Children who are psychologically, sexually, or physically abused are more likely to
suffer low self-esteem and be more suicidal as adults.
a. True
b. False
Exhibitionism is the deriving of sexual pleasure from rubbing against a nonconsenting
person in a crowd, elevator, or other public place.
a. True
b. False
First-degree murder occurs when a person kills another after _______ and deliberation.
a. premeditation
b. anger
c. purpose
d. malice
A type of computer crime which includes the unauthorized obtaining of information
from a computer (hacking), including software that is copied for profit.
a. Theft of information
b. Manipulation
c. Corporate espionage
d. Skimming
Corporate culture theory suggests that some businesses actually encourage employees
to cheat or cut corners.
a. True
b. False
The theft and/or destruction of information, resources, or funds via computers,
computer networks, or the Internet.
a. Cybercrime
b. Organized crime
c. Connected crime
d. Technology crime
Frederick Lawrence argues that criminals motivated by bias deserve to be punished
more severely than those who commit identical crimes for other motives. Why is this
so?
a. Because bias crimes are more likely to be violent and result in serious physical injury
to the victim
b. Because bias crimes harm not only the victim but also the “target community”
c. Because bias crimes violate the shared value of equality among citizens
d. Bias crimes should be punished more severely for all these reasons
Property crime rates have declined in recent years, dropping more than 10 percent
during the past decade.
a. True
b. False
Keith, Mike, and Paul feel that they are good at many things but the standards at which
they are judged successful or unsuccessful are unfair. The especially feel this way in
school from their teachers and coaches. They are most likely being majored using
______.
a. lower-class measuring rod
b. middle-class measuring rod
c. upper-class measuring rod
d. social class measuring rod
Criminals have become more technologically sophisticated, routinely using the Internet
to carry out their criminal conspiracies.
a. True
b. False
Which perspective best supports the fact that human history has been marked by war,
violence, and aggression?
a. Biochemical
b. Neurophysiological
c. Genetic
d. Evolutionary
Crime peaks in adolescence and then declines rapidly thereafter.
a. True
b. False
Research has depicted that victim/witness statements on sentencing have been the
overwhelming greatest success for victims’ rights in the last 10 years.
a. True
b. False
The view that disadvantaged economic class position is a primary cause of crime is
known as ______ theory.
a. social structure
b. social class
c. social bond
d. culture of poverty
Adolescents who do not engage in any deviant behavior, a path that places them outside
of the norm for their age group, are referred to as abstainers.
a. True
b. False
Social process theories have had a major influence on public policy initiatives over the
last 60+ years.
a. True
b. False
According to psychologist Terrie Moffit, most young offenders follow one of two paths;
adolescent-limited and ______.
a. life course persisters
b. age of onsetters
c. adolescent pre-disposers
d. abstainers
Assault requires no actual touching, but involves either attempted battery or
intentionally frightening the victim by word or deed.
a. True
b. False
Do criminals really neutralize? What does Topalli’s research on street criminals
indicate?
a. Street criminals frequently respect and admire honest, law-abiding persons.
b. Street criminals do not experience guilt that requires neutralization.
c. Street criminals experience guilt and shame that require neutralization.
d. Street criminals are often embarrassed about showing pride in their criminal
accomplishments.
Christopher is a 17-year-old high school senior who is constantly getting into arguments
with his mother. She believes he should have a 9 p.m. curfew and that he should not
hang out with certain people in certain neighborhoods. She is fearful he will become a
victim of crime. Christopher believes he is a strong man who should not have a curfew
and that he can protect himself.
