What separates social learning theory from social control and social reaction theories is
that social learning theory fails to recognize that criminal activity can be reversed and
criminals can be turned around by proper socialization and interactions.
a. True
b. False
Which of Merton’s social adaptations is most closely associated with criminal behavior?
a. Conformity
b. Innovation
c. Ritualism
d. Retreatism
Retributive terrorist groups want to impose their social and religious code on others.
a. True
b. False
Bipolar disorder has failed to be correlated with delinquency or criminality, which leads
many opponents of psychological crime to use disorders such as this as just another
failed attempt at justifying criminal behavior.
a. True
b. False
Since the age of two, Michael has had a history of acting out. As a child, Michael’s
acting out consisted of disrespecting his parents. By the age of 12, he was skipping
school and hanging out with older boys in the neighborhood. By the time he was 15, he
started using drugs and alcohol.
Michael was consistently uncooperative with his parents. He was hostile to all authority
figures, including teachers and police officers.He would frequently lose his temper and
blame everyone else for his misbehavior. What mental disorder was most likely the
appropriate diagnosis for Michael?
a. Bipolar disorder
b. Mood disorder
c. Oppositional disorder
d. Schizophrenia
Some Native American communities use a peacemaking ceremony called __________,
whereby groups of tribal elders, victims, and community members meet with offenders
in order to determine the best resolution for those accused of breaking the law.
a. a sentencing circle
b. a tribal circle
c. a community circle
d. a resolution circle
Martha is looking to move to a new city to raise her two young children. School quality
and crime rates are her two biggest concerns that she will evaluate before deciding on
which city to move to. Her employment is flexible in that she works from home. Thus,
she is able to work from anywhere in the country.
Martha has decided to move to San Francisco, California. She decides to attend a
neighborhood watch meeting where members of the local police department are
speaking. They are explaining the crime trends over the past 30 years. Which of the
following is accurate information concerning the crimerates?
a. Crime rates peaked in the 1970s and have been in sharp decline ever since.
b. Crime rates peaked in the 1980s and have been in sharp decline ever since.
c. Crime rates peaked in the 1990s and have been in sharp decline ever since.
d. Crime rates peaked in the 2000s and have been in sharp decline ever since.
__________ reflects a critical perspective that explains both the exploitation of women
and women’s criminality in terms of gender inequality and patriarchy.
a. Left realism
b. Critical feminism
c. Supranational criminology
d. Restorative justice
Situational crime prevention tactics generally fall into one of four categories. Which of
the following is not one of those categories?
a. Increasing the use of probation for committing crime
b. Increasing the risk of committing crime
c. Increasing the effort needed to commit crime
d. Inducing guilt or shame for committing crime
“Let the punishment fit the crime” refers to which criminological school of thought?
a. Positivist criminology
b. Developmental criminology
c. Classical criminology
d. Sociological criminology
Victims of crime, especially childhood abuse, are more likely to commit crime
themselves. This abuse-crime phenomenon is termed the cycle of ______.
a. abuse
b. crime
c. violence
d. victimization
________ are segments of the population whose members have a relatively similar
portion of desirable belongings, and who share attitudes, values, and norms.
a. Social groups
b. Social classes
c. Social subcultures
d. Social cultures
People with limited self-control tend to be impulsive.
a. True
b. False
Wolfgang et al.’s second cohort study tracked males and females. What percentage of
chronic offenders consisted of females?
a. 1 percent
b. 3 percent
c. 6percent
d. 9 percent
“Awareness space” indicates that which crime is rational?
a. Robbery
b. Prostitution
c. Theft
d. Drug dealing
An insurgency is traditionally defined as a political movement that may use terror
tactics to achieve its goals.
a. True
b. False
__________ reflects the view that multiple sources of strain interact with an
individual’s emotional traits and responses to criminality.
a. General strain theory
b. Relative deprivation theory
c. Focal concern theory
d. Anomie theory
Exploiters force victims to pay for services to which victims have no clear right.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is not true about larceny?
