Schools are the locale of a great deal of victimization because they are populated by a
dangerous segment of society, teenage males.
a. True
b. False
__________, the most abundant androgen, has been linked to criminality.
a. Testosterone
b. Estrogen
c. Serotonin
d. Monoamine
Peacemaking criminologists seek nonviolent, humane alternatives to coercive
punishment.
a. True
b. False
Offenders who do not define themselves by a criminal role are called ______.
a. occasional criminals
b. transparent criminals
c. situational criminals
d. professional criminals
Which is an inaccurate statement about problem behaviors and problem behavior
syndrome?
a. All varieties of criminal behavior may be a part of a generalized problem behavior
syndrome.
b. People suffering from one problem behavior condition typically exhibit many
symptoms of the rest.
c. The more risk factors a person suffers, the greater the likelihood they will engage in
antisocial behavior.
d. Problem behavior syndrome portrays crime as the product of other social problems.
Social learning theory states that people ______.
a. are born with aggressive tendencies
b. hold aggressive mental scripts in their subconscious
c. learn to be aggressive through their life experiences
d. have chemical needs that require violence for stimulation
According to the psychoanalytic perspective, the __________ develops as a result of
incorporating within the personality the moral standards and values of parents,
community, and significant others.
a. id
b. ego
c. superego
d. conscience
Governor Smith is interested in overhauling the criminal justice system in his state. He
realizes that this is a huge endeavor and will need the help of many experts in the field
who make up the agencies of social control. He begins assembling his team to look at
crime and the criminal justice system in his state.
Which of the following is not one of the subareas of criminology listed outlined in the
text?
a. Biosocial Behaviorism
b. Victimology
c. Penology
d. Criminal Statistics
The common law definition of rape derives from the Latin word raperemeaning ______
and is defined as “the carnal knowledge of a female forcibly and against her will.”
a. to take by right
b. to take by force
c. to take by surprise
d. to take by compulsion
In regard to public policy initiatives with developmental theory, programs aimed at
strengthening children’s social-emotional skills have been the least successful.
a. True
b. False
A pathway to a criminal career that begins with minor aggression and eventually
escalates to violent crime.
a. Overt pathway
b. Covert pathway
c. Golden pathway
d. Authority conflict pathway
Passed in 1970, the _______________________ act is federal legislation that enables
prosecutors to bring additional criminal and civil charges against people whose multiple
criminal acts constitute a conspiracy.
a. RICO
b. G.R.E.A.T.
c. Federal Lautenberg
d. Transnational Anti-Criminal Organization (TACO) Act
Children who grow up in low-income homes are less likely to achieve in school and
less likely to complete school than children who do not grow up in low-income
households.
a. True
b. False
There has been a decline in domestic violence cases during the past decade.
a. True
b. False
According to latent trait theory, the propensity to commit crime is unstable, but the
opportunity to commit crime remains stable over time.
a. True
b. False
State Victims’ Bills of Rights generally include allowing the victim to be consulted in
determining an appropriate sentence.
a. True
b. False
Children exposed to violence at home, at school, or in the environment may adopt
violent methods themselves. Which children are most likelyto engage in violent
behavior?
a. Children exposed to a single act of gun violence
b. Children exposed to violence in the home
c. Children exposed to violence in the home and who live in a neighborhood with high
violence rates
d. Children living in areas marked by extreme violence
Voluntary or nonnegligent manslaughter refers to a killing committed in the heat of
passion or during a sudden quarrel that provoked violence.
a. True
b. False
Catherine and Gloria regularly crush up prescription pain meds at work and snort them.
