1. A hierarchically structured administrative organization that carries out specific functions is a:
a. bureaucracy. b. delegation.
c. chain of command. d. strategy.
2. What is the ultimate goal of a bureaucratic organization, such as a police department?
a. administration development b. efficiency
c. low employee turnover d. work satisfaction for the employee
3. What is the smallest stretch of area that a police officer or group of police officers regularly patrol?
a. beat b. district
c. station d. zone
4. Which of the following is NOT a purpose of police patrol listed in the text?
a. deterrence of crime
b. maintenance of public order
c. improvement of public attitudes toward the police
d. provision of services that are not crime related
5. The majority of a patrol officer’s time is spent on:
a. preventive patrol. b. calls for service.
c. administrative duties. d. officer–initiated activities.
6. Paperwork takes up to of a patrol officer’s time.
a. 20% b. 40%
c. 60% d. 80%
7. Studies have suggested that only calls to the police involve the report of criminal activity.
a. one in two
b. one in three
c. one in four
d. one in five
8. After a crime has been committed and the patrol officer has gathered preliminary information from a crime scene,
the responsibility of identifying the offender is delegated to the:
a. detective. b. internal affairs unit.
c. patrol officer. d. police chief.
9. The most common way for someone to become a detective is to:
a. attend graduate school in criminal justice.
b. attend specialized training in the field.
c. earn an undergraduate college degree.
d. be promoted from patrol officer.
10. Aggressive investigation strategies include:
a. crackdowns. b. undercover operations.
c. roadblocks. d. increased patrol of hot spots.
11. Because of , police officers are limited in what they can do to convince the target of an undercover
operation to participate in an illegal activity.
a. duress b. entrapment
c. necessity d. self-defense
12. Today, most undercover officers are used to infiltrate large-scale operations.
a. burglary b. car theft
c. narcotics d. serial killer
13. tThe term “clearance rate” refers to:
a. the percentage of reported crimes.
b. the percentage of crimes that result in arrest and prosecution.
c. the percentage of crimes that result in a criminal conviction.
d. the percentage of stolen goods that are returned to victims of crime.
14. Which crime is investigated most thoroughly and thus results in the highest clearance rates?
a. burglary b. computer theft
c. murder d. stolen vehicle
15. Which is NOT an example of trace evidence?
a. ballistics b. blood
c. fingerprints d. hair
16. For more than a century, the most important piece of trace evidence has been:
a. DNA. b. the human fingerprint.
c. human hair. d. blood evidence.
17. Ballistics is the study of:
a. DNA. b. fingerprinting.
c. firearms. d. response time.
18. DNA fingerprinting emerged in the:
a. 1970s.
b. 1980s.
c. 1990s.
d. 2000s.
19. The establishment of a connection between a suspect and a crime, often through the use of DNA evidence, in the
absence of an ongoing investigation is a:
a. proactive solve. b. clearance rate.
c. random hit. d. cold hit.
20. A database containing the DNA of more than 4.5 million people is:
a. CODIS. b. AFIS.
c. IBIS. d. NCVS.
21. Who operated the National Combined DNA Index System?
a. ATF b. DEA
c. FBI d. ICE
22. A reactive approach to policing that emphasizes a speedy response to calls for service is:
a. community policing. b. directed policing.
c. problem-oriented policing. d. incident-driven policing.
23. Time elapsed between the instant a call for service is received and the instant a police officer arrives on the scene,
otherwise referred to as , has become a benchmark for police efficiency.
a. differential response b. directed patrol
c. incident-driven policing d. response time
24. In which type of patrol do officers make the rounds of a specific area with the purpose of carrying out the various
patrol functions?
a. directed b. incident–driven
c. general d. scattered indirect
25. The Kansas City Experiment showed that decreasing preventive patrol:
a. had little or no impact on crime.
b. decreased crime.
c. increased crime.
d. increased the number of reported offenses.
26. An area that is concentrated with high criminal activity to which there is a directed police response is a:
a. depressed spot. b. heavy spot.
c. hot spot. d. crime spot.
27. What type of technology is utilized by police departments to locate and identify hot spots?
a. arrest rates b. crime mapping
c. preventive patrol d. rapid response
28. The “broken windows theory” is based on the theory that by cracking down on crimes, police can
significantly reduce all crime in an area.
a. felony b. property
c. quality–of–life d. violent
29. A policing philosophy that moves beyond responding to incidents and attempts to solve the root causes of criminal
behavior is:
a. problem-oriented policing. b. community policing.
c. incident-driving policing. d. proactive policing.
30. can be defined as an approach that promotes community-police relations.
a. Directed patrol
b. Random patrol
c. Proactive patrol
d. Community policing
31. A broad term used to describe the basic assumptions and values that permeate law enforcement agencies and are
taught to new members of a law enforcement agency as the proper way to think, perceive, and act is called:
a. the blue curtain. b. police cynicism.
c. the police subculture. d. socialization.
