The “Hierarchy Rule” impacts the validity of the National Crime Victimization Survey.
a. True
b. False
The term terrorist is often used interchangeably with the term guerrilla, but the terms
are quite different.
a. True
b. False
Members of a grand jury are made up of law enforcement officers and judges.
a. True
b. False
In the case of Miller v. Alabama, the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that
criminological research is obsolete in the court system and has set a precedent for its
exclusion ever since.
a. True
b. False
Research on males and females indicates a strong association between victimization and
which personality characteristic?
a. Stubbornness
b. Impulsivity
c. Tenacity
d. Depression
Discovery of the chronic offender has forced criminologists to consider _____ in their
explanations of crime.
a. marriage and employment
b. supervision and control
c. persistence and desistence
d. age and gender
Based in Fairmont, WV, the Internet Crime Complaint Center is run by the FBI and the
National White Collar Crime Center with the goal to analyze fraud-related complaints.
a. True
b. False
Children who fail in school offend more frequently than those who graduate. According
to research on national dropout rates, which of the following group sets has “little more
than a fifty”fifty chance” of graduating high school?
a. White Americans and Italian Americans
b. Hispanic Americans and African Americans
c. Asian Americans and Italian Americans
d. Native Americans and white Americans
Robbers generally choose targets close to their homes or in areas to which they
routinely travel.
a. True
b. False
Moral crusaders seek to shape the law toward objective, universal standards of right and
wrong.
a. True
b. False
Referencing the social ecology of victimization, in general, where is a violent crime
more likely to take place?
a. In a post office
b. In a school
c. In a private home
d. In a park
Agnew suggests that criminality is the direct result of __________the anger, frustration,
and adverse emotions associated with destructive social relationships.
a. siege mentality
b. negative affective states
c. relative deprivation
d. focal concerns
Criminologists may face an ethical issue when ______.
a. studying only poor, minority subjects while ignoring white-collar criminals
b. using a mail survey instead of face-to-face interviews
c. publishing findings in a public journal
d. all of the above
Biosocial research has found that abnormal levels of male sex hormones, known as
__________, do in fact produce aggressive behavior.
a. antigens
b. androgens
c. estrogens
d. peptides
The major premise of the evolutionary theory is that ______.
a. as the human race evolved, traits and characteristics became ingrained, some of
which make people aggressive and predisposed to commit crime
b. the criminality of the parents can predict the delinquency of their children
c. criminals and delinquents often suffer brain impairment
d. crime is a function of diet and food allergies
Doctors have told Catherine’s parents that her behavior is lacking thought or
deliberation in decision making. This behavior would be considered ______.
a. impulsive
b. imprudent
c. controlling
d. age graded
Which of the following is notone of Borum’s cognitive stages for political crime?
a. It’s just started.
b. It’s not fair.
c. It’s your fault.
d. You’re evil.
Sociologist Jack Katz argues that there are immediate benefits to criminality, which he
labels the “lures of crime.”
a. True
b. False
In the 1991 case of Michigan v. Lucas, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the validity of
______ that protect women from being questioned about their sexual history unless it
directly bears on the case.
a. immunity laws
b. shield laws
c. protection laws
d. Hurley laws
Differential opportunity theory is credited to Cloward and Ohlin and is a combination
of strain and social disorganization principals relating to gang sustaining criminal
subcultures.
a. True
b. False
The willful, malicious burning of a home, building, or vehicle.
a. Arson
b. Incendiarism
c. Burglary
d. Blowbacking
The 1994 Violence Against Women Act allows rape victims to sue in civil court on the
grounds that the sexual assault violated their civil rights.
a. True
b. False
In cases of spousal abuse, physical abuse is commonly accompanied by mental abuse
and coercion that can have long-term damaging psychological effects.
a. True
b. False
In Wolfgang et al.’s study of male juvenile delinquents, what percentage consisted of
chronic offenders?
a. 6 percent
b. 10 percent
c. 16 percent
d. 20 percent
Structural theorists consider it essential to demystify law and justicethat is, to unmask
its true purpose.
