Most of these hate crime incidents were motivated by ______.
a. sexual orientation
b. ethnicity
c. religion
d. race
Which of the following is not considered to contribute to a healthy diet, and thus to
good mental health and well-adjusted behavior patterns?
a. Polyunsaturated fatty acids
b. Minerals
c. Vitamins
d. Heavy metals, such as lead and mercury
Expressive crimes are committed to ______.
a. attain power
b. make money
c. obtain desired goods
d. vent rage
Using data from a longitudinal study of Pittsburgh youth, Loeber identified distinct
pathways to crime. Which pathway begins at an early age with stubborn behavior?
a. The authority conflict pathway
b. The covert pathway
c. The overt pathway
d. The late bloomer pathway
According to the text, Wright and Decker found that most armed robberies are
motivated by a pressing need for cash.
a. True
b. False
Referring to personality and criminal choices, Siegel states that criminals are more
impulsive and have less self-control than other people.
a. True
b. False
What research finding counters criminologists who claim that only low-IQ criminals get
caught?
a. Adolescents with low IQs are more likely to commit crime.
b. There is little difference in the IQ scores of self-reported and official criminals.
c. Low IQs equally prevail in offenders receiving prison sentences or probation.
d. Violent criminals have high IQs.
Because of international law, election fraud has been eliminated in all countries except
third-world dictatorships.
a. True
b. False
African Americans comprise 20 percent of all serial murders but their involvement is
masked because the media rarely focuses on black multiple murderers.
a. True
b. False
Personal traits can account for violent behavior. Psychologist Dorothy Ottnow Lewis
found that murderous youths often suffer signs of ___________.
a. genetic impairments
b. intellectual dysfunction
c. neurological impairments
d. personality disorders
Violent assault by a motorist who loses control of his or her emotions while driving is
called ______.
a. road rage
b. road termination
c. road neglect
d. spree rage
Since the age of two, Michael has had a history of acting out. As a child, Michael’s
acting out consisted of disrespecting his parents. By the age of 12, he was skipping
school and hanging out with older boys in the neighborhood. By the time he was 15, he
started using drugs and alcohol.
If Michael were to be diagnosed with bipolar disorder, what would be a likely
symptom?
a. Hearing nonexistent voices
b. Seeing hallucinations
c. Exhibiting inappropriate responses
d. Alternating moods
This eighteenth century criminal group often worked in large cities and included
pickpockets and forgers.
a. Skilled thieves
b. Smugglers
c. Poachers
d. Pirates
Jody and David begin an etailing fraud scam on campus with the rest of Jody’s friends
on the volleyball team. Which of the following scenarios would most likely be
considered etailing fraud?
a. Jody and his friends purchase stereo equipment online and purchasing cheaper, but
similar stereo equipment at a local store. After receiving the original purchase, they ship
the cheaper version back to the online store for a full refund
b. Jody obtains legitimate receipts for merchandise and enters a store, taking from the
shelf the same merchandise and returns the stolen product for cash
c. Jody has her friends purchase stock in a company and after purchasing at a low rate,
she spread information via an online blog about the success of the company, increasing
the stock price, and having her friends sell at an inflated rate
d. David spread negative information about the university online in an attempt to hold
the university ransom unless they agree to pay an agreed-upon sum of money for David
to remove the slanderous information
Former Vice President of the United States, Aaron Burr, was arrested and found
not-guilty of treason because he lacked an overt act and simply planning to overthrow
the government is not equal to treason.
a. True
b. False
Martha is looking to move to a new city to raise her two young children. School quality
and crime rates are her two biggest concerns that she will evaluate before deciding on
which city to move to. Her employment is flexible in that she works from home. Thus,
she is able to work from anywhere in the country.
Martha calls many police departments around the country, seeking information about
their crime statistics. One particular police department recommends that she look at the
published reports developed by the FBI, which compared cities and crime statistics per
100,000 residences. What report should she look at?
a. ATF
b. UCR
c. NCVS
d. DRS-II
A statutory requirement that a certain penalty shall be carried out in all cases of
conviction for a specified offense or series of offenses is known as ______.
a. mandatory sentencing
b. specified sentencing
c. selective sentencing
d. required sentencing
Wright and Decker found that most armed robberies are motivated by a pressing need
for ______.
a. excitement
b. power
c. cash
d. control
The concept of phishing is also known as carding or spoofing.
a. True
b. False
The_____ suggests that as the African American population increases, so does the
amount of social control directed at them. This type of racism could account for the
higher rates of minority crime in UCR data.
a. urban crime theory
b. racial threat hypothesis
c. racial control hypothesis
d. urban threat correlation
To be truly ethical, criminological research must have social value to research
participants rather than simply doing no harm.
a. True
b. False
The UCR indicates that about 70 percent of all murders, 40 percent of all robberies, and
20 percent of aggravated assaults involve the use of firearms.