32. Which of the following is defined as “a metaphorical term used to refer to the value placed on secrecy and the
general mistrust of the outside world shared by many police officers”?
a. blue curtain b. police sarcasm
c. police cynicism d. police subculture
33. Which one is NOT an internal pressure of police officers that causes stress?
a. the need to comply with the law
b. limited opportunities for career and advancement
c. excessive paperwork
d. low wages and benefits
34. Police officers often have high levels of , otherwise known as the stress hormone.
a. dopamine
b. cortisol
c. proposol
d. adrenaline
35. The use of force by police officers occurs in about % of all police-public encounters.
a. 9 b. 4
c. 1 d. 6
36. In , the U.S. Supreme Court set the limits for the use of deadly force by law enforcement officers.
a. Miranda v. Arizona (1966) b. Tennessee v. Garner (1985)
c. Graham v. Connor (1989) d. Roviaro v. United States (1957)
37. is the degree of force that is appropriate to protect the police officer or other citizens and is not
excessive.
a. Deadly force
b. Reasonable force
c. Sufficient force
d. Minimal force
38. is when an officer actively demands payment from an individual or a business in return for certain
services.
a. Gleaning b. Mooching
c. A payoff d. A shakedown
39. When police officers accept free gifts from citizens (a passive form of corruption), this is called:
a. a shakedown. b. a payoff.
c. mooching. d. bribery.
40. The is a division within a police department that receives and investigates complaints of wrongdoing by police
officers.
a. Administrative Department b. Citizen Oversight Committee
c. Ethics Department d. Internal Affairs Unit
41. According to Sherman, in the first stage of moral decline of a police officer, the officer:
a. accepts minor gratuities.
b. may force another party to pay for unwanted police services.
c. no longer passively accepts bribes.
d. takes in large amounts of money through involvement in drugs, gambling, or prostitution organizations.
Case 5-1
Officer Richards was driving his beat when he saw a man running down the street at the same time that he
received a radio dispatch that a convenience store was robbed and the cashier shot. Officer Richard jumps out of
his car and chases the man down. He arrested the man because he believed this was the man that just committed
an armed robbery at the local convenience store. In the robbery, the cashier was shot three times. There were also
bullet holes in the wall. When arresting the suspect, Officer Richards did not find a gun on the suspect’s person.
42. What category of routine patrol activity was Officers Richards participating in when he was driving down his beat
attempting to prevent crime from occurring?
a. preventive patrol
b. calls for service
c. administrative duties
d. officer-initiated activities
43. When crime scene investigators respond to the convenience store, what trace evidence will they immediately
protect from contamination?
a. blood
b. fingerprints
c. hair
d. all of these
44. Crime scene investigators will also study the ballistics at the crime scene. Ballistics is:
a. the study of firearms, including the weapon and the flight of the bullet.
b. the identification of a person based on a sample of her or his DNA.
c. the comparison of the number of crimes cleared compared to the number of crimes committed.
d. the time that passed between the call to report the robbery and when police arrived on the scene.
45. Officer Richards was patrolling this particular area because there had been multiple reports of robberies and illegal
narcotics transactions in this area at this time of day. Officer Richards was most likely participating in:
a. general patrol.
b. directed patrol.
c. crime mapping.
d. community policing.
46. While placing the suspect under arrest, there was no resistance. What level of force would Officer Richards
appropriately be able to use?
a. officer presence
b. verbal commands
c. intermediate weapons like a baton or taser
d. deadly force
Case 5-2
Officer Torres is new to the police force. She was the top of her class in the police academy and received positive
feedback from her field training officer. She has been on the job for approximately 1 year and has soon realized
that working as a police officer is very different from what they learned in the police academy.
47. Officer Torres is having a difficult time because many of her fellow officers are trying to “teach” her the way to
think, perceive, and act. This is known as:
a. proactive policing.
b. reactive policing.
c. police subculture.
d. police use of force.
48. Officer Torres’ fellow officers are very secretive with outsiders about the police department and generally mistrust
the outside world. This is known as the:
a. blue curtain.
b. green curtain.
c. red curtain.
d. yellow curtain.
49. Officer Torres believes that she is suffering from burnout and feels that there are many stressors that are causing
this. Which would NOT be considered a common stressor for law enforcement officers?
a. fear of being a victim of violent crime
b. the need to comply with the law in nearly every job action
c. lack of community support
d. positive media coverage
50. Officer Torres was recently in a situation where she was apprehending a burglary suspect. The suspect was
actively resisting by pulling away from Officer Torres and even attempted to punch her in the stomach. Which
weapon would Officer Torres not be allowed to use to subdue the offender?
a. baton
b. gun
c. strikes
d. taser
51. Officer Torres is also stressed because her partner, Officer Williams, often coerces money from local drug dealers
and keeps the money for himself. Officer Williams is using which type of police corruption?
a. bribery
b. extortion
c. mooching
d. shakedowns
52. In most police departments the police responsibilities are divided according to zones as well as by time.
a. True
b. False
53. The first goal of policing is to provide services to the community that are not crime related.
a. True
b. False
54. In large police departments, as many as two-thirds of all employees are sworn officers.
a. True
b. False
55. The vast majority of patrol shifts are completed without a single arrest.
a. True
b. False
56. Officer–initiated activities account for the most amount of patrol time.
a. True
b. False
57. Delegation of authority is a critical component of the chain of command, especially in large departments.
a. True
b. False
58. Officer–initiated activities account for the least amount of time.
a. True
b. False
59. Because there are more stolen vehicles than murders in most jurisdictions, law enforcement agencies use more
resources and time to investigate stolen vehicles than murders.
a. True
b. False
60. Confidential informants are generally police officers who are working undercover to infiltrate criminal organizations.
a. True
b. False
61. Police departments are only using DNA to solve murders and rapes.
a. True
b. False