Christopher’s mother is convinced there are certain places in their community that are
deviant because they are home to “demoralized people.” All of the following may be
considered “demoralized people” except the______.
a. homeless
b. drug addicted
c. mentally ill
d. middle class
Socio-biologists view all of the following factors as being mutually interdependent
except .
a. biology
b. environment
c. learning
d. ecology
Patterns of assault are quite similar to that for homicide
a. True
b. False
Trouble, toughness, smartness, and excitement are all examples of values that have
evolved specifically to fit conditions of the lower class known as ______.
a. cultural trepidations
b. focal concerns
c. cultural transmissions
d. social contracts
Jody is a 21-year-old college student from Wheeling, WV. She attends a local state
university with her boyfriend, David, and the two are set to graduate next May with
degrees in criminal justice. Answer the following questions:
One of Jody’s friends on the volleyball team regularly downloads music from the
Internet and has gotten Jody to participate in the activity as well. Although Jody knows
this is illegal, she is participating in a cybercrime called______.
a. file sharing
b. salami slicing
c. warez
d. skimming
Paraphilias are deviant sexual acts such as exhibitionism and voyeurism. Many are
considered crimes.
a. True
b. False
Critical theorists question the altruism of multinational corporations and, therefore, take
a very skeptical view of ______.
a. mechanization
b. globalization
c. immigration
d. technological communications
Which of the following is not true about the “cyber age” according to the text?
a. Facebook reached 10 million users in 2015.
b. There are over 500 million tweets a day.
c. Nearly 4 billion industries use email.
d. Over 190 billion email messages are sent daily.
_____ programs assist victims who feel isolated and vulnerable and who are in need of
immediate or emergency services.
a. Crisis support
b. Crisis intervention
c. Victim intervention
d. Victim services
Marcus Felson argues that the risk of crime may be increased by improving the
effectiveness of crime _____.
a. obstructers
b. discouragers
c. monitors
d. inhibitors
Even the federal government can fall victim to scams as the IRS is expected to lose as
much as $21 billion in revenue between 2012 and 2017 due to identity theft.
a. True
b. False
According to Wilson and Herrnstein’s crime and human nature view, a criminal incident
occurs when an individual chooses criminal over conventional behavior. What factor
influences that choice?
a. Social capital
b. A latent trait
c. Low self-control
d. Peer influence
Behaviorists view aggression as an inherited behavior.
a. True
b. False
__________________ is the practice of sending suspected terrorists to foreign prisons
that permit torture in the interrogation of suspects.
According to the text, offenders who make a significant portion of their income from
crime are referred to as ______________ criminals.
Prostitutes known as ______ move around in groups of two or three to lumber, labor,
and agricultural camps exchanging sex for cash.
A Philadelphia police program that made use of foot patrols found that while the
program worked at first, the effects began to quickly fade thereafter. This would be an
example of ______________________.
The __________________ pathway escalates to aggressive acts beginning with
aggression and leading to physical fighting and eventually violent crime.
_____ occurs when criminals try new offenses to replace those neutralized by crime
prevention efforts.
What are latent traits and how are latent traits linked to the onset and persistence of
crime?
Answer:Answers will vary
Gottfredson and Hirschi’s developmental theory that links crime and impulsivity and a
lack of self-control is known as _____________.
Discuss the issue of legalized prostitution, presenting the viewpoints of advocates for
and against legalization.
Answer:Answers will vary
According to sociologist Walter Miller, clinging to lower-class _________________,
such as toughness and fate, promotes illegal or violent behavior.
Entering a home by force, threat, or deception with intent to commit a crime is called
______________.
The use of computer networks for criminal profits, copyright infringements, identity
theft, and Internet securities are examples of cyber-crimes called
___________________.
Compare and contrast rational choice theory for need and rational choice theory for
greed and how it relates to theories of offending.
Answer:Answers will vary.
According to psychologist Terrie Moffitt, _________________ are kids who get into
minor scrapes as youth but whose misbehavior ends when they enter adulthood.
Forcing victims to pay for services or contracts to which they have a clear right is called
________________.
Social control exerted by cohesive communities and based on mutual trust is known as
_____.
List and describe the various forms of worms and viruses.
Answer:Answers will vary
The repetition of criminal behavior is _________.