Duress, self-defense, entrapment, and necessity are examples of excuse defenses.
a. True
b. False
If a law enforcement officer has a search warrant authorizing him to search for a
desktop computer located in the office of the suspect’s house, where can he look during
the search procedure for this evidence?
a. the living room
b. any room in the house
c. in the office
d. in a medicine cabinet
Violent crime is commonplace in American schools.
a. True
b. False
All of the following are reasons that a defendant pleads not guilty EXCEPT:
a. gain a more favorable plea bargain.
b. challenge a crucial part of the evidence based on constitutional grounds.
c. he or she is unsatisfied with his or her public defender and demands a new lawyer.
d. submit one of the affirmative defenses available.
Case 11-1
Mr. Johnson was hired by the head of the department of corrections to run the new
prison that was being constructed. It is designed to hold up to 3000 inmates. Mr.
Johnson was given the authority to develop a prison system that he feels will be most
effective in dealing with the inmate population. His annual budget will be $90 million.
Since Mr. Johnson will be responsible for the organization and performance of the
correctional facility, what will be his title?
a. deputy
b. mayor
c. sheriff
d. warden
“Good time” is a reduction in time served by prisoners based on good behavior,
conformity to rules, and other positive actions.
a. True
b. False
A punishment-oriented form of probation in which the offender is placed under stricter
and more frequent surveillance and control than conventional probation by probation
officers with limited caseloads is a(n):
a. day reporting center.
b. home confinement.
c. intensive supervision probation.
d. pretrial diversion program.
Advocates of the death penalty argue that it is a strong general deterrent.
a. True
b. False
A is the disciplinarian of the prison, responsible for policing and transporting the
inmates.
a. captain
b. lieutenant
c. officer
d. sergeant
The number of women incarcerated in prisons has begun to slowly decline.
a. True
b. False
Intelligence-led policing causes police administrators to need more funding to be able
to deploy more police officers.
a. True
b. False
Case 8-1
Andrew was arrested and charged with second degree murder. His family was able to
gather enough money to retain a well-respected criminal defense attorney. His attorney
believes that it is very important to get Andrew out of jail on bail so he can assist him
with his defense. The community prefers that he remain in custody.
At which step leading up to the criminal trial will the judge make the decision to set bail
or order Andrew to remain in jail awaiting his trial?
a. booking
b. initial appearance
c. indictment
d. arraignment
Police officers engage in low visibility decision making when working with juvenile
offenders.
a. True
b. False
Which one is NOT a specific challenge used in counterterrorism?
a. the need to focus scarce resources to prevent and fight crimes that are relatively
uncommon
b. patrolling neighborhoods in cars
c. dealing with the scrutiny that comes with crimes that often have international
implications
d. the difficult task of gathering information, or intelligence, about crimes before they
happen
Electronic surveillance of a suspect cannot last more than without a judicial extension.
a. 10 days
b. 30 days
c. 60 days
d. 90 days
An inchoate offense is an attempted or incomplete offense.
a. True
b. False
Spam is a computer program that can automatically replicate itself over a network and
interfere with the normal use of a computer.
a.True
b.False
When the wrongful threat of one person induces another person to perform an act that
he or she would otherwise not perform, exists.
a. duress
b. entrapment
c. necessity
d. self-defense
About % of all criminal defendants in the United States are represented by public
defenders or other appointed counsel.
a. 50
b. 75
c. 90
d. 95
Which level of prisons is defined as “a correctional institution that houses less
dangerous inmates and therefore uses less restrictive measures to avoid violence and
escapes”?
a. maximum-security prisons
b. medium-security prisons
c. minimum-security prisons
d. supermax prisons
For Miranda to be required, a suspect must be in custody and also:
a. transported to the police station.
b. restrained in handcuffs.
c. held at the police station.
d. interrogated.
The incentive to privatize is primarily financial.
a. True
b. False
Judges, prosecutors, and defense attorneys typically do not cooperate with one another.
a. True
b. False
Case 2-2
Mayor Smith is the newly elected mayor of Anytown, USA. He is concerned with the
increasing crimes rates in his city. He schedules a meeting with Chief Gomez, who has
been the chief of the police department since 1990. He plans to discuss crime trends and
ways to collect data to be able to measure the overall crime rate in Anytown, USA.
