the
inmate has come to accept as normal are decreased or eliminated.
consist of any substance that modifies biological, psychological, or social behavior. In
particular, an illegal substance with those properties.
In the notification model, information on sex offenders is made open and available for
public scrutiny.
is the maltreatment, including physical violence and psychological abuse, which occurs
within a familial or other intimate relationship.
In the case of , the Supreme Court made it very difficult to prove discriminatory intent
in capital punishment based on statistics alone.
Discuss who has input in the sentencing decision.
The is the dominant figure in the courtroom and therefore exerts the most influence
over the values and norms of the workgroup.
Compare and contrast Part I and Part II crimes of the UCR Reports.
List and describe some of the most important law enforcement agencies under the
control of the Department of Homeland Security.
Robert Merton believed that is caused by a social structure in which all citizens have
similar goals without equal means to achieve them.
Explain the role conflict that probation officers face.