Which pattern of inmate behavior includes following rules and generally doing
whatever is necessary to speed up their release so they can continue their chosen
careers?
a. disorganized criminal
b. doing time
c. gleaning
d. jailing
Case 13-1
Donovan is 16 years old. He has been getting into trouble at school and not listening to
his parents at home. He is also hanging out with a new group of kids in the
neighborhood. His parents are growing frustrated with his antics. They finally called the
police when it was 2 a.m. and he had not returned home.
Which case entitles Donovan to the same due process rights granted to adult offenders,
including notice of charges, the right to counsel, and the privilege against
self-incrimination?
a. Kentv.UnitedStates
b. InreGault
c. InreWinship
d. Breedv.Jones
Police officers are allowed discretionary powers because they may find themselves in
danger of physical harm and must be allowed to take reasonable steps to protect
themselves.
a. True
b. False
Terrorists have evolved into nonstate actors, free of control by or allegiance to any
nation.
a.True
b.False
states that lying, stealing, bullying, and other conduct problems that occur in childhood
are the strongest predictors of future criminal behavior.
a. Learning theory
b. Life course criminology
c. Psychological theory
d. Control theory
This theory believes that criminals must be taught both the practical and emotional
skills necessary to participate in illegal activity.
a. labeling theory
b. learning theory
c. social process theory
d. trait theory
Case 8-1
Andrew was arrested and charged with second degree murder. His family was able to
gather enough money to retain a well-respected criminal defense attorney. His attorney
believes that it is very important to get Andrew out of jail on bail so he can assist him
with his defense. The community prefers that he remain in custody.
The judge decides to set Andrew’s bail at $1.5 million. Andrew’s family owns a home
that is worth $1 million. They want to use this property to post Andrew’s bail. What is
the most likely result of this request?
a. The judge will approve the property bond because it is close to the bail amount.
b. The judge will approve the property bond because the value of the property must be
at least half of the set bail.
c. The judge will not approve the bail because the property is not equal to the bail
amount.
d. The judge will not approve the bail because the property is not valued at double the
bail amount.
The rules, orders, and decisions of regulatory agencies make up:
a. administrative law.
b. case law.
c. constitutional law.
d. statutory law.
Similar to the sentencing hearing for adults, a(n) hearing is when the juvenile judge
decides the appropriate punishment for a youth found to be delinquent or a status
offender.
a. adjudicatory
b. discretionary
c. disposition
d. diversionary
Case 10-1
Scott is a 24-year-old high school dropout. He has been in and out of trouble with the
law since he was a teenager, committing mostly public nuisance offenses such as
disorderly conduct and public intoxication. His girlfriend just broke up with him
because he had no ambition in his life and she did not want to take care of him. She
threw him out of her apartment. Scott just agreed to plead guilty for the crime of
burglary after he broke into his exgirlfriend’s car to steal the change that she keeps in
the cup-holder.
The defense attorney is worried that sending Scott to jail will only make Scott’s
situation worse. While his court case was pending, Scott got a job at a local grocery
store and has started to clean up his act. The defense attorney would prefer that if Scott
were to plead guilty to the offense, he would not be required to serve any jail time
immediately. He prefers that Scott be given a chance to prove himself and only have to
serve time in jail if he reoffends. This type of sentence is known as a(n):
a. boot camp.
b. shock incarceration.
c. shock probation.
d. suspended sentence.
Case 5-1
Officer Richards was driving his beat when he saw a man running down the street at the
same time that he received a radio dispatch that a convenience store was robbed and the
cashier shot. Officer Richard jumps out of his car and chases the man down. He arrested
the man because he believed this was the man that just committed an armed robbery at
the local convenience store. In the robbery, the cashier was shot three times. There were
also bullet holes in the wall. When arresting the suspect, Officer Richards did not find a
gun on the suspect’s person.
While placing the suspect under arrest, there was no resistance. What level of force
would Officer Richards appropriately be able to use?
a. officer presence
b. verbal commands
c. intermediate weapons like a baton or taser
d. deadly force
Maximum-security prisons tend to be small, holding under 500 inmates.
a. True
b. False
Learning theory was popularized by:
a. Cesare Lombroso.
b. Clifford Shaw.
c. Edwin Sutherland.
d. Henry McKay.
Chief Gomez explains that the report is divided into two major categories: Part I and
Part II offenses. Mayor Smith asks the difference between the two reports. Chief Gomez
explains that Part I offenses are more serious offenses. Chief Gomez gives the mayor
examples of Part I offenses. Which of the following would not be considered a Part I
offense?
a. aggravated assault
b. drug abuse violations
c. motor vehicle theft
d. robbery
When a consumer orders an item online and it is never delivered, this is an example of:
a. white-collar crime.
b. cyber theft.
c. online retail fraud.
d. online auction fraud.