When they do this they usually become confrontational with coworkers as a result. This
is a ______.
a. psychopharmacological relationship
b. compulsive relationship
c. systemic relationship
d. stratified relationship
The major premise of the genetic theory is that _______.
a. as the human race evolved, traits and characteristics became ingrained, some of
which make people aggressive and predisposed to commit crime
b. the criminality of the parents can predict the delinquency of their children
c. criminals and delinquents often suffer brain impairment
d. crime is a function of diet and food allergies
The stronger a person’s commitment to conventional institutions, individuals, and
processes, the less likely they are to commit crime.
a. True
b. False
Edward Snowden is most known for releasing information of the NSA’s information
collection program in which hundreds of millions of people worldwide fell victim to the
U.S. illegal domestic and foreign surveillance activities.
a. True
b. False
The correlation between crime perpetration and poor education is well established. Due
to national dropout rates increasing by nearly 25 percent over the last seven years,
criminologists predict an epic increase in criminal activity over the next decade.
a. True
b. False
According to routine activities theory, which of the following is considered a motivated
offender?
a. Addict population
b. Casual offenders
c. Those living in poverty
d. Juveniles
Sigmund Freud (1856″1939) developed ________ psychology, which has remained a
prominent segment of psychological theory ever since.
a. neurological
b. biosocial
c. generational
d. psychodynamic
Which of the following is false in regard to cyberbullying?
a. Girls are more likely to post harmful videos or pictures, while boys are more likely to
spread rumors.
b. Adolescent girls are significantly more likely to have experienced cyberbullying than
boys.
c. Cyberbullying can happen via the computer or cellphone.
d. 17 percent of students in a recent survey say they have harassed someone online.
Gathering valid crime data, devising new research methods, and measuring crime
patterns and trends fall under the ______ subarea of the criminological enterprise.
a. victimology
b. penology/sentencing/corrections
c. theory construction
d. criminal statistics/crime measurement
The mid-eighteenth-century belief stressing that the relationship between crime and
punishment should be balanced and fair can be traced to Cesare Beccaria.
a. True
b. False
Fear is often based on experience: people living in areas with especially high crimes
rates are the ones most likely to experience fear.
a. True
b. False
According to research in the text, most political criminals do not consider themselves
antisocial but instead patriotic and altruistic.
a. True
b. False
What discovery prompted the scientific study of victims?
a. The discovery that society focuses on the offender’s role in the crime process
b. The discovery that victims play an important role in the crime process
c. The discovery that the crime process is skewed toward offenders
d. The discovery that the crime process is skewed toward victims
Today, the act of prostitution includes three elements: activity that has sexual
significance for the prostitute, economic indifference, and emotional attachment.
a. True
b. False
Define the term ‘state (organized) crime” and discuss the various categories of crime
contained under the umbrella of state crime. Include in your response a discussion of
the overall impact of state crime on society.
Answer:Answers will vary.
What are the four primary issues that critical criminologists are concerned with in
regard to social class, crime, and social control?
Answer:Answers will vary.
The excess profits that are produced by the laboring classes and accrued by business
owners are known as ______________.
_________________ results from the exposure to opposing norms, attitudes, and
definitions of right and wrong, moral and immoral.
Illegally removing small sums from the balances of a large number of accounts and
converting them for person use is a term known as _______________________.
Sykes and Matza’s writings on ___________________ help describe how and why
people justify their criminal behavior into more conventional values and attitudes of
law-abiding society.
Compare and contrast the different contemporary forms of terrorism.
Answer:Answers will vary.
___________ twins are fraternal twins who only have half of their genes in common
and thus share fewer commonalities when it comes to criminal behavior.
____ are effective deterrents to crime, such as police or watchful neighbors.
The Eighteenth Amendment of the Constitution outlawed the sale of alcohol otherwise
known as __________________.
Identify and describe the various pathways to crime as categorized by Rolf Loeber.
Answer:Answers will vary
Describe the major premises of the three branches of social process theorysocial
learning theory, social control theory, and social reaction (labeling) theory.
Answer:Answers will vary
Compare and contrast the terms insurgents, terrorists, guerillas, and revolutionaries.
Answer:Answers will vary.
The illegal use of force against innocent people to achieve a political objective is called
____________________.
Violent acts directed toward a particular person or members of a group are known as
_________________, and they usually share a discernible racial, ethnic, religious, or
gender characteristic.
_____________ involve the killing of four or more victims by one or a few assailants
within a single event.
Criminal acts committed by government officials are known as _______________.
Gottfredson and Hirschi link the propensity to commit crime to two latent traitsan
impulsive personality and a lack of self-control. Explain how these traits result in crime.
Answer:Answers will vary
Studies of ________________ twins have shown much higher rates of criminal activity
than compared to the other.