Unlock document.
This document is partially blurred.
Unlock all pages and 1 million more documents.
Get Access
Which of the following is not true in regard to deterrence strategies for white-collar
criminals?
a. Strategies are aimed at creating conditions that induce conformity to the law.
b. Deterrence systems are oriented toward apprehension and punishments.
c. Justice system personnel now consider white-collar criminals as more serious than
common-law thefts.
d. Both fines and penalties have been increasing.
There is a significant relationship between parental and child deviance levels.
a. True
b. False
The concept of situational crime prevention suggests that desperate people may
contemplate crime, but only the truly ____ will attack a well-defended, inaccessible
target and risk strict punishment.
a. needy
b. skilled
c. experienced
d. irrational
Rehabilitation is the current sentencing approach taken to deal with chronic offenders.
a. True
b. False
Both extroverts and introverts are at risk for antisocial behaviors.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is not a legitimate social goal of the criminal law?
a. Enforcing social control
b. Encouraging revenge
c. Expressing public opinion and morality
d. Deterring criminal behavior
The social ferment of the ____ gave birth to critical criminology.
a. 1930s
b. 1940s
c. 1950s
d. 1960s
Aggressive or provocative behavior of victims that results in their victimization is
known as passive precipitation.
a. True
b. False
A major criticism of the general theory of crime is that it fails to explain racial and
gender differences in crime.
a. True
b. False
__________ is a process whereby secondary deviance pushes offenders out of the
mainstream of society and offenders begin their escalating cycle of deviance.
a. Reactive stigmata
b. Differential morality
c. Retrospective association
d. Deviance amplification
Terrorism which occurs when a repressive government regime forces its citizens into
obedience?
a. State-sponsored terrorism
b. Lone wolf terrorism
c. Criminal terrorism
d. Retributive terrorism
Research shows that children repeatedly victimized before the age of 12 are the ones
most susceptible to a number of physical and mental health issues, smoking, and
homelessness.
a. True
b. False
Social Ecology School refers to an interdisciplinary approach to studying
interdependent social and environmental problems that cause crime.
a. True
b. False
Jackson and Olivia are high school sweethearts who married at the age of 21. Both
graduated from college with degrees in pharmacy (Jackson) and nursing (Oliva) and
work in their respected professions. They reside in near Philadelphia, PA and are
currently 30 years old and have two children, Braden (7) and Brently (6). Using this
information, answer the following questions. Given the educational background and
salaries of both in their fields, if it is assumed Jackson and Olivia share duties in the
home as well, this would be an example of a/an ________________.
a. paternalistic family
b. egalitarian family
c. democratic family
d. peacemaking family
State-corporate crime is committed by individuals who abuse their state authority or
who fail to exercise it when working with people and organizations in the private sector.
a. True
b. False
Crime is ________ because criminals will react selectively to the characteristics of an
individual criminal act.
a. offender-specific
b. offense-specific
c. reward-specific
d. risk-specific
A jury that is unable to agree on a decision, thus leaving the case unresolved and open
for possible retrial is known as a hung jury.
a. True
b. False
Attaining sexual pleasure through sexual activity with prepubescent children is referred
to as ______.
a. frotteurism
b. pedophilia
c. voyeurism
d. sadomasochism
David Smith pleaded guilty to state and federal charges and was sentenced to 20 months
in prison for his $80 million dollar cyber attack in the form of a ______.
a. computer worm
b. Trojan horse
c. slag code
d. logic bomb
Professional check forgers who make a living by passing bad checks are called ______.
a. systematic forgers
b. bellowing forgers
c. Abagnale forgers
d. naive forgers
Which of the following is not one of the ways listed in the text that foreign
governments attempt to infiltrate businesses in attempts to gain sensitive information?
a. Data mining U.S. companies with headquarters abroad
b. Conferences and trade shows
c. Official foreign visitors
d. Exploitation of joint research
Social process theories share one basic concept. Which is it?
a. All people, regardless of their race, class, or gender, are basically good.
b. All people, regardless of their race, class, or gender, have the potential to become
delinquents or criminals.
c. Criminal behavior is genetic, regardless of race, class, or gender.
d. Lower-class people, regardless of race or gender, are more prone to commit crime.
