Criminology: The Core 6th Edition

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1 Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1 Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1 True / False 1. Guns do not cause violence, but their presence can escalate its severity. a. True b. False ANSWER: True

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1 Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1 Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1 True / False 1. According to research in the text, most political criminals do not consider themselves antisocial but instead patriotic and altruistic.

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1 Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1 Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1 True / False 1. Economic crimes were even punished 3,000 years ago in the Code of Hammurabi. a. True b. False ANSWER:

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1 Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1 Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1 True / False 1. Public order crimes are outlawed because they threaten the general well-being of society and challenge societys accepted moral principles.

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1 Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1 Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1 True / False 1. The cyber age has generated an enormous amount of revenue and information sharing, with an estimated 190 billion email messages

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1 Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1 Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1 True / False 1. Criminology is an academic discipline that uses scientific methods to study the nature, extent, cause, and control of criminal behavior.

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1 Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1 Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1 True / False 1. The Bureau of Justice Statistics is the federal agency that collects data from local law enforcement agencies and publishes them

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1 Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1 Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1 True / False 1. Until about 50 years ago, crime victims were viewed by criminologists as passive targets who were considered to be in

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1 Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1 Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1 True / False 1. Rational choice theory has its roots in classical criminology and the work of Cesare Beccaria. a. True b.

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1 Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1 Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1 True / False 1. The early research of Lombroso and his contemporaries is regarded as scientific fact. a. True b. False ANSWER:

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1 Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1 Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1 True / False 1. People in the United States live in a stratified society in which social strata are created by the unequal distribution

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1 Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1 Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1 True / False 1. Social process criminologists focus on socialization rather than the environment when explaining crime. a. True b. False ANSWER:

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1 Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1 Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1 True / False 1. According to the conflict view, crime is a political concept designed to protect the power and position of the upper

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1 Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1 Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1 True / False 1. Developmental theories attempt to explain the natural history of a criminal career encompassing its onset, continuation, and termination. a.

Which of the following is not true about pornography a. Legal restrictions have made the prosecution of possession of pornography difficult especially for material involving children b. The scientific evidence linking pornography to violence is mixed. c. Sexually explicit films make up 15-30 percent of the home rental market. d. The Court redefined its

Although criminal offenders are people predisposed to crime, they are not robots who commit crime without restraint. According to the general theory of crime, change in the frequency of criminal activity is a function of ______. a. change in one's level of impulsivity b. change in one's level of self-control c. change in

Most of these hate crime incidents were motivated by ______. a. sexual orientation b. ethnicity c. religion d. race Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d Which of the following is not considered to contribute to a healthy diet, and thus to good mental health and well-adjusted behavior patterns? a. Polyunsaturated fatty acids b. Minerals c. Vitamins d. Heavy metals, such as lead

Criminologists should be ethical in their research because ______. a. they may face a jail sentence if they are not b. they are moral entrepreneurs c. the lives of millions of people may be influenced by their research d. they are seeking to validate their own theories Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c When video cameras set up

The creation of false emails or websites that look legitimate but are designed to gain illegal access to a victim's personal information a. phishing b. warez c. dumpster diving d. spearing Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a The illegal sale of counterfeit goods and illegal use of intellectual property to commit crime, such as stock manipulation, have been

Efforts to prevent crime through community organization and youth involvement are known as ______. a. preemptive deterrence b. general deterrence c. specific deterrence d. perspective deterrence Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a Which of the following is not true about election fraud according to the text? a. In some third-world nations' dictatorships, election fraud is the norm. b. Election fraud

Beth was a victim of childhood physical and sexual abuse. She is now 40 years old and is a well-respected journalist who works for a nationally known magazine. She also travels around the country speaking to crime victims. Beth wrote an article about the cycle of _____________, which explained that victims

Power-control theory is most credited to ______. a. John Hagan b. Robert Merton c. Meda Chesney-Lind d. Jake Gibbs Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a The police chief in Anytown, USA, is conducting weekly seminars where the residents of his city can come and learn about crime rates, crime trends, and crime patterns in their city. Every week

According to the U.S. Department of Education, minority students, especially boys, face much harsher discipline in public schools than other students. a. True b. False Answer: True Answer: True Answer: True People in the United States live in a stratified society in which social strata are created by the unequal distribution of wealth, power, and prestige. a.

