One of the basic assumptions of is that people are able to justify improper or even
criminal behavior by convincing themselves that it is actually acceptable behavior.
a. rational choice theory
b. control theory
c. social psychology
d. trait theory
Which of the following is NOT one of the options of intermediate sanctions that judges
have in sentencing?
a. community service
b. fines
c. imprisonment
d. restitution
Case 3-1
Johnny and Martin are in a bar drinking beer and talking. Sharon walks in and starts
talking to Johnny. Martin gets jealous because he was engaged to be married to Sharon
and they only recently broke up. Martin gets so mad that he starts to yell at Johnny. He
then swings at Johnny and misses. Martin falls to the ground and passes out. Johnny
gets so mad that he stabs Martin in the back and kills him.
If state prosecutors decide to file charges against Johnny, what crime classification
would the charge fall under?
a. felony
b. gross misdemeanor
c. petty misdemeanor
d. infraction
Case 10-2
Sandra was recently released from a juvenile detention facility. She was serving time
for theft, burglary, and assault. Sandra was in a well-known street gang. To celebrate
her release from the juvenile facility and her 18th birthday, Sandra decided it would be
fun to carjack a car with her gang member friends. She took a gun from her older
brother. On the evening of the carjacking, Sandra and a fellow gang member
approached a car that was being driven by an elderly woman. Sandra pointed the gun at
the woman through the driver’s side window and screamed for her to get out of the car.
When the victim opened her door, Sandra pulled her out of the car and pushed her on
the ground. Sandra jumped into the driver’s seat of the vehicle while Sandra’s friend
jumped into the passenger side of the car. They drove around for a couple of hours
before crashing the car into a tree and fleeing the scene.
Sandra’s fingerprints were found on the vehicle and the victim identified Sandra as the
offender from a photo lineup. Sandra was brought into custody and charged with an
armed carjacking. Because of previous violent felony convictions, Sandra is looking at
being charged under habitual offender laws. She can potentially get a 25-year prison
sentence.
At sentencing, Sandra’s defense attorney suggests a punishmentoriented form of
probation where she will be
placed under strict and more frequent surveillance than conventional probation. This
punishment is known as:
a. intensive supervision probation.
b. intermediate supervision probation.
c. shock supervision probation.
d. extreme supervision probation.
House arrest, electronic monitoring, and boot camp are all examples of:
a. probation.
b. incarceration.
c. community service.
d. alternative sanctions.
In which community-based rehabilitation program is a juvenile returned to the
community, but placed under supervision with conditions specified through the juvenile
justice system?
a. boot camp
b. probation
c. restitution
d. treatment program
Correctional institutions that are the most restrictive for juveniles found to be
delinquent or status offenders are called:
a. family group homes.
b. group homes.
c. rural programs.
d. training schools.
Which courts handle misdemeanors and some civil matters?
a. courts of general jurisdiction
b. courts of limited jurisdiction
c. courts of unlimited jurisdiction
d. felony courts
The strategy of preventing crime through the threat of punishment is called:
a. deterrence.
b. incapacitation.
c. rehabilitation.
d. retribution.
The main difference between police and prison organizations is that police departments
have a chain of command that is sometimes lacking in prison organizations.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a white-collar criminal?
a. has legal access to the place where the crime occurs
b. uses physical means to get somewhere he or she should not be
c. is spatially separated from the victim
d. behaves in a manner that is legitimate
Which of the following occurs in a military tribunal?
a. panel of military officers acts in place of the judge and jury and decides questions of
“both fact and law”
b. all members of the panel or jury must agree to convict the individual
c. the defendant has a right to a trial by a jury
d. the traditional rules of evidence apply
Involuntary intoxication is a valid criminal defense.
a. True
b. False
An offender is most likely to be denied probation if he or she seriously injured the
victim of the crime.
a. True
b. False
Appellate courts:
a. hear cases denovo.
b. determine the defendant’s guilt or innocence.
c. determine questions of fact.
d. determine questions of law.
Arrest warrants are written orders based on probable cause and issued by a:
a. law enforcement officer.
b. prosecuting attorney.
c. grand jury.
d. judge.
A public civil officer or official with limited judicial authority within a particular
geographic area, such as the authority to issue an arrest warrant, is:
a. a judge.
b. a police officer.
c. a magistrate.
d. a public prosecutor.
