Studies conducted on twin behavior have detected a significant relationship between the
criminal activities of _____ twins.
a. AZ
b. DZ
c. MZ
d. QZ
According to deterrence theory, not only does the actual chance of punishment
influence criminality, but so does the perception of punishment.
a. True
b. False
The concept of general deterrence holds that ______.
a. as people age they commit fewer crimes
b. if guardians become increasingly motivated, there will be less crime
c. motivated people will violate the law if left unrestricted
d. the decision to commit crime can be controlled by the threat of criminal punishment
Legislation called _______________________ laws protect retailers and their
employees from lawsuits if they arrest and detain a suspected shoplifter on reasonable
grounds.
a. merchant privilege
b. booster
c. right-to-protect
d. service provider
Which of the following is nota criticism of differential association theory?
a. Differential association theory fails to account for the origin of criminal definitions.
b. Differential association theory assumes criminal and delinquent acts to be rational
and systematic.
c. Differential association theory can account for isolated, psychopathic killing.
d. Differential association theory ignores spontaneous acts of violence.
Which of the following is true about Asian transnational crime groups?
a. Chinese gangs are primarily involved in human trafficking, especially the shipment
of young, poor, Asian women to Eastern Europe and Thailand for the sex trade
b. The heijin is Thailand’s #1 criminal group, involved primarily in the manufacturing
and distribution of methamphetamines
c. The Jao Pho, the Philippines largest gang, is often involved in street crime and
prostitution and are now one of the largest growing groups on the west coast of the
United States
d. In Taiwan, the number one organized crime problem is the penetration of mobsters
into legitimate business sectors and politics
Legislation giving U.S. law enforcement agencies a freer hand to investigate and
apprehend suspected terrorists is called the USA Patriot Act.
a. True
b. False
According to deviant place theory, the greater their exposure to dangerous places, the
more likely people will become victims of crime and violence. Which factor does not
characterize a deviant/dangerous place?
a. A highly transient neighborhood
b. A neighborhood with educational and residential properties
c. A poor neighborhood
d. A neighborhood with commercial and residential properties
At the end of the nineteenth century, the popularity of the classical approach began to
decline as _____ criminologists focused their attention on internal and external factors,
such as poverty, IQ, and education, rather than personal choice and decision making.
a. positivist
b. ecological
c. classical
d. interactionist
Which of the following is notone of the four goals of