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Because there are more stolen vehicles than murders in most jurisdictions, law
enforcement agencies use more resources and time to investigate stolen vehicles than
murders.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic philosophical reasons for
sentencing?
a. deterrence
b. incapacitation
c. retribution
d. revenge
Which type of challenge is one used to exclude potential jurors from serving on the jury
without any supporting reason or cause being provided by the attorney?
a. challenge for cause
b. peremptory challenge
c. venirechallenge
d. voirdirechallenge
Which prison design is composed of a "wagonwheel"like structure that was created
with the dual goals of separation and control?
a. campus style
b. courtyard style
c. radial design
d. telephone-pole design
This is a release from prison that occurs when an offender has served the length of his
or her sentence, with time taken off for good behavior.
a. expiration release
b. pardon
c. parole
d. probation
Case 10-2
Sandra was recently released from a juvenile detention facility. She was serving time
for theft, burglary, and assault. Sandra was in a well-known street gang. To celebrate
her release from the juvenile facility and her 18th birthday, Sandra decided it would be
fun to carjack a car with her gang member friends. She took a gun from her older
brother. On the evening of the carjacking, Sandra and a fellow gang member
approached a car that was being driven by an elderly woman. Sandra pointed the gun at
the woman through the driver's side window and screamed for her to get out of the car.
When the victim opened her door, Sandra pulled her out of the car and pushed her on
the ground. Sandra jumped into the driver's seat of the vehicle while Sandra's friend
jumped into the passenger side of the car. They drove around for a couple of hours
before crashing the car into a tree and fleeing the scene.
Sandra's fingerprints were found on the vehicle and the victim identified Sandra as the
offender from a photo lineup. Sandra was brought into custody and charged with an
armed carjacking. Because of previous violent felony convictions, Sandra is looking at
being charged under habitual offender laws. She can potentially get a 25-year prison
sentence.
While Sandra is serving her sentence in the community, she failed to satisfy the
conditions of her probation sentence. What would be the first stage in her probation
revocation?
a. preliminary hearing
b. revocation hearing
c. revocation sentencing
d. trial
Case 9-2
Ted was arrested and charged with the first degree murder of Susan. Ted and Susan
were coworkers at a local bar where Ted was the busboy and Susan was a waitress. The
prosecutors believed there was convincing evidence that Ted was obsessed with Susan
and when she rejected him, he raped and then strangled her. Prosecutors are seeking the
death penalty.
At the sentencing phase of Ted's trial, Susan's mother and husband give personal
statements about Susan and how
her murder has affected their lives. This statement is known as a(n):
a. aggravating factor statement.
b. restorative justice statement.
c. sentencing guideline statement.
d. victim-impact statement.
About 40% of women in federal prisons report some form of past abuse.
a. True
b. False
In a military tribunal, there is no right to trial by jury, as guaranteed by the Amendment.
a. Fourth
b. Fifth
c. Sixth
d. Eighth
The chief law enforcement officer of most counties is the chief of police.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is NOT a provision of the Patriot Act?
a. an expansion of the definition of what it means to "engage in terrorist activity" to
include providing "material support" through such activities as fundraising or operating
Web sites for suspected terrorist organizations
b. greater protection of people's first and fourth Amendment rights
c. greater leeway for law enforcement agents to track Internet use, access private
financial records, and wiretap those suspected of terrorist activities
d. a reduction in the amount of evidence that law enforcement agents need to gather
before taking a terrorist suspect into custody
Inmates who compile extensive misconduct records are usually housed, along with
violent and repeat offenders, in a
____.
a. jail
b. maximum-security prison
c. medium-security prison
d. minimum-security prison
The due process model focuses more on the rights of the accused through formal, legal
restraints on the police, courts, and corrections.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is true regarding intermediate sanctions?
a. Intermediate sanctions are less restrictive than probation and more restrictive than
imprisonment.
b. Intermediate sanctions provide a number of additional sentencing options for
wrongdoers who require stricter supervision than that supplied by standard probation.
c. Intermediate sanctions are not designed to match specific punishment and treatment
of an individual offender with a corrections program that reflects the offender's
situation.
d. Intermediate sanctions are not intended to alleviate pressure on overcrowded
facilities and understaffed probation departments.
Lower courts that have jurisdiction over one specific area of criminal activity, such as
illegal drugs or domestic violence, are called:
a. problemsolving courts.
b. courts of limited jurisdiction.
c. courts of general jurisdiction.
d. trial courts.
