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True / False
1. Public order crimes are outlawed because they threaten the general well-being of society and challenge society’s
accepted moral principles.
a.
True
b.
False
2. Some acts that cause enormous amounts of social harm are perfectly legal.
a.
True
b.
False
3. Unless you have a legal duty to do so, it is not a crime to ignore a drowning child.
a.
True
b.
False
4. Moral crusaders seek to shape the law toward objective, universal standards of right and wrong.
a.
True
b.
False
5. When paraphilias are engaged in by adults in the privacy of their homes they remain outside the law’s reach.
a.
True
b.
False
6. Paraphilias are deviant sexual acts such as exhibitionism and voyeurism. Many are considered crimes.
a.
True
b.
False
7. Exhibitionism is the deriving of sexual pleasure from rubbing against a nonconsenting person in a crowd, elevator, or
other public place.
a.
True
b.
False
8. The earliest record of prostitution appears in ancient Mesopotamia, where priests engaged in sex to promote fertility in
the community.
a.
True
b.
False
9. Today, the act of prostitution includes three elements: activity that has sexual significance for the prostitute, economic
indifference, and emotional attachment.
a.
True
b.
False
10. Bar girls are the aristocrats of prostitution, charging customers thousands of dollars per night.
a.
True
b.
False
11. The free choice view is that prostitution, if freely chosen, expresses women’s equality and is not a symptom of
subjugation.
a.
True
b.
False
12. When governments legalize prostitution, it leads to a massive expansion of the trade, both legal and illegal.
a.
True
b.
False
13. Evidence indicates that kiddie porn is not linked to child abuse.
a.
True
b.
False
14. The Supreme Court has ruled that material is obscene if it has prurient sexual content and is devoid of social value.
a.
True
b.
False
15. The First Amendment's guarantee of right to free speech makes it difficult to control obscene material.
a.
True
b.
False
16. Pornography, while offensive to many, has declined in popularity over the last decade due to technological advances
which have made it obsolete.
a.
True
b.
False
17. One of the most high-profile cases of pedophilia among the Catholic Church involved Fr. James Porter, who was
convicted of molesting over 200 children of both sexes over a 30-year period.
a.
True
b.
False
18. There is little enforcement of obscenity laws in cases involving adults, almost all enforcement involves child
pornography
a.
True
b.
False
19. While the nation is still “at war with drugs,” a positive sign can be found in the nearly 200 percent reduction in
hospital visits for drug-related illness over the last decade.
a.
True
b.
False
20. Source control strategies can undermine the economies of third-world nations.
a.
True
b.
False
21. The subcultural view of drug abuse causation has an environmental basis.
a.
True
b.
False
22. One victory in the war on drugs is that the price of illegal narcotics, such as crack cocaine and heroin, have drifted
upward as supplies have dwindled due to proactive antidrug strategies.
a.
True
b.
False
23. While few people die from smoking marijuana, there are about 40,000 drug-related deaths each year in the United
States.
a.
True
b.
False
24. Of the drug control strategies, evaluations of drug education programs have shown the most effectiveness as reducing
drug use.
a.
True
b.
False
25. While over the last decade drug-related deaths have increased, emergency room visits for drug abuse have decreased
by nearly 60 percent.
a.
True
b.
False
26. In 1933, the Twentieth Amendment to the Constitution repealed Prohibition
a.
True
b.
False
27. Fewer kids are drinking today than 20 years ago.
a.
True
b.
False
28. Of the overall costs associated with drug and alcohol abuse, tobacco ranks first, ahead of alcohol and illicit drug use.
a.
True
b.
False
29. Drug use among teens has declined significantly, and marijuana, which remains the most popular drug by far of teens,
has declined in use in 2014 after rising for the past three years.
a.
True
b.
False
30. Opium was first discovered in 1887 by Josef Mendelson as a derivative for the harsh medications used for relaxation
at the time.
a.
True
b.
False
31. __________ are behaviors outlawed because they are a threat to the general well-being of society and challenge
accepted moral principles.
a.
Moral order crimes
b.
Civic deviances
c.
Public order crimes
d.