a. True
b. False
Forcing victims to pay for services or contracts to which they have a clear right is called
______.
a. exploitation
b. peddling
c. chiseling
d. profiteering
Penology refers to the subarea of criminology that focuses on the correction and control
of criminal offenders.
a. True
b. False
If criminal fathers produce criminal sons who produce criminal grandchildren, then
crime can be said to be _____.
a. intraracial
b. interracial
c. interbiological
d. intergenerational
Research has shown that individuals with low resting heart rates may seek out
dangerous and arousing behaviors to compensate for their biological condition.
a. True
b. False
The National Crime Victimization Survey addresses the nonreporting of crime issue
inherent in the UCR.
a. True
b. False
Travis Hirschi states that the social bonds a person maintains with society are divided
into four main elements. Which of the following is notone of these elements?
a. Attachment
b. Commitment
c. Affection
d. Involvement
__________ are behaviors outlawed because they are a threat to the general well-being
of society and challenge accepted moral principles.
a. Moral order crimes
b. Civic deviances
c. Public order crimes
d. Ethical deviances
Absent or deviant parents and inconsistent discipline have been linked to persistent
violent offending.
a. True
b. False
Fred is a 20-year-old who lives in a large metropolitan city. He graduated high school
but decided that he would get a job immediately following high school instead of going
to college. He thought making money at that moment was more important than
furthering his education. Now, Fred realizes he is stuck at a dead-end job making
minimum wage and is tired of working so many hours and making so little money. Fred
is thinking about committing various crimes in order to supplement his income.
According to the research on burglaries, in general, when do burglars prefer to commit
their crimes?
a. 3 a.m. to 5 a.m.
b. 9 a.m. to 11 a.m.
c. 6 p.m. to 8 p.m.
d. 11 p.m. to 1 a.m.
Trevor is a habitual criminal offender. He has committed dozens of robberies and
hundreds of burglaries, and has stolen approximately 30 vehicles. Trevor was 14 when
he was first arrested for stealing a car. He is now 44 years old and just got out of prison.
He spent 10 years in prison for an armed robbery.
About one month after his release, Trevor is frustrated that he has been unable to find a
job. He is living on his sister’s couch and is tired of hearing her complain about him
eating all the food in the house. He feels he has no other option but to get money
quickly. He develops a plan to rob the local convenience store late one night. As he
walks toward the convenience store, he notices that there are a lot of police officers
doing a DUI checkpoint about a half a mile down the road. He decides that it would not
be wise to attempt to commit this robbery. What effect has occurred here?
a. Diffusion
b. Discouragement
c. Displacement
d. Replacement
The National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism’s
(START) most recent data (2013) revealed all of the following except ______.
a. more than 65 percent of terrorist acts occurred in Europe and South America
b. about 12,000 terrorist attacks occur a year
c. terrorism is rapidly evolving
d. the Syrian conflict empowered ISIL to expand its cross-border operations into Iraq
List and describe three of the primary policies and issues with international crime
trends.
Answer:Answers will vary
Malicious attacks aimed at disrupting, defacing, and destroying technology are referred
to as _______________.
The main goal of ______________________ is to formulate a plan about how best to
deal with offending and involves a conference style setting made up of the criminal,
members of his or her family, and victim and their representative, and usually a
mediator and a member of the police department.
Explain how illegal domestic surveillance is considered part of state (organized) crime.
Answer:Answers will vary.
What is problem behavior syndrome and how is it linked to criminality?
Answer:Answers will vary
Explain how economic need, personal traits, and experience contribute to how criminals
structure criminality.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Armed robbery is one category of robbery focused on in your text. What does research
indicate about the nature of armed robbery?
Answer:Answers will vary
Describe the household that is most likely and least likely to be victimized.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Explain Hagan’s power-control theory and its relation to crime and criminality.
Answer:Answers will vary.
The principle that crime can be prevented or displaced by modifying the physical
environment in order to reduce the opportunity for individuals to commit crime is
referred to as _____ space.
List and describe the nature and patterns of robbery. What is most surprising? Explain.
Answer:Answers will vary
Link social process theory to crime prevention efforts.
Answer:Answers will vary
Provide a brief overview of the extent of terrorism.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Shaw and McKay’s research on __________________ theory found that crime was the
highest in Zone I and Zone II, typically the areas of transition within the city.
While some political crimes are committed by people who oppose the state, others are
perpetrated by state authorities against the people they are supposed to serve; this is
referred to as ________________________.
Compare and contrast the belief that drug use is rational. In doing so, create a fictional
rational criminal who uses drugs daily. Explain how and why the individual uses drugs
and how this pertains to rational choice theory.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Compare and contrast the different forms of cybercrime for profit.
Answer:Answers will vary