Mayor Smith asks what specific information is measured by this report. Chief Gomez
explains that the report measures all of the following except:
a. the number of persons arrested.
b. the number of crimes reported by victims, witnesses, or the police themselves.
c. the number of law enforcement officers.
d. the number of persons convicted of crimes.
A theory is:
a. a relationship between two variables in which they vary together.
b. an educated guess by a criminologist about the relationship between two variables.
c. a statement in which a variable is denoted as the cause of change in another variable.
d. an explanation for a phenomenon based on observation, experimentation, and
reasoning.
Which statement below is incorrect?
a. Ethics in criminal justice are closely related to the concept of justice.
b. Critical thinking is needed for an ethical response.
c. Intuition is enough for law enforcement to act.
d. Discretion in criminal justice can present a potential for abuse.
Attorney-client privilege does not apply when:
a. the client provides information on a crime that he or she plans to commit.
b. the client admits to a past offense.
c. the client admits to murder.
d. the client admits to particularly heinous crimes including torture.
In , the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that confessions of suspects not notified of due
process rights are invalid.
a. InreGault
b. Mappv.Ohio
c. Gideonv.Wainwright
d. Mirandav.Arizona
If the defendant waives her or his right to trial by jury, a bench trial takes place in which
a judge decides questions of legality and fact, and no jury is involved.
a. True
b. False
Case 11-2
The state of Florida, like many other states is facing extreme financial problems. The
legislature was called into an emergency session to pass a budget. One of the major
areas of discussion is the state prison system. After hours of debate and discussion, the
lawmakers are not reaching a consensus on how to cut the corrections budget.
The lawmakers in favor of privatization make the argument that the federal government
is utilizing private prisons and that the number of federal inmates in private prisons
more than doubled between 2000 and 2010. The current emphasis on imprisoning
violators of law seems likely to ensure that this trend will continue.
a. bankruptcy
b. rug
c. immigration
d. terrorism
With few exceptions, county sheriffs are:
a. appointed by the governor.
b. appointed by the mayor and the city council.
c. elected by a popular vote.
d. promoted from within the sheriff’s agency.
The American prison system is coming under increased scrutiny because its focus is on
discipline and separate
inmates, rather than preparing them for their release.
a. True
b. False
Almost two-thirds of jails in this country house fewer than:
a. 100 inmates.
b. 25 inmates.
c. 50 inmates.
d. 200 inmates.
What type of policing relies on data concerning past crime patterns to predict future
crime patterns?
a. community policing
b. intelligence-led policing
c. proactive policing
d. reactive policing
The Federal Bureau of Investigation operates the largest crime laboratory in the world.
a. True
b. False
regulates perceptions of pleasure and reward.
Chemical messages known as have been linked to criminal activity.
List common responsibilities of sheriff’s departments.
is reasonable grounds to believe the existence of facts warranting certain actions, such
as the search or arrest of a person.
According to social disorganization theory, which four factors lead to criminal behavior
in high-crime neighborhoods?
occurs when hiring and promotion decisions are based on individual characteristics,
such as gender or race, and not on job-related factors.
Juvenile corrections are based on the concept of .
With , the offender spends a certain amount of time each week, usually the weekends,
in a jail, workhouse, or other government institution.
Provide an overview of the recruitment process, requirements, and training of police
officers.
List and discuss the three primary purposes/goals of police patrol.
Identify and describe the four forms of punishment.
Explain the structure of a typical state court system
Supermax prisons operate in a state of perpetual , in which all inmates are confined to
their cells.
A _____________ is an identifiable group of three or more individuals who pose a
threat to the safety of other inmates or members of the corrections community.
is a form of child abuse in which the child is denied certain necessities such as shelter,
food, care, and love.
The system was used at Auburn, where inmates worked and ate together, with silence
enforced by guards.
Before going to a judge to ask for a search warrant, officers must prepare a(n) in which
they provide specific, written information on the property that they wish to search and
seize.
Consider the following example: Johnny mistakenly walks off with Jenny’s suitcase
because he thought it was his.
Which defense could Johnny use against theft charges and why would that be a valid
defense?
The is the requirement that a person claiming self-defense prove that she or he took
reasonable steps to avoid the conflict that resulted in the use of deadly force.
List five screening factors that prosecutors use to determine which cases to pursue.