Ethical deviances
32. According to legal scholar, Morris Cohen, why should victimless crimes be criminally prohibited?
a.
Because then moral crusaders would not get to
define the law
b.
Because victimless crimes are highly immoral just
like "street crimes."
c.
Because one of the functions of criminal law is
to express the public's shared sense of morality
d.
Because victimless crimes cause social harm and all
acts that cause social harm are criminally prohibited
33. According to the theory of social harm, immoral acts can be distinguished from crimes on the basis of the ____they
cause.
a.
social outrage
b.
injury
c.
financial loss
d.
depravity
34. People who seek to control or criminalize deviant behaviors in accordance with their own way of thinking are called
______.
a.
moralists.
b.
moral entrepreneurs
c.
power seekers
d.
social activists
35. The movement to ban gay marriage in California that led to the passage of Proposition 8 is an example of a/an _____.
a.
moral crusade.
b.
religious policy.
c.
ethical mandate.
d.
social campaign.
36. Which of the following statements is accurate?
a.
Societies usually encourage behaviors that lawmakers consider dangerous.
b.
The line between behaviors that are immoral and those that are criminal are often blurred.
c.
People with religious beliefs rarely engage in moral crusades.
d.
Most behaviors are declared criminal before they are deemed immoral.
37. __________ refers to the rubbing against or touching of a nonconsenting adult in a crowd.
a.
Exhibitionism
b.
Frotteurism
c.
Pedophilia
d.
Voyeurism
38. Of all the commonly practiced paraphilias, which causes the general public the most concern?
a.
Pedophilia
b.
Frotteurism
c.
Sadomasochism
d.
Exhibitionism
39. Your neighbor obtains sexual pleasure from spying on strangers while they disrobe. This neighbor is a/an ______.
a.
exhibitionist.
b.
frotteurist.
c.
pedophile.
d.
voyeur.
40. Attaining sexual pleasure through sexual activity with prepubescent children is referred to as ______.
a.
frotteurism
b.
pedophilia
c.
voyeurism
d.
sadomasochism
41. _________is a disturbing behavior whereby men travel overseas to places such as Thailand in order to engage in illicit
sexual behavior with young girls who have been sold into prostitution.
a.
Pedophilia tourism
b.
Pedophilia trafficking
c.
Sex tourism
d.
Sex trafficking
42. Modern commercial sex appears to have its roots in ancient _____ where Solon established licensed brothels in 500
BC.
a.
Rome
b.
Greece
c.
Mesopotamia
d.
Persia
43. Which of the following is not a condition present in a commercial sexual transaction?
a.
Activity that has sexual significance for the customer
b.
Economic transaction
c.
Felonious violence
d.
Emotional indifference
44. Which category of prostitute is believed to be responsible for the recent upsurge in prostitution?
a.
Bar girls
b.
Tooters
c.
Call girls
d.
Cyberprostitutes
45. International trafficking in prostitution flourishes. Hundreds of thousands of children and women, primarily from
_________, are abducted or lured by the promise of good jobs and, instead, end up in the sex trade in industrialized
countries including the United States.
a.
Southeast Asia and Eastern Europe
b.
Western Europe and South Africa
c.
South Africa and Southeast Asia
d.
Eastern Europe and South Africa
46. The aristocrats of prostitution are _____ who charge customers thousands of dollars per night and who may net over
$200,000 per year.
a.
streetwalkers
b.
circuit travelers
c.
Ehookers
d.
call girls
47. Which category of prostitute is considered the least attractive, lowest paid, and most vulnerable, regardless of whether
the prostitute is male or female?
a.
Brothel prostitutes
b.
Streetwalkers
c.
Escorts
d.
Circuit travelers
48. What was the significance of the Mann Act of 1925?
a.
It prohibited bringing women into the country for the purpose of prostitution.
b.
It made the possession and distribution of cocaine, a drug previously used as a pain reliever, a federal crime.
c.
It set the standard for obscenity in cases involving pornography.
d.
It made prostitution legal in three counties within the state of Nevada.