a. Most U.S. state criminal codes separate larceny into petty and grand larceny
b. Both the UCR and NCVS depict a steady increase in the number and rate of larcenies
during the past decade
c. The FBI records more than 6 million acts of larceny annually
d. The original definition of larceny did not include the misappropriation of goods by
trickery or deceit
Social schematic theory relies on how people develop cognitive shortcuts to organize
and interpret information.
a. True
b. False
Political ideologies, such as affirmative action, have erased the economic disparities
between whites and minorities
a. True
b. False
Which of the following issues has been raised regarding the validity of social control
theory?
a. Delinquency may lead to weakened social bonds, not vice versa.
b. Social control theory has never been empirically tested.
c. Social control theory applies primarily to lower-class youth and does not explain the
criminal behavior of middle- and upper-class youth.
d. Social control theory relies too heavily on social relationships that are difficult to
measure.
The cyber age has generated an enormous amount of revenue and information sharing,
with an estimated 190 billion email messages sent per day.
a. True
b. False
The treatment rape survivors receive from legal, medical, and mental health services is
sometimes so destructive that victims cannot help feeling _____.
a. “re-tried”
b. “re-blamed”
c. “re-raped”
d. “re-pained”
According to the routing activities theory, neighbors are considered capable guardians.
a. True
b. False
According to this type of critical theory, the poor may or may not commit more crimes
than the rich, but the poor are certainly arrested and punished more often.
a. Left realism
b. Critical feminism
c. Instrumental
d. Structural
Modern commercial sex appears to have its roots in ancient _____ where Solon
established licensed brothels in 500 BC.
a. Rome
b. Greece
c. Mesopotamia
d. Persia
According to rational choice theory, crime is not a random event, but rather the product
of calculation and planning.
a. True
b. False
____________ criminologists believe that the cause of crime can be linked to
economic, social, and political disparity
a. Positivists
b. Classical
c. Critical
d. Social
While many feel the United States is not vulnerable to cyber attacks, a Chinese
espionage ring known as the Titan Rain was able to penetrate a U.S. military base and
NASA obtaining the U.S. Army’s flight-planning software.
a. True
b. False
According to the conflict view, crime is a political concept designed to protect the
power and position of the upper classes at the expense of the poor.
a. True
b. False
____________________ violence is violence that is designed not for profit or gain but
to vent rage, anger, or frustration.
Compare and contrast some of the Acts passed in the last 50 years regarding white- and
green-collar crime. Do you believe they can be effectively enforced? Why or why not?
Explain.
Answer:Answers will vary.
A set of values, beliefs, and traditions known as a/an ___________________ are unique
to a particular social class or group within a larger society.
According to ______________, the root cause of crime can be traced directly to the
socioeconomic disadvantages that have become embedded in American society.
The study of brain activity is known as _____________________.
List and describe the different forms of business frauds and swindles.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Programs that seek to treat personal problems before they manifest themselves as
crimes are referred to as ___________________.
List and describe the causes of political crime.
Answer:Answers will vary.
When drug users begin by using less potent and addicting drugs such as marijuana, and
increase in potency to drugs such as cocaine and heroin, this is referred to as the
________________.
A victim’s ______________ generally includes the right to be present at criminal
proceedings.
________________ includes the illegal use of the Internet to gather information that is
considered private and confidential.
_____________ refers to a crime control policy that depends on the fear of criminal
penalties convincing the potential law violator that the pains associated with crime
outweigh its benefits.
Attaining sexual pleasure through sexual activity with prepubescent children is known
as ________________.
Explain the critical feminist view of crime. Include in your response how gender
inequality accounts for crimes committed against women and for the crimes that
women commit.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Under English common law, _____________ was defined as the taking of another
person’s property without their permission or consent.
Messner and Rosenfeld’s concept of the _______________, is defined by the goal of
accumulating material goods and wealth through individual competition.
Of all of the state political crimes, the use of __________ to gain information from
suspected political criminals is perhaps the most notorious.
According to routine activities theory, costly jewelry, expensive cars, and easily
transportable goods are considered ______.
Compare and contrast the terms population heterogeneity and state dependence.
Answer:Answers will vary