a. True
b. False
Critical criminologists contend that society’s economic system plays a significant role in
producing criminal behavior.
a. True
b. False
David works for a large steel company in Ohio and regularly uses his private email to
communicate company secrets at home and abroad. His run for political office has
brought attention to David and his email account is hacked by a German company
looking to steal trade secrets. This is an example of ______.
a. industrial espionage
b. treason
c. a political crime
d. a state political crime
Referring to the ecology of crime, which of the following settings has the highest
violent crime rate?
a. An urban area in the northeast
b. A rural area in northeast
c. An urban area in the south
d. A rural area in the south
If a defendant is released on bail and fails to appear for his or her hearing, a court date,
referred to as a recognizance hearing, is held to determine possible sanctions, which
include forfeiture of bail money, property, and additional criminal sanctions.
a. True
b. False
The integrative methodology in the early research of __________ formed the basis of
today’s developmental approach.
a. Keith J. Bell and Paul M. Klenowski
b. Eleanor Glueck and Sheldon Glueck
c. Rolf Loeber and Marc LeBlanc
d. Marvin Wolfgang and Terri Moffitt
Which of the following offenses would be classified as a misdemeanor?
a. Rape
b. Treason
c. Grand theft auto
d. Battery
Status-based violations in regard to robberies involve encounters in which the robber’s
essential character or values have been challenged.
a. True
b. False
The major premise of incapacitation is that known criminals must be kept in prison and
this will reduce crime rates.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is most true about the group known as the Surenos?
a. They originated in Latin America, first as a protective force for Pablo Escobar, and
later became a major player in the distribution of cocaine and heroin along border
towns in Texas.
b. They are one of the largest groups in the world involved in human trafficking,
preying on the young women in the poorest regions and eventually selling them into
sexual slavery.
c. They are an alliance of hundreds of individual Mexican American street gangs who
gained popularity by selling drugs within prisons.
d. None of the above
Families in which couples share similar positions of power at home and at work are
referred to as ________________ households.
A strong moral sense which renders a person incapable of harming others or violating
social norms is referred to as _____________________.
A legal fiction known as ____________ applies to situations in which persons
voluntarily give up physical custody of their property but still retain legal ownership.
List and describe the characteristics of transnational organized crime.
Answer:Answers will vary
Explain the concept of early onset and discuss the factors that cause chronicity.
Answer:Answers will vary.
According to Techniques of Neutralization theory, _________________ refers to novice
criminals who are caught up between supporting their peer groups while abiding by the
rules of society.
Using one’s institutional position to grant favors and sell information to which one’s
co-conspirators are not entitled is called ____________________.
Public order crimes often trace their origin to moral crusaders who seek to shape the
law to reflect their own way of thinking. They are called ___________________.
Compare and contrast the types of larceny.
Answer:Answers will vary.
________________ refers to a person’s ability to exercise restraint and control over his
or her feelings, emotions, reactions, and behaviors.
__________________ robberies emerge from disputes involving partners in trade,
rivals, or generalized predators.
Howard Becker referred to _____________________ as people who create rules that
reflect the values of those in power rather than any objective, such as someone who
campaigns against violence in the media and wants laws passed to restrict the content of
television shows.
Thecycle of ___________ is the concept that victims of crime, especially victims of
childhood abuse, are more likely to commit crimes themselves.
Crime is said to be _________________________ because criminals are not simply
robots or automatons who engage in unthinking and unplanned acts of antisocial
behavior.
Discuss the association between delinquent peers and crime in general and within the
context of social control theory.
Answer:Answers will vary
______________ includes efforts by intelligence agencies to penetrate computer
networks of an enemy nation in order to steal important dates.
A __________________ involves placing deceptive information online to get
unsuspecting investors interested in a stock while those spreading the information sell
previously purchased stock at an inflated price.
Explain the role cybercriminals have played in relation to international terrorism.
Answer:Answers will vary