59. A seizure is the act of taking possession of a person or property.
a. True
b. False
60. The most frequent exception to the warrant requirement involves searches with consent.
a. True
b. False
61. Law enforcement officers are not allowed to access cell phone records of those locations without a warrant to
trace the movement of suspects.
a. True
b. False
62. If a court finds that a person has been physically threatened or otherwise coerced into giving consent, the search is
invalid.
a. True
b. False
63. A law enforcement officer needs reasonable suspicion or probable cause that a crime has taken place when using
the “knock and talk” strategy.
a. True
b. False
64.
The Patriot Act has made it easier to obtain search warrants.
a. True
b. False
65. Probable cause is required for a police officer to conduct a stop and frisk.
a. True
b. False
66. A person’s race or ethnicity alone cannot provide reasonable suspicion for stops and frisks.
a. True
b. False
67. During a frisk, officers may search the area within the immediate control of the suspect.
a. True
b. False
68. Police officers are allowed to use a frisk as a “fishing expedition” to find items besides weapons.
a. True
b. False
69. For the most part the judicial system has refrained from placing restrictions on a police officer’s ability to make
stops.
a. True
b. False
70. A frisk can only be conducted to discover weapons.
a. True
b. False
71. An arrest is the taking into custody of a citizen for the purpose of detaining him or her on a criminal charge.
a. True
b. False
72. A police chief can issue an arrest warrant.
a. True
b. False
73. Under exigent circumstances law enforcement officers need not announce their presence during the execution of
an arrest warrant.
a. True
b. False
74. Police officers can never arrest someone without an arrest warrant.
a. True
b. False
75. When conducting a search incidental to arrest, officers may only search the suspect’s body and clothing for
evidence or weapons.
a. True
b. False
76. The Miranda warning is designed to ensure a suspect’s Fifth Amendment protection against self-incrimination.
a. True
b. False
77. A police officer must issue a Miranda warning to the suspect when he or she intends to conduct a stop and frisk.
a. True
b. False
78. Suspects may be questioned without having a lawyer present if the interrogation does not focus on the crime for
which he or she was arrested, even though it does touch another closely related crime.
a. True
b. False
79. Police officers are not required to tell suspects undergoing custodial interrogation that their attorney is trying to
reach them.
a. True
b. False
80. A Miranda warning is not needed when police are asking “routine” questions such as name and address.
a. True
b. False
81. The Fourth Amendment contains a prohibition against searches and seizures.
82. is reasonable grounds to believe the existence of facts warranting certain actions, such
as the search or arrest of a person.
83. Of the four major sources of probable cause, is not adequate to establish probable cause.
84. is evidence that is acquired through the use of illegally obtained evidence
and is therefore inadmissible in court.
85. The _____________________ exception was created in the case Nix v. Williams (1984).
86. If police officers use a search warrant that they know is technically incorrect, the
___________________________ exception does not apply.
87. Suppose that a gun—used by a defendant to murder a victim—was found as the result of an improper police
search. If you were a defense attorney you could challenge the evidence based on the .
88. Imagine the police seized evidence on authority of a search warrant that had been improperly issued by a judge.
Under which exception of the exclusionary rule would the prosecutor be able to use that evidence?
89. The process by which police examine a person or property to find evidence of a crime is a .
90. Before going to a judge to ask for a search warrant, officers must prepare a(n) in which
they provide specific, written information on the property that they wish to search and seize.
91. A(n) is the forcible taking of a person or property in response to a violation of the law.
92. The most frequent exception to the warrant requirement involves searches .
93. The standard for consent searches was set in the case of _____________________________.
94. established that recorded conversations are inadmissible as evidence unless certain
procedures are followed.
95. Officers are in when they are chasing a person they have probable cause to
believe committed a crime, and that person enters a building.
96. The practice of targeting people for police stops based solely on their race, ethnicity, or national origin is
___________________.
97. A is a brief detention of a person by law enforcement agents for questioning.
98. The constitutional rights of accused persons taken into custody by law enforcement officials, such as the right to
remain silent and the right to counsel, are the .
99. A(n) occurs when police take into custody a person suspected of criminal activity.
100. The scope of the search for an arrest is the area within the suspect’s .
101. are situations that require extralegal or exceptional actions by the police.
102. When an offense is committed in the presence of a police officer, the officer may make a
__________________________________.
103. The Amendment guarantees protection against self-incrimination.
104. Outline and discuss the four major sources that may provide probable cause.
105. Explain the exclusionary rule and the exceptions to it.
106. The inevitable discovery rule states the legal principle that illegally obtained evidence can be admissible in court if
police using lawful means would have “inevitably” discovered it. Provide an example of a situation in which this rule
would apply.
107. List and discuss the four categories of items that can be seized by use of a search warrant.
108. Explain what a “pretextual stop” is.
109. Explain under which circumstances law enforcement may search an automobile without a warrant.
110. What type of information must law enforcement officers provide to a judge or magistrate to get a search warrant?
111. List the eight exceptions to the requirement that law enforcement officers have a search warrant.
112. What is the plain view doctrine and what is the criteria that officers must meet to make a warrantless seizure under
this doctrine?
113. Explain the difference between a stop and a frisk, and indicate the importance of the case Terry v. Ohio (1968).
114. List and explain the four elements that are needed for a police officer to make an arrest.
115. Discuss when a police officer can make an arrest without a warrant.
116. List and explain the nine exceptions to the requirement for a search warrant.
117. Discuss the situations in which the Miranda warning is unnecessary.
118. Explain what the “public safety exception” is with regard to the Miranda warning.