Social disorganization theory was popularized by the work of two Chicago sociologists ______. a. Robert Agnew and Albert Cohen b. Robert Merton and Emile Durkheim c. Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay d. Paul Klenowski and Keith Bell Answer: c Answer: c Answer: c Trajectory theories assume there is more than one type of criminal and more than one

According to learning theories, even corporate executives may be exposed to procriminal definitions and learn to neutralize moral constraints. a. True b. False Answer: True Answer: True Answer: True Because crime rates are higher in lower-class areas, many criminologists believe that the causes of crime are rooted in socioeconomic factors. a. True b. False Answer: True Answer: True Answer: True Ponzi schemes

Wolfgang and associates' second cohort study found that 6 percent of female delinquents were chronic offenders. a. True b. False Answer: False Answer: False Answer: False The boyhood friend of a convicted murderer is interviewed by the media and reports that the offender was withdrawn, suspicious, and negativistic as a youth. This is an example of

Children who are psychologically, sexually, or physically abused are more likely to suffer low self-esteem and be more suicidal as adults. a. True b. False Answer: True Answer: True Answer: True Exhibitionism is the deriving of sexual pleasure from rubbing against a nonconsenting person in a crowd, elevator, or other public place. a. True b. False Answer: False Answer: False Answer:

What separates social learning theory from social control and social reaction theories is that social learning theory fails to recognize that criminal activity can be reversed and criminals can be turned around by proper socialization and interactions. a. True b. False Answer: False Answer: False Answer: False Which of Merton's social adaptations is most closely associated

The number of state-funded technical assistance offices to help local prosecutors has decreased significantly with less than 20 states offering such services. a. True b. False Answer: False Answer: False Answer: False Espionage is the practice of obtaining information about a government, organization, or society that is considered secret or confidential without the permission of the

Gottfredson and Hirschi trace the root cause of poor self-control to ______. a. lack of education b. inadequate child-rearing practices c. weak social bonds d. peer associations Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b Research has shown that family group conferencing is the least effective form of restoration because it is the only restoration program set entirely in a

Developmental theories attempt to provide a natural history of criminal careers by encompassing ______. a. its onset, continuation, and termination b. delinquency and criminal behaviors c. unidimensional and multidimensional treatment efforts d. offenders' race/ethnicity, age, and gender Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a The view that holds that terrorists join networks of terror because they are homesick while

By the eighteenth century, three separate groups of property criminals were active; these were skilled thieves, smugglers, and poachers. a. True b. False Answer: True Answer: True Answer: True Lockhead Martin, the world's largest aerospace company, announced it detected a significant cyber attack against its information systems that was thwarted. According to the text, this is

People with high-risk lifestyles have a lower risk of victimization. a. True b. False Answer: False Answer: False Answer: False Daniel Lee is a college professor at a mid-sized university in Maryland. He ran for city council and won in 2014 and his wife is the head of the PTA at his child's grade school. Both

In its purest form, __________ theory argues that even crimes such as murder, rape, and assault are only bad or evil because people label them as such. a. social control b. social reaction c. social structure d. social process Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b Instrumental theorists consider it essential to __________ law and justicethat is, to unmask its

Schools are the locale of a great deal of victimization because they are populated by a dangerous segment of society, teenage males. a. True b. False Answer: True Answer: True Answer: True __________, the most abundant androgen, has been linked to criminality. a. Testosterone b. Estrogen c. Serotonin d. Monoamine Answer: a Answer: a Answer: a Peacemaking criminologists seek nonviolent, humane alternatives to coercive

Which of the following is not true in regard to deterrence strategies for white-collar criminals? a. Strategies are aimed at creating conditions that induce conformity to the law. b. Deterrence systems are oriented toward apprehension and punishments. c. Justice system personnel now consider white-collar criminals as more serious than common-law thefts. d. Both fines

What separates a revolution from a coup is that revolutions rely on armed forces and violence, while coups traditionally are nonviolent? a. True b. False Answer: False Answer: False Answer: False The police chief in Anytown, USA, is conducting weekly seminars where the residents of his city can come and learn about crime rates, crime trends,

Late bloomers combine psychopathology with risk-taking behavior and poor social skills. a. True b. False Answer: True Answer: True Answer: True The crime and human nature model proposes that biological and psychological traits influence the crime"non-crime choice. a. True b. False Answer: True Answer: True Answer: True Social ecology school criminologists associate crime rates and the need for police services to ______. a.

Agencies of social control include all of the following except a. corrections b. courts c. police d. legislatures Answer: d Answer: d Answer: d Catherine was adopted at the age of 6. She is currently 14 years of age, attends public high school in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and her mother is a stay-at-home mom, while her father

Terrorist attacks against failed states are traditionally less lethal than attacks against other nations because the failed states have no strong leadership, and therefore, no direct target of the terrorist acts. a. True b. False Answer: False Answer: False Answer: False According to the routine activities theory, all of the following are considered capable guardians except

Studies conducted on twin behavior have detected a significant relationship between the criminal activities of _____ twins. a. AZ b. DZ c. MZ d. QZ Answer: b Answer: b Answer: b According to deterrence theory, not only does the actual chance of punishment influence criminality, but so does the perception of punishment. a. True b. False Answer: True Answer: True Answer: True The concept

The "Hierarchy Rule" impacts the validity of the National Crime Victimization Survey. a. True b. False Answer: False Answer: False Answer: False The term terrorist is often used interchangeably with the term guerrilla, but the terms are quite different. a. True b. False Answer: True Answer: True Answer: True Members of a grand jury are made up of law enforcement officers and