The use of the word terrorismis first traced to the American Revolution, when the
nontypical patterns of warfare from American colonists were said to "terror" the British
troops who fought in traditional military fashion.
a. True
b. False
__________ theory is the branch of behavior theory most relevant to criminology.
a. Cognitive
b. Social learning
c. Information-processing
d. Nurture
What is the study of brain activity?
a. Psychology
b. Neurophysiology
c. Pathology
d. Evolutionary criminology
Awards for victim compensation funds typically range from $25,000 to $50,000
depending on the state.
a. True
b. False
Marvin Wolfgang's 1958 study Patterns in Criminal Homicide is an example of which
subarea of the criminological enterprise?
a. Developing theories of crime causation
b. Understanding and describing criminal behavior
c. Criminal statistics/crime measurement
d. Sociology of law
Female armed robbers tend to select vulnerable male targets who are not likely to resist.
a. True
b. False
Brain scanning techniques using electronic images suggest that which of the following
statements is true?
a. All criminals have low levels of testosterone.
b. Both violent criminals and substance abusers have impairment in the pre-frontal lobe.
c. Female inmates show lower levels of synopsis activity than men.
d. Latinos have higher rates of androgens in the cerebral cortex than non-Latinos.
What is the term used to describe a jury that is unable to agree on a decision?
a. Broken
b. Hung
c. Mixed
d. Tied
Caesar Beccaria, in the 1700s, was one of the first scholars to develop a systematic
understanding of why people commit crime. Beccaria helped to form the core of what
today is referred to as ______________ criminology.
a. determinism
b. classical
c. positivism
d. Marxism
In relation to property crime, the peak age of offending is believed to be about 26 years
of age.
a. True
b. False
This condition, _________________, occurs when glucose in the blood falls below
levels necessary for normal and efficient brain functioning.
To members of the __________________ movement, the main purpose of criminology
is to promote a just society drawn from religious and philosophical readings.
Explain how reintegrative shaming is considered a part of restorative justice. Provide an
example scenario of reintegrative shaming in practice.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Compare and contrast the effectiveness of primary and secondary prevention programs
in regards to criminality. Is one more effective? Explain.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Explain the "process of justice" as illustrated in your text.
Answer:Answers will vary.
The origin of the word terrorism comes from the French Revolution's
___________________.
__________________ is defined as the theft or destruction of information, resources, or
funds via computers, computer networks, or the Internet.
Explain how the Internet has increased stalking and bullying into cyberstalking and
cyberbullying. What have been the ramifications of technology on these crimes?
Answer:Answers will vary
Discuss the reasons why crime may be considered a lower-class phenomenon. Which
factors contribute to this view?
Answer:Answers will vary.
Create a fictional crime prevention strategy and give examples (scenarios) of how crime
displacement, crime diffusion, and crime extinction may occur with the crime
prevention strategy.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Public order crimes that violate the moral order but have no intended harmed party
other than society are referred to as ________________ crimes.
Punishments and deterrence rely on three main factors; severity, certainty, and
___________________.
_________________ occurs when a relatively more severe penalty will produce some
reduction in crime.
The murder of a senior citizen is referred to as _______.
Patterns in the crime rate seem to be linked to temporal and ecological factors. Identify
and discuss these factors.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Discuss the two distinct developmental viewpoints - life-course and latent trait theories.
Answer:Answers will vary
____________________ is a method of dispensing justice involving discussion
between offenders, victims, and members of the community.
Compare and contrast how victim compensation, victim advocates, and victim impact
statements have improved victim assistance programs.
Answer:Answers will vary