Collectively, the discretionary decisions made by criminal justice professionals are said
to produce a(n):
a. due process model.
b. crime control model.
c. formal criminal justice process.
d. informal criminal justice process.
A police chief can issue an arrest warrant.
a. True
b. False
Case 8-1
Andrew was arrested and charged with second degree murder. His family was able to
gather enough money to retain a well-respected criminal defense attorney. His attorney
believes that it is very important to get Andrew out of jail on bail so he can assist him
with his defense. The community prefers that he remain in custody.
If the grand jury finds that probable cause exists, it issues a(n):
a. discovery.
b. examination.
c. indictment.
d. information.
Case 1-3
Chief Thomas is proud that the crime rates in his city have declined over the past year.
Violent, property, and juvenile crimes have decreased. The community feels safer and
the city commission wants to authorize more money to go into the crime-fighting
measures of the police department.
Chief Thomas wants to use the extra funding to increase the use of biometrics in his
police department. Which of
the following would Chief Thomas not consider biometrics?
a. fingerprints
b. hand geometry
c. facial features
d. bloodalcohol level
The Uniform Crime Report (UCR) reports on three measurements. Which of the
following is NOT one of them?
a. the number of persons arrested
b. the number of crimes reported by victims, witnesses, or the police themselves
c. the number of officers and support law enforcement specialists
d. the number of Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agents that compile the UCR
The most common form of juvenile corrections is probation.
a. True
b. False
At , good behavior was rewarded by early release, and misbehavior was punished with
extended time under a three-grade system of classification.
a. Auburn Prison
b. the Eastern Penitentiary
c. Elmira
d. the Western Penitentiary
There is no absolute right to appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court.
a. True
b. False
Part I offenses are recorded by the FBI to give a general idea of the "crime picture" in
the United States.
a. True
b. False
A homicide that results from the offender's carelessness, but occurs when the offender
lacks intent is classified as:
a. first degree murder.
b. second degree murder.
c. voluntary manslaughter.
d. involuntary manslaughter.
Which of the following is a Part I offense?
a. driving under the influence
b. embezzlement
c. drug abuse violations
d. larceny/theft
Statements in which judges express the reasons for the court's decision in a case are:
a. verdicts.
b. opinions.
c. recommendations.
d. oral arguments.
The Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act was passed in response to:
a. September 11, 2001.
b. the Oklahoma City Bombing.
c. Pearl Harbor.
d. the anthrax mailings.
The rate of imprisonment is especially high for minorities who are young and
unemployed.
a. True
b. False
Legally a victim has no role in the prosecution of an offender.
a. True
b. False
Case 1-2
Beth was arrested by the San Francisco Police Department for the crime of burglary.
San Francisco is in the state of California. She is charged with a violation of state law.
In the state of California, burglary is a felony.
Which would NOT be a sentence handed down by the judge in Beth's case if she were
found guilty of the
offense?
a. probation
b. prison
c. parole
d. a workrelease center
Though overall rates of juvenile offending have been dropping, the one particular group
of juveniles that has become more involved in the juvenile justice system than ever
before is that of:
a. girls.
b. Hispanic males.
c. Caucasian males.
d. Asian males.
Violence by inmates is used to establish the prisoner hierarchy by separating the
powerful from the weak.
a. True
b. False
The age at which a youth first exhibits delinquent behavior is .
Explore the phenomenon of case attrition. Use a description of the criminal justice
funnel in your explanation.
Describe the one variable that always correlates highly with juvenile crime rates.
thinking is needed for an ethical response.
Protecting witnesses who put themselves in danger by testifying against the targets of
federal criminal investigations is the duty of .
The Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) are compiled by the .
The Supreme Court does not normally hear any evidence; instead it bases its decision
on the written record of the case and , which are the arguments presented in person
rather than on paper.
are authorized to hold pretrial detainees and offenders who have committed
misdemeanors.
Criminal reflects those acts that we, as a society, agree are so unacceptable that steps
must be taken to prevent them from occurring.
Each courtroom has a or calendar of cases.
occurs when the intent to kill may be present but malice is lacking.
is when the juvenile offender repays his or her victim, either directly or symbolically
through community service.
are the moral principles that govern a person's perception of right and wrong.
When sentencing by is allowed, the practice is popular with prosecutors because they
are more likely than judges to give harsh sentences.
Deadly force can be used in self-defense if there is a that imminent death or bodily
harm will otherwise result, if the attacker is using unlawful force.