49. After World War I, prostitution became associated with ____, and the desire to protect young servicemen from harm
helped to end all experiments with legalization in the United States.
a.
organized crime
b.
immorality
c.
violence
d.
disease
50. Prostitution is illegal in all states except Nevada where licensed and highly regulated brothels can operate as business
enterprises in ______.
a.
rural counties
b.
hotel casinos
c.
Las Vegas and Reno
d.
private residences
51. What does research indicate about the effects of legalizing prostitution?
a.
Legalization leads to zoned areas where prostitution is cordoned off from suburban neighborhoods.
b.
Legalization results in lower pay but increased freedom for prostitutes.
c.
Legalization protects women from violence, verbal abuse, and physical injuries.
d.
Legalization leads to massive expansion of the trade, both legal and illegal.
52. Feminists’ sexual equality view considers the prostitute a victim of ______.
a.
child sexual abuse
b.
economic circumstances
c.
male dominance
d.
personal choices
53. Which of the following is a contention of opponents of pornography?
a.
Pornography has increased racism in the United States.
b.
Pornography is allowable if sold only in adult book stores.
c.
Pornography serves to encourage women to enter pornographic industries.
d.
Pornography degrades both the people who are participants and the public who are sometimes forced to see
it.
54. Which of the following is not true about pornography
a.
Legal restrictions have made the prosecution of possession of pornography difficult especially for material
involving children
b.
The scientific evidence linking pornography to violence is mixed.
c.
Sexually explicit films make up 15-30 percent of the home rental market.
d.
The Court redefined its measure of obscenity in the case of Miller v. California.
55. Obscenity is derived from the Latin word caenum that means _____________.
a.
perversion
b.
filth
c.
illegal
d.
twisted
56. The __________ Amendment right to free speech makes legal control of pornography quite difficult.
a.
First
b.
Second
c.
Fourth
d.
Sixth
57. Tying drug use to factors such as racial prejudice, low self-esteem, poor socioeconomic status, and the high levels of
mistrust, negativism, and defiance found in impoverished areas describes which causal explanation of drug use?
a.
Social learning
b.
Psychological view
c.
Subcultural view
d.
Problem behavior syndrome
58. Problem behavior syndrome contends that ______.
a.
genetics hold the key to addiction
b.
the neighborhood is the primary determinant of substance abuse
c.
substance abuse is linked to impaired cognitive functioning
d.
substance abuse is just one of many problem behaviors
59. Border patrols are examples of ________ strategies aimed at stopping drug use.
a.
rehabilitation
b.
interdiction
c.
restorative
d.
diversion
60. Which issue presents an obstacle to controlling drugs via source control strategies?
a.
The drug trade is an important source of foreign revenue and source control undermines third-world
economies.
b.
The amount of foreign grown narcotics is so vast that even if 75 percent of the opium market were destroyed,
the United States would still require only 10 percent of the remainder to sustain its drug trade.
c.
Even if the government of one nation were willing to cooperate in vigorous drug suppression efforts, other
nations would be eager to cash in on the drug trade void.
d.
These are all issues that present obstacles to controlling drugs via source control strategies.
61. Ethan Nadelmann argues that drugs should be legalized because ______.
a.
legalization will increase the price of drugs making it too costly for people to use drugs.
b.
the use of mood-altering substances is customary in almost all human societies.
c.
taxes the government could charge on drugs would help pay for drug prevention and treatment.
d.
we should be free.
62. Gloria is a 22-year-old woman from Florida who is attempting to finish college. She is studying to become a nurse.
She began dancing as an exotic dancer at a gentlemen’s club when she turned 20 to help pay for her tuition. Answer the
following questions.
After dancing for roughly a year, Gloria heard several of the other girls talk about prostitution. Gloria believed she could
make more money by being both an exotic dancer and as an escort. Her belief most likely fits the view of prostitution
called the ___________.
a.
free choice view
b.
sexual equality view
c.
sexual inequality view
d.
rational choice view
63. One of Gloria's regular clients likes to participate in an outlawed paraphilia that involves deriving pleasure from
receiving pain from Gloria and inflicting pain on her as well. This is called _______.
a.
sadomasochism
b.
exhibitionism
c.
frotteurism
d.
voyeurism
64. Gloria would most likely fit into which category of prostitute?
a.