What is the deprivation model?
a. The deprivation model theorizes that the most effective method of dealing with
inmate violence is to deprive inmates of privileges such as access to television and
recreation.
b. The deprivation model theorizes that inmate aggression is the result of the frustration
inmates feel at being deprived of freedom, consumer goods, sex, and other staples of
life normally available outside the institution.
c. The deprivation model theorizes that inmate aggression is the result of the frustration
inmates feel at being deprived of quality food, time outdoors, and exercise.
d. The deprivation model theorizes that depriving inmates of visits from associates in
the free world will significantly reduce the amount of contraband that enters the prison
facility.
A person’s race or ethnicity alone cannot provide reasonable suspicion for stops and
frisks.
a. True
b. False
According to the Kansas City Experiment, increasing or decreasing random patrol had
little or no impact on the crime rate.
a. True
b. False
The most restrictive level of home monitoring is:
a. curfew.
b. home detention.
c. home incarceration.
d. electronic monitoring.
A police officer who accepts free “gifts,” such as cigarettes, liquor, or services, in return
for favorable treatment of
the gift giver is said be participating in mooching.
a. True
b. False
Which agency is charged with investigating over 200 federal crimes, including
kidnapping, bank robbery, and gambling?
a. ATF
b. DEA
c. FBI
d. U.S. Secret Service
Case 8-1
Andrew was arrested and charged with second degree murder. His family was able to
gather enough money to retain a well-respected criminal defense attorney. His attorney
believes that it is very important to get Andrew out of jail on bail so he can assist him
with his defense. The community prefers that he remain in custody.
Andrew’s attorney believes that it may be in Andrew’s best interest to plead guilty to the
charges against him. His attorney is concerned that the evidence against Andrew is
overwhelming and a jury will most likely find him guilty if they go to trial. Andrew
decides to plead guilty in exchange for a 15-year prison sentence. What form must
Andrew complete that proves Andrew is pleading guilty voluntarily and with full
comprehension of the consequences?
a. Alford form
b. Boykin form
c. Gideon form
d. Miranda form
Constitutional guarantees, such as the right to counsel, the right to a jury trial, and
protection from self-incrimination, are part of which function?
a. crime control
b. due process
c. bureaucratic
d. public protection
Police officers can never arrest someone without an arrest warrant.
a. True
b. False
The vast majority of law enforcement agencies monitor social media to find leads on
criminal activity.
a. True
b. False
The earlier a youth enters the juvenile justice system, the more likely he or she will
become a violent offender.
a. True
b. False
The remedy for a violation of civil law is:
a. monetary damages awarded to the plaintiff.
b. probation up to 5 years.
c. a fine paid to the state or county.
d. incarceration up to 1 year.
Which Amendment states that no person ‘shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a
witness against himself”?
a. Fourth
b. Fifth
c. Sixth
d. Eighth
Expiration release, also known as “maxing out,” occurs when an inmate has served the
maximum amount of time on
the initial sentence, minus reductions for good-time credits.
a. True
b. False
Explain the difference between active and passive sex offender notification laws.
a)No two sex offender notification laws have exactly the same provisions, but all are
Police officers use physical force in about 25% of police-public encounters.
a. True
b. False
Case 1-1
John had a family member who was killed in the 9/11 attacks on the Twin Towers. He
really wants to be involved in combating terrorism in the United States. He one day
wants to work in law enforcement. He contacts a local police department’s recruiting
office to learn about job opportunities and speaks with Officer Jones.
Officer Jones explains to John what the crime of terrorism is. Which of the following is
true concerning terrorism?
a. Terrorism is a set on interacting parts that, when functioning properly, achieve a
desired result.
b. Terrorism always consists of a group of people, usually three or more.
c. Terrorism is the use or threat of violence to achieve political objectives.
d. The need to respond to terrorist threat led politicians to create the Department of
Justice.
Prostitution and gambling are examples of .
A prisoner is aware that he or she is eligible for as soon as the minimum time has been
served.
Probation is under the domain of the .
A judge has the ability to change the location of the trial to increase the likelihood of an
unbiased jury. This is called
____________.
The Pennsylvania System used the , which was a nineteenth-century penitentiary in
which inmates were kept apart from one another at all times, with daily activities taking
place in individual cells.
The is the group of citizens from which the jury is selected.
A is a procedure through which the citizens of a state, by collecting enough signatures,
can force a public vote on a proposed change to a state law.
Explain what tokenism is.
conditions usually reflect the seriousness of the offense and are intended to increase the
punishment of the offender.
Describe the formal prison management system, including organization and
management.
Identify the four federal regulatory agencies that deal with whitecollar crime.
Explain community policing and its contribution to the concept of problem-oriented
policing.
Identify the reasons for the low minority representation on the bench.
Since the mid-1900s, a number of metropolitan areas have introduced call systems to
reduce the strain on 911 operations.
Outline and provide a short description of each of the six steps leading to a trial.
Provide three examples of aggravating and three examples of mitigating circumstances.
Inmates who are working to improve themselves to prepare for a return to society are .
Compare and contrast victim surveys and self-reported surveys.
Outline and discuss the four major sources that may provide probable cause.
The two types of state law enforcement agencies are __________ and
______________.