62. The highest appellate court in a state is usually called the supreme court.
a. True
b. False
63. Every state has at least one federal district court.
a. True
b. False
64. There is no absolute right to appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court.
a. True
b. False
65. Supreme Court Justices may write concurring opinions, outlining the reason why they feel the majority’s decision
erred.
a. True
b. False
66. Most judges, in fact, work at the appellate level of the system.
a. True
b. False
67. As most cases are decided through plea bargains rather than through trial proceedings, the judge often offers his or
her services as a negotiator to help the prosecution and the defense “make a deal.”
a. True
b. False
68. Judges, prosecutors, and defense attorneys typically do not cooperate with one another.
a. True
b. False
69. The courtroom workgroup consists of the judge and jury.
a. True
b. False
70. The clerk of the court has an exhausting list of responsibilities, including recording every word that is said in the
courtroom.
a. True
b. False
71. The attorney general is the chief law enforcement officer in any state.
a. True
b. False
72. Prosecutors are generally considered the most dominant figures in the American criminal justice system.
a. True
b. False
73. Prosecutors in every state and in the federal government are elected officials and must answer to the voters.
a. True
b. False
74. Generally speaking, there are two different types of defense attorneys: (1) private attorneys, who are hired by
individuals, and (2) public defenders, who work for the government.
a. True
b. False
75. It is possible for a person to waive his or her Sixth Amendment right to an attorney and act as his or her own
defense attorney.
a. True
b. False
76. If a defendant provides less than truthful information there is no attorney-client privilege.
a. True
b. False
77. A client is protected by attorney-client privilege if the client reveals a past crime.
a. True
b. False
78. The crime control, due process, and rehabilitation functions of a court are secondary to its
____________________ function.
79. The function of the courts emphasizes punishment and retribution.
80. The power to “speak the law” refers to ___________________________.
81.
The situation that occurs when two or more courts have the authority to preside over the same criminal case is
called jurisdiction.
82. is the process by which one jurisdiction surrenders a person accused or convicted of
violating another jurisdiction’s criminal law to the second jurisdiction.
83. The is the separate but interrelated court system of the United States, made up
of the courts at the national level and the courts at the state level.
84. are public civil officers or officials with limited judicial authority within a particular
geographic area.
85. Many states have created , which retain jurisdiction over very narrowly defined areas of
criminal justice.
86. ________ courts deal only with illegal substance crimes.
87. The court of final resort in the United States is the .
88. The federal court system consists of U.S. district courts, U.S. courts of appeals, and
89. Written statements by the judges expressing the reasons for the court’s decision in a case are commonly known as
____________________.
90. At the present time, there are judicial districts.
91. is the power of a court to review the actions of the executive and legislative branches
and, if necessary, declare those actions unconstitutional.
92. A rule that the U.S. Supreme Court will not issue a writ of certiorari unless at least four justices approve it is
known as the _________________________.
93. The Supreme Court does not normally hear any evidence; instead it bases its decision on the written record of the
case and , which are the arguments presented in person rather than on paper.
94. are separate opinions in which the judges disagree with the conclusion
reached by the majority of the court and expand on their own views about the case.
95. ___________ court judges—including the justices of the Supreme Court—are appointed by the president of the
United States, and are subject to the approval of the Senate.
96. In the role of , the judge is responsible for seeing that the trial unfolds according to the
dictates of the law and that the participants in the trial do not overstep any legal or ethical bounds.
97. Each courtroom has a or calendar of cases.
98. Judges can grant to the attorneys, which is additional time to prepare for the trial.
99. In elections a judicial candidate declares allegiance to a political party.
100. The is the dominant figure in the courtroom and therefore exerts the most influence over the values
and norms of the workgroup.
101. have the power to bring the resources of the state against the individual, and
they hold the legal keys to meting out or withholding punishment.
102. The is responsible for maintaining security and order in the judge’s chambers and the
courtroom.
103. The modern role of the public defender was established by the Supreme Court’s interpretation of the Sixth
Amendment in the case of __________________________________.
104. Explain the different functions of the court.
105. What is jurisdiction? Explain briefly the difference between geographic and subject-matter jurisdiction.
106. Explain what happens with regard to jurisdiction if a person has committed a state and federal crime.
107. Explain the difference between trial and appellate courts.
108. Explain the dual court system of the United States.
The system of federalism lends itself to create a federal court system along with
o
each state having its own court system.
109. Explain the structure of a typical state court system
110. List the four tiers of the typical state court system.
111. Explain the federal court system
112. List the three tiers of the federal model.
113. Explain how a case is brought before the Supreme Court.
114. Explain the roles and responsibilities of judges before the trial.
115. Identify the reasons for the low minority representation on the bench.
116. List and describe the members of the courtroom workgroup.
117. List the different names given to public prosecutors and indicate the general powers that they have.
118. What are the responsibilities of the defense attorney?
119. List seven responsibilities of defense attorneys.