Criminal law concerns offenses that are against the society as a whole.
a. True
b. False
Most judges, in fact, work at the appellate level of the system.
a. True
b. False
Case 10-1
Scott is a 24-year-old high school dropout. He has been in and out of trouble with the
law since he was a teenager, committing mostly public nuisance offenses such as
disorderly conduct and public intoxication. His girlfriend just broke up with him
because he had no ambition in his life and she did not want to take care of him. She
threw him out of her apartment. Scott just agreed to plead guilty for the crime of
burglary after he broke into his exgirlfriend’s car to steal the change that she keeps in
the cup-holder.
The judge has scheduled a conference in his chambers with the prosecutor and the
defense attorney. He instructs the two attorneys that he wants a plea deal with an agreed
upon sentence the next morning. The judge explains to the prosecutor that many
offenders are placed on probation for the same offense that Scott committed and never
serve any jail or prison time. The judge further explains that if Scott is placed on
probation he will require that Scott attend alcohol counseling and anger-control therapy.
These conditions that the judge orders are referred to as:
a. punitive conditions.
b. rehabilitative conditions.
c. standard conditions.
d. treatment conditions.
Which case law established stop and frisk?
a. Carrollv.UnitedStates
b. Mappv.Ohio
c. Terryv.Ohio
d. Weeksv.UnitedStates
Intelligence-led policing uses past crime patterns to predict future crime patterns.
a. True
b. False
What type of electronic monitoring involves an offender wearing a device around the
wrist, ankle, or neck, which sends out a continuous signal?
a. programmed contact
b. programmed dialers
c. continuous signaling
d. continuous dialers
is when an officer actively demands payment from an individual or a business in return
for certain services.
a. Gleaning
b. Mooching
c. A payoff
d. A shakedown
Mr. Johnson was hired by the head of the department of corrections to run the new
prison that was being constructed. It is designed to hold up to 3000 inmates. Mr.
Johnson was given the authority to develop a prison system that he feels will be most
effective in dealing with the inmate population. His annual budget will be $90 million.
Mr. Johnson receives a phone call from the head of the department of corrections who
informs him that the prison will be reserved for the inmates who have extensive records
of misconduct in maximum-security prisons. In essence, this prison will be reserved for
the “worst of the worst” inmates in the state’s correctional system. What type of
correctional facility will Mr. Johnson be in charge of?
a. administrative prison
b. maximum-security prison
c. medium-security prison
d. supermax prison
Prosecutors are generally considered the most dominant figures in the American
criminal justice system.
a. True
b. False
Under the concept of federalism, government powers are shared by the federal
government and the states.
a. True
b. False
The most frequent exception to the warrant requirement involves searches with consent.
a. True
b. False
Suppose a traffic officer pulls over a person for speeding, looks in the driver’s window,
and clearly sees what appears to be a bag of heroin resting on the passenger seat. Under
the , law enforcement officers may seize the drugs without a warrant.
a. exclusionary rule
b. fruit of the poisoned tree
c. inevitable evidence exception
d. plain view doctrine
Community-oriented policing is a philosophy that requires police to identify potential
criminal activity and develop strategies to prevent or respond to that activity.
a. True
b. False
As discussed in the textbook, corpusdelictirefers to:
a. the dead body at the scene of a crime.
b. the element of criminal intent.
c. the basic elements of a crime.
d. the criminal act.
Boot camps are a good example of residential treatment programs.
a. True
b. False
Community-based corrections programs are more cost efficient than incarceration.
a. True
b. False
What is the newest variation on crime?
a. hightech crime
b. whitecollar crime
c. public order crime
d. organized crime
is a technique of probation supervision in which the offender’s whereabouts are kept
under surveillance by an electronic device.
Explain the difference between first and second degree murder.
Discuss the importance and role of private security today.
is the use of threat of violence to achieve political objectives.
As a means to reverse patterns of self-destructive behavior, conditions are imposed on
the offender.
A is defined as wrong against society proclaimed by law and, if committed under
certain circumstances, punishable by society.
The standard for consent searches was set in the case of
_____________________________.
Explain the federal court system
A proposition that can be tested by researchers to determine if it is valid is a(n) .
occurs when minority officers are viewed with suspicion by white colleagues and
members of the minority community.
is a strategy for answering calls for service in which response time is adapted to the
seriousness of the call.
List seven responsibilities of defense attorneys.
List the three tiers of the federal model.
List the different names given to public prosecutors and indicate the general powers that
they have.
The and Amendments require that no one can be deprived of life, liberty, or property
without due process of law.