Agencies of social control include all of the following except
a. corrections
b. courts
c. police
d. legislatures
Catherine was adopted at the age of 6. She is currently 14 years of age, attends public
high school in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and her mother is a stay-at-home mom, while
her father recently lost his job as a lumberjack due to new deforestation laws. Using this
information, answer the following questions. Catherine has been diagnosed with
Problem Behavior Syndrome after she began using drugs, began experimenting
sexually, and her health declined which is one reason she unsuccessfully attempted
suicide. According to PBS, of the three subcategories of the theory, Catherine’s issue
most likely is ______.
a. personal
b. functional
c. environmental
d. overt
Contemporary critical criminologists try to explain crime within economic and social
contexts and to express the connection between social class, crime, and social control.
a. True
b. False
While exploiters are extortionists who force victims to pay for services to which they
are legally entitled, _______________ take bribes in exchange for granting favors.
a. peddlers
b. twizzlers
c. chislers
d. pirates
Fewer than 10 percent of shoplifting incidents are detected by store employees.
a. True
b. False
Malicious attacks aimed at disrupting, defacing, and destroying technology.
a. Cybervandalism
b. Cyberwar
c. Cyberterrorism
d. Cyber malware
Approximately how many people are arrested each year for serious felony offenses?
a. 2 million
b. 12 million
c. 24 million
d. 40 million
According to the biological/psychological perspective, which type of forces account for
crime?
a. Internal
b. Political
c. Ecological
d. Situational
The early onset of antisocial behavior strongly predicts later and more serious
criminality.
a. True
b. False
According to Freud’s version of psychodynamic theory, the human personality has a
two-part structure: the id and the ego.
a. True
b. False
Which category of prostitute is considered the least attractive, lowest paid, and most
vulnerable, regardless of whether the prostitute is male or female?
a. Brothel prostitutes
b. Streetwalkers
c. Escorts
d. Circuit travelers
Which of the following terrorist groups want to impose their social and religious code
of ethics on others?
a. Retributive
b. Political
c. Nationalist
d. Criminal
Violence that is designed not for profit or gain but to vent rage is referred to as
instrumental violence.
a. True
b. False
Since the age of two, Michael has had a history of acting out. As a child, Michael’s
acting out consisted of disrespecting his parents. By the age of 12, he was skipping
school and hanging out with older boys in the neighborhood. By the time he was 15, he
started using drugs and alcohol.
Michael was arrested and charged with possession of narcotics and aggravated battery.
Michael was offered a plea deal of five years of probation with a condition that he must
participate in drug treatment and psychological counseling. When attendance in these
programs is a requirement of a probation order, they are considered
_________________ programs.
a. primary prevention
b. secondary prevention
c. adjudicatory prevention
d. alternative sentencing
Locations with the highest concentrations of lead also report the highest levels of
______.
a. suicide
b. ADHD
c. mercury
d. homicide
As working and middle-class families flee inner-city poverty areas, the most
disadvantaged population is consolidated in urban ghettos. This phenomenon results in
a poverty ______ effect.
a. solidity
b. concentration
c. cohort
d. instability
Critics of self-report studies frequently suggest that expecting people to candidly admit
illegal acts is unreasonable.
a. True
b. False
Al-Qaeda and Hamas are examples of revolutionary groups.
a. True
b. False
People living in poverty are believed to engage in disproportionate amounts of _____
crimes, such as rape and assault, as a result of their rage, anger, and frustration against
society.
a. deliberate
b. expressive
c. instrumental
d. defensive
Revolution comes from the Latin word revere, meaning “one who changes.”
a. True
b. False
If the punishment for a specific crime is increased and the effectiveness and efficiency
of the criminal justice system are improved, then the number of people engaging in that
crime should decline.
a. True
b. False
Lone-actor terrorists do not belong to an organized group but act on their own,
motivated by political, religious, or social beliefs.
a. True
b. False
While few people die from smoking marijuana, there are about 40,000 drug-related
deaths each year in the United States.
a. True
b. False
Men who solicit sex workers are referred to as Johns.
a. True
b. False
Most student rape and sexual assault victimizations occurred while the victim was
pursuing leisure activities away from home, compared to nonstudents who were
engaged in activities at home.
a. True
b. False
An interdisciplinary approach to the study of interdependent social and environmental
problems that cause crime.
a. Social ecology school
b. Social construct school
c. Social stigma school
d. Social conservative school
Some robbers target people they know, a phenomenon referred to as ______.
a. acquaintance robbery
b. bias robbery
c. neighborhood heist
d. relational aggression
Biological explanations of crime reemerged in the early _______ with the publication
of Sociobiology by Edmond O. Wilson.
a. 1950s
b. 1970s
c. 1980s
d. 1990s
According to the text, unemployed racial minorities may be perceived as ‘social
dynamite” who present a real threat to society and must be controlled and incapacitated.
a. True
b. False
A deviant act becomes a crime when it is defined, _____.
a. challenged, and banned under common law
b. stigmatized, and banned under procedural law
c. prohibited, and punished under criminal law
d. prohibited, and punished under civil law
Which of the following is false in regard to Russian organized crime groups in the
United States?
a. They are involved primarily in frauds and scams.
b. They are involved in health care fraud.
c. They are primary players in drug trafficking.
d. They are believed to be a major player in credit card fraud.
Instrumentalists view criminal law and the criminal justice system solely as an
instrument for controlling the poor, have-not members of society.
a. True
b. False
Shaw and McKay explained crime and delinquency within the context of ______.
a. the changing urban environment and ecological development of the city
b. subcultures with blocked means of achieving majority status
c. redistribution of goals and means
d. biological changes resulting from transient neighborhoods
According to psychodynamic theory, the _____ is the primitive part of people’s mental
makeup and represents unconscious biological drives.
Crime ___________________ may occur if beefed-up police patrols in one area of
town appear to reduce crime in the given area, while in reality it just merely shifted it to
a more vulnerable neighborhood.
The tendency of prior social problems to produce future ones that accumulate and
undermine success are known as ________________.
_________________ involves people who are in some form of courting relationship
while a rape or sexual assault occurs.
According to research by Finkelhor and Asigian on typologies of victimization,
________________ would refer to an individual who increases his or her risk of
victimization by becoming argumentative while drunk.
Social disorganization theorists, Shaw and McKay focus on transitional neighborhoods
as “concentric zones” of crime. Discuss this theory and how they applied their theory to
the city of Chicago.
Answer:Answers will vary
A group of individuals with common features and particular characteristics is referred
to as a(n) ____________.
Proponents of the _________ theory argued that intelligence is largely determined
genetically and that low intelligence is linked to criminal behavior.
____ is an effect that occurs when efforts to prevent one crime unintentionally prevent
another.
The process of obtaining information about a government, organization, or society that
is considered secret or confidential without the permission of the holder of the
information is known as ____________________.
_______ precipitation is aggressive or provocative behavior of victims that results in
their victimization.
_______ is the phrase used to express the fact that people commit less crime as they
mature.
______________ is the study of the victim’s role in criminal events.
Several factors explain gender differences in the crime rate. Identify and discuss these
factors.
Answer:Answers will vary.
_____________ theory holds that crime occurs when members of the lower class
experience anger and frustration over their inability to achieve success.
Discuss the key points of labeling theory and the consequences of labeling. Include in
your discussion the concepts of primary and secondary deviance.
Answer:Answers will vary
A filing before an impartial lower-court judge who decides whether the case should go
forward is known as ______.
Compare and contrast the crimes of shoplifting and check forgery. What are the
similarities, what are the differences? Explain.
Answer:Answers will vary.