Bar girl
b.
Brothel prostitute
c.
Call girl
d.
Street walker
65. Behavior that is outlawed because it threatens the general well-being of society and challenges its accepted moral
principles are called __________________
66. Public order crimes that violate the moral order but have no intended harmed party other than society are referred to as
________________ crimes.
67. ________________ refers to the injury caused to others by willful wrongful conduct.
68. Public order crimes often trace their origin to moral crusaders who seek to shape the law to reflect their own way of
thinking. They are called ___________________.
69. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in _______________ that state-level bans on same-sex marriage are unconstitutional.
70. _____________ refers to the bizarre or abnormal sexual practices that may involve nonhuman objects, humiliation or
children.
71. Attaining sexual pleasure through sexual activity with prepubescent children is known as ________________.
72. The granting of nonmartial sexual access for remuneration is known as __________________
73. _________________ are a form of prostitute who spend their time in alcoholic establishments drinking and waiting to
be picked up by customers.
74. The ________________ view considers the prostitute a victim of male dominance and a clear example of gender
exploitation.
75. Prostitution is illegal in all states except ___________, where licensed and highly regulated brothels can operate as
business enterprises in rural counties.
76. Prostitutes known as ______ move around in groups of two or three to lumber, labor, and agricultural camps
exchanging sex for cash.
77. In the case of __________________ the Court articulated a reasonableness doctrine which states a work is obscene if
a reasonable person applying objective standards would find the material to lack any social value.
78. To convict a person of obscenity, the Court uses the ______________ doctrine, where the state or local jurisdiction
must specifically define obscene conduct in its statute, and the pornographer must engage in that behavior.
79. ___________ is described as sexually explicit books, magazines, films, and DVDs, intended to provide sexual
excitement for paying customers.
80. Material that violates community standards of morality or decency is said to be __________________
81. A personal trait characterized by a pervasive psychological dependence on mood-altering substances is called
___________________.
82. Having five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days is considered
___________________.
83. The Eighteenth Amendment of the Constitution outlawed the sale of alcohol otherwise known as
__________________.
84. The _______________ movement was the drive to prohibit the sale of alcohol in the United States, culminating in the
ratification of the Eighteenth Amendment in 1919.
85. When drug users begin by using less potent and addicting drugs such as marijuana, and increase in potency to drugs
such as cocaine and heroin, this is referred to as the ________________.
86. A drug that produces sleep and relieves pain, such as heroin, morphine, and opium, and may become addictive is
referred to as a ____________________.
87. _______________ is an elementary school course designed to give students the skills to resist the peer pressure of
experimenting with tobacco, drugs, and alcohol.
88. A law enforcement strategy referred to as ________________, uses the idea of destroying overseas crops and drug
labs to reduce the drug trade.
89. Why is it that the legislation of moral issues continuously frustrates lawmakers? How do public order crimes differ
from other types of offenses?
90. Explain the concept of social harm and discuss the contention by some scholars that public order crimes are not
necessarily victimless offenses.
91. Using anti-smut or anti-gay marriage campaigns as your example, explain how moral crusaders seek to shape the law.
92. Some sexual practices cause social harm and are outlawed and subject to state control. Identify and discuss these
outlawed forms of deviant sexuality.
93. Describe the conditions necessary in a commercial sexual transaction (i.e., prostitution) and the current trend in arrests
for prostitution.
94. The term “prostitute” encompasses a variety of categories. Identify and discuss the various types of prostitute that
exist in the United States today.
95. Discuss the issue of legalized prostitution, presenting the viewpoints of advocates for and against legalization.
96. Explain the origin of the words “pornography” and “obscenity” and discuss the current legal meanings of these terms.
97. There are many different views on the cause of drug use. Explain the subcultural and psychological views of substance
abuse causation.
98. A number of different drug control strategies have been tried with varying degrees of success. Discuss these various
strategies and their effectiveness.
99. Compare and contrast the social learning view and genetics view of drug dependency and drug usage.
100. Compare and contrast the drugs and crime relationship. In your answer, defend whether you believe drug use causes
crime, crime causes drug use, or another explanation is more plausible. Explain your answer.
