The number of state-funded technical assistance offices to help local prosecutors has
decreased significantly with less than 20 states offering such services.
a. True
b. False
Espionage is the practice of obtaining information about a government, organization, or
society that is considered secret or confidential without the permission of the holder of
the information.
a. True
b. False
Most credit card abuse is the work of skilled professionals with nearly 85 percent of
crimes occurring among five highly skilled credit card rings.
a. True
b. False
The First Amendment’s guarantee of right to free speech makes it difficult to control
obscene material.
a. True
b. False
Edwin Sutherland’s differential association theory states that ______.
a. criminal behavior is a product of impaired social bonds
b. criminal behavior is learned like any other behavior
c. criminal behavior is a function of educational inequality within the lower class
d. criminal behavior is a function of media exposure
What neurotransmitter is known to limit offensive behavior?
a. Dopamine
b. Histamine
c. Octopamine
d. Serotonin
Gender affects victimization risk. Which of the following is a significant gender
difference?
a. Men are less likely to be victims of violent crime.
b. Women are more likely to be victims of robbery.
c. Women are more likely to be victimized by a stranger.
d. Women are more likely to be victimized by someone they know.
Jackson believes that he must work hard, be competitive, and show dominance, because
culturally normative beliefs say so about male behavior. This is an example of ______.
a. hegemonic masculinity
b. aristocratic masculinity
c. hegemonic feminism
d. aristocratic feminism
Problem behavior syndrome portrays crime as the by-product of other social problems.
a. True
b. False
After being kicked out of school, Tom and Dick decide to vandalize the property of the
teacher who turned them. The boys were heard saying “had it coming,” and deserved
the actions based on what he had done to them. According to Techniques of
Neutralization theory, which of the subcomponents of the theory best fits this example?
a. Denial of victim
b. Denial of responsibility
c. Denial of injury
d. Appeal to higher loyalties
Amateurs who cash bad checks because of some financial crisis but have little
identification with a criminal subculture are called ______.
a. naive check forgers
b. systemic forgers
c. systematic forgers
d. simple forgers
Cyberespionage efforts are well-practiced by Chinese organizations, one of which is
known as the Titan Rain and has penetrated NASA computers.
a. True
b. False
Females are ___ times more likely than males to be victims of rape and sexual assault.
a. two
b. four
c. six
d. 10
According to the theory of social harm, immoral acts can be distinguished from crimes
on the basis of the ____they cause.
a. social outrage
b. injury
c. financial loss
d. depravity
In 1998, the United States passed the Identity Theft and Assumption Deterrence Act to
meet the threat of phishing and identity theft crimes.
a. True
b. False
The research on biochemical theories focuses on twin and sibling behavior.
a. True
b. False
About 3 million people are the victim of stalking each year.
a. True
b. False
The police chief in Anytown, USA, is conducting weekly seminars where the residents
of his city can come and learn about crime rates, crime trends, and crime patterns in
their city. Every week the seminars seem to become more popular. At the most recent
seminar, 200 people attended. They had to move the seminar into the city auditorium.
At this week’s seminar, one of the participants asked the chief of police to comment on
crime rates. Which statement below would the chief be able to state with certitude?
a. “Speculating about future crime trends is risky because change can occur rapidly.”
b. “Crime rates will continue to decrease because they have been decreasing for the past
20 years and crime trends move in 40-year cycles.”
c. “Crime rates will most likely increase because the baby boomer population is
increasing.”
d. “All U.S. cities will experience a decrease in crime rates next year because
international crime rates continue to decline.”
Which aspect of deterrence theory do theorists believe to have the greatest effect on
deterring crime?
a. Severity of punishment
b. Certainty of punishment
c. Perception of punishment
d. Speed of punishment
When paraphilias are engaged in by adults in the privacy of their homes they remain
outside the law’s reach.
a. True
b. False
Border patrols are examples of ________ strategies aimed at stopping drug use.
a. rehabilitation
b. interdiction
c. restorative
d. diversion
How do life course theorists view criminality?
a. As an inflexible process
b. As a dynamic process
c. As an opportunity-driven process
d. As a static process
Problem behavior syndrome is traditionally broken into three subcategories; these
categories include behavioral, environmental, and personal perceptions.
a. True
b. False
A major premise of social reaction theory is that the law is differentially constructed
and applied, depending on the offenders.
a. True
b. False
Who has become a central focus of crime control policy?
a. Chronic offenders
b. Elderly offenders
c. Mass murderers
d. Serial killers
High schools in which the completion rate is consistently 40 percent or less are known
as ______.
a. dropout factories
b. field fiasco
c. college factories
d. delinquent factories
Left realists are conflict scholars who view the police and the courts as inherent evil
tools of capitalism whose tough tactics alienate the lower classes.
a. True
b. False
Terrorists who report that they are products of dysfunctional families in which the
father was not present or was distant or cold belong to view of terrorism referred to as
______.
a. domestic conflict view
b. family opposition view
c. domestic opposition view
d. family conflict view
Closed circuit television (CCTV) surveillance cameras and improved street lighting are
mechanical forms of crime ______.
a. discouragers
b. inhibitors
c. obstructers
d. monitors
In recent years, the number of homeless children in the United States has declined to an
all-time low of 1 in every 50 children.
a. True
b. False
Most reported crimes occur during the months of April and May.
a. True
b. False
Explain the nature and extent of burglary and if burglaries are rational criminals.
Answer:Answers will vary.
____________ is the branch of social sciences that uses the scientific method of the
natural sciences and suggests that human behavior is a product of social, biological,
psychological, or economic forces that can be empirically measured.
List and define the different forms of green-collar crime.
Answer:Answers will vary.
______________________ is a form of deviance or crime that has little or no long-term
influence on the violator.
Discuss the importance of Mary Koss to the identification of the serious social problem
of date rape.
Answer:Answers will vary
The National Crime Victimization Survey is conducted by the Justice Department and
the _______.
Having five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days is
considered ___________________.
Theft of money or property of substantial value and punished as a felony is known as
________________.
Time spent in confinement in a jail or prison as a consequence of a judicial sentence is
referred to as ______________.
Comprising the study of war crimes, crimes against humanity, and the penal system,
____________________ criminology is believed by some to be its own specialization
because of the special attention needed to be paid to such crimes.
Trajectory theories assume there are more than one type of criminal and more than one
criminal path. Provide examples and explain how this is possible.
Answer:Answers will vary
Children with _____________________________ experience an ongoing pattern of
uncooperative and hostile behavior toward authority figures.
A malicious software program may also be called _________________
Explain how victim notification laws have improved victim assistance programs and
what crimes are they often used for?
Answer:Answers will vary
A declaration that expresses the prosecutor’s decision to drop a case from further
prosecution is known as ______.