Beth was a victim of childhood physical and sexual abuse. She is now 40 years old and
is a well-respected journalist who works for a nationally known magazine. She also
travels around the country speaking to crime victims.
Beth wrote an article about the cycle of _____________, which explained that victims
of childhood abuse are more likely to commit crimes themselves.
a. abuse
b. crime
c. rape
d. violence
The UCR expresses data as raw figures, crime rates, and changes in the number and rate
over time. How are crime rates expressed in the UCR?
a. Rates per 1,000 total U.S. population
b. Rates per 10,000 total U.S. population
c. Rates per 100,000 total U.S. population
d. Rates per 1,000,000 total U.S. population
One of the key principles of life course theory is that ______.
a. high verbal ability during childhood predicts persistence
b. persistent offenders begin their offending careers in late adolescence
c. the earlier the onset of criminality, the more specialized and violent the criminal
career
d. the seeds of a criminal career are planted early in life
The common-law definition of rape is the carnal knowledge of a female forcibly and
against her will.
a. True
b. False
Becky obtains a legitimate receipt from a store and returns to the store, shops, and picks
up the identical item return to the service desk to get a refund. Becky has just
committed _______.
a. shoplisting
b. entail fraud
c. phishing
d. mass marketing fraud
The NCVS has found that nearly a million more burglaries occur each year than
reported by the UCR.
a. True
b. False
An example of foreign industrial espionage would be the targeting of U.S. firms for
technology that would strengthen their foreign defense capabilities.
a. True
b. False
Economic crimes were even punished 3,000 years ago in the Code of Hammurabi.
a. True
b. False
The general theory of crime links the propensity to commit crime to low intelligence
and body build.
a. True
b. False
While the nation is still “at war with drugs,” a positive sign can be found in the nearly
200 percent reduction in hospital visits for drug-related illness over the last decade.
a. True
b. False
Public order crimes are outlawed because they threaten the general well-being of
society and challenge society’s accepted moral principles.
a. True
b. False
Some acts that cause enormous amounts of social harm are perfectly legal.
a. True
b. False
This type of election fraud occurs when voters are scared away from polls because of
threats.
a. Intimidation
b. Misinformation
c. Disruption
d. Vote buying
International trafficking in prostitution flourishes. Hundreds of thousands of children
and women, primarily from _________, are abducted or lured by the promise of good
jobs and, instead, end up in the sex trade in industrialized countries including the
United States.
a. Southeast Asia and Eastern Europe
b. Western Europe and South Africa
c. South Africa and Southeast Asia
d. Eastern Europe and South Africa
Robert Hanssen, a former FBI counterintelligence officer, was arrested in 2001 for
selling secrets to which nation? Hanssen’s case is considered one the most severe forms
of espionage reported and was part of 2007 film titled The Breach.
a. Russia
b. China
c. Germany
d. North Korea
At the age of 15, Julie gave birth to twin sons. Julie was a high school dropout and did
not have a job. She was not able to take proper care of the boys so she decided to give
them up for adoption. Their father was convicted of armed robbery and rape. He signed
over his custody rights to the state while serving a 30-year prison sentence.
Which biosocial theory would promote that research should be done to see if the boys
will be delinquent like their father?
a. Biochemical
b. Neurological
c. Genetic
d. Evolutionary
Rape, unlike many other violent crimes, tends to occur in the colder months, such as
December and January. The correlation between weather and rape is often linked to
“cabin fever” and even “boredom” among many violent offenders.
a. True
b. False
Jacob’s and Wright’s research on robbers indicates that target selection can be a rational
choice made to ____ rather than to generate capital.
a. instill rage
b. increase the robber’s reputation
c. send a message
d. generate fear
Research has shown that children suffering from conduct disorders (CD) are frequently
involved in bullying and sexual assaults, as well as cruelty to animals.
a. True
b. False
In 1991, the U.S. Supreme Court overturned the validity of shield laws and ruled that
excluding evidence of a prior sexual relationship between the parties violates a
defendant’s right to a fair trial.
a. True
b. False
Measures of neuropsychological deficits, birth complications, and low birth weight all
have found to have no significant impact on self-control.
a. True
b. False
Globalization has replaced imperialism and colonization as a new form of economic
domination and oppression and now presents, according to critical thinkers, a threat to
the world economy.
a. True
b. False
Sutherland’s research on crime led him to dispute the notion that crime was a function
of the inherent inadequacy of people in the lower classes.
a. True
b. False
At the age of 15, Julie gave birth to twin sons. Julie was a high school dropout and did
not have a job. She was not able to take proper care of the boys so she decided to give
them up for adoption. Their father was convicted of armed robbery and rape. He signed
over his custody rights to the state while serving a 30-year prison sentence.
Which factor presented in the scenario would be the best indicator that the boys would
engage in criminal behavior?
a. That their adopted mother is criminal
b. That their biological father is criminal
c. That their biological mother ends up committing crime after the boys are adopted
d. That their adopted parents are over 40 years old
Martha is looking to move to a new city to raise her two young children. School quality
and crime rates are her two biggest concerns that she will evaluate before deciding on
which city to move to. Her employment is flexible in that she works from home. Thus,
she is able to work from anywhere in the country.
Martha is particularly concerned with drug offenses and vandalism in the community
that she will move to. These types of offenses are ____ crimes, according to the official
crime records.
a. Part I
b. Part II
c. Violent
d. Juvenile
Amateur shoplifter who does not self-identify as a thief but who systematically steals
merchandise for personal use.
a. Snitch
b. Stilth
c. Scout
d. Fitch
According to latent trait theory, when does a latent trait appear?
a. At birth or soon after
b. During childhood
c. During adolescence
d. During early adulthood
Programs of rehabilitation that remove offenders from the normal channels of the
criminal justice process, thus avoiding the stigma of a criminal label.
a. Diversion programs
b. Acceleration programs
c. Diffusion programs
d. Regeneration programs
Diet, hormones, and contaminants are the causes of behavior in the ________
perspective.
a. biochemical
b. neurophysiological
c. genetic
d. evolutionary
Which of the following factors has been the most stable indicator of criminal
likelihood?
a. Age
b. Income
c. Race/ethnicity
d. Temperature
When governments legalize prostitution, it leads to a massive expansion of the trade,
both legal and illegal.
a. True
b. False
The poorest Americans are also the most likely victims of violent and property crimes.
a. True
b. False
Research has shown that a significant number of adults involved in violent episodes
may be suffering from mental illness; however, the link between mental illness and
violent episodes is limited at best with juveniles.
a. True
b. False
Victim compensation is financial aid awarded to victims to repay them for loss and
injury. Who ordinarily pays this compensation?
a. Victim advocates
b. The offender
c. The federal government
d. The state
Cognitive frameworks known as ______________ help people quickly process and sort
though information.
The ______________ are an underground Asian crime group with criminal societies
based in Hong Kong. They control secret markets and bus routes and are often involved
in money laundering and drug trafficking.
A _______ is a serious offense that carries a penalty of imprisonment, usually for one
year or more.
Professionals who make a living by passing bad checks are known as
_____________________.
What are the differences between felonies and misdemeanors? Provide examples of
each of these types of crimes.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Compare and contrast deterrence and compliance in regard to white-collar and
green-collar crime.
Answer:Answers will vary.
_________________ deterrence refers to the efforts of preventing crime through
community organization and youth involvement.
___________________ is a term computer hackers and software pirates use to describe
a game or application that is made available for use on the Internet in violation of its
copyright protection.
List and describe the six measures designed to make people better problem solvers
through therapeutic interventions.
Answer:Answers may vary.
The unlawful taking, carrying, leading, or riding away of property from the possession
or constructive possession of another is known as _____.
________ theory is the view that crime is a function of a decision-making process in
which the potential offender weighs the potential costs and benefits of an illegal act.
Describe how globalization is linked to crime and criminality.
Answer:Answers will vary.
In regard to specific deterrence, explain why it is plausible that evidence on the
effectiveness of specific deterrence is mixed. Provide examples from the text.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Compare and contrast the key findings associated with intimate partner, acquaintance,
and stranger murders.
Answer:Answers will vary
Discuss how collective efficacy and community cohesion are associated. Include in
your discussion the three types of collective efficacy and how collective efficacy is
associated with levels of crime in a neighborhood.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Compare and contrast instrumental and structural theories.
Answer:Answers will vary.
_________ deterrence is the view that criminal sanctions should be so powerful that
offenders will never repeat their criminal acts.
When political operatives try to shape the outcome of an election by busing in ineligible
voters from other districts, this process is known as_______________.