54. In juvenile court, the judge has wide discretion in disposing of each case.
a. True
b. False
55. Skipping school is considered a status offense.
a. True
b. False
56. Instead of trying to determine guilt or innocence, the parties involved in the juvenile court work together in the best
interests of the child, with the emphasis on rehabilitation rather than punishment.
a. True
b. False
57. The first decision to extend due process rights to children in juvenile courts was In re Gault.
a. True
b. False
58. The decision in McKeiver v. Pennsylvania represented the one instance in which the Court did not move the
juvenile court further toward the adult model.
a. True
b. False
59. The Court banned laws in 28 states that made life-without-parole sentences mandatory for juveniles convicted of
murder.
a. True
b. False
60. Violent crime is commonplace in American schools.
a. True
b. False
61. The national population of juvenile inmates increased between 2008 and 2010.
a. True
b. False
62. The older a person is the less likely he or she will be to exhibit criminal behavior.
a. True
b. False
63. The earlier a youth enters the juvenile justice system, the more likely he or she will become a violent offender.
a. True
b. False
64. Current research shows that the majority of gang members today are white.
a. True
b. False
65. Police officers engage in low visibility decision making when working with juvenile offenders.
a. True
b. False
66. During intake, an official of the juvenile court must decide, in effect, what to do with the offender.
a. True
b. False
67. Juveniles are most commonly transferred to adult courts through prosecutorial waiver.
a. True
b. False
68. During the adjudicatory hearing, juvenile defendants have the right to present their cases to a jury.
a. True
b. False
69. Most states provide for a bifurcated process in which a separate disposition hearing follows the adjudicatory
hearing.
a. True
b. False
70. The most common form of juvenile corrections is probation.
a. True
b. False
71. The primary concern during the disposition hearing is to determine a sentence that will serve the needs of the child,
rather than one that will protect the community.
a. True
b. False
72. Boot camps are a good example of residential treatment programs.
a. True
b. False
73. No juvenile correctional facility is called a “prison.”
a. True
b. False
74. Training schools have many of the same problems as adult prisons and jails, including drug abuse and overcrowding.
a. True
b. False
75. A doctrine that holds that the state has a responsibility to look after the well-being of children and to assume the
role of parent if necessary is __________________________.
76. The state of created the first court specifically for juveniles.
77. In the juvenile court, children are not “found guilty,” they are instead .
78. refers to conduct that would be criminal if committed by an adult.
79. In , the Supreme Court held that juveniles are entitled to many of the same due process
rights granted to adult offenders, including notice of charges, the right to counsel, the privilege against self-
incrimination, and the right to confront and cross–examine witnesses.
80. Many researchers believe that by the age of an adolescent has the same ability as an adult to
make a competent decision.
81. Overt acts taken by students with the goal of intimidating, harassing, or humiliating other students is known as
____________________________.
82. The age at which a youth first exhibits delinquent behavior is .
83. is a form of child abuse in which the child is denied certain necessities
such as shelter, food, care, and love.
84. A is the notification process through which a law enforcement officer or other
concerned citizen makes the juvenile court aware of a juvenile’s unlawful or unruly conduct.
85. During intake, an officer of the juvenile court, usually a , but sometimes a judge,
must decide what to do with the offender.
86. The is the formal document outlining the charges against the juvenile.
87. is when the juvenile offender repays his or her victim, either directly or symbolically
through community service.
88. Twenty-nine states have taken the waiver out of judicial hands through , also known as legislative
waiver.
89. During the , the juvenile court determines whether there is sufficient evidence to
support the initial petition.
90. A usually contains information concerning the respondent’s family
background, the facts surrounding the delinquent act, and interviews with social workers, teachers, and other
important figures in the child’s life.
91. Juvenile corrections are based on the concept of .
92. Foster care programs, group homes, and rural programs are examples of
_________________________________.
93. include wilderness camps, farms, and ranches where children are placed in an
environment that provides recreational activities and treatment programs.
94. Juveniles who are released from secure facilities are placed in programs.
95. Describe the child–saving movement and its relationship to the doctrine of parens patriae.
96. Discuss the four major differences between juvenile courts and adult courts.
97. Discuss the difference between juvenile delinquents and status offenders.
98. Identify and briefly discuss the single most important Supreme Court case with respect to juvenile justice.
99. Discuss at least three other important court decisions ruling on juvenile court procedures.
100. Explain the four elements that are part of bullying.
101. What is the “chronic 6 percent”?
102. Describe the one variable that always correlates highly with juvenile crime rates.
103. Differentiate between child abuse and child neglect and how they contribute to juvenile delinquency.
Abuse by parents plays a substantial role in juvenile delinquency. Child abuse
o
can be defined as the infliction of physical or emotional damage on a child.
104. Discuss some of the reasons why juveniles join gangs.
105. Describe the four primary stages of pretrial juvenile justice procedure.
106. Discuss the four categories of residential treatment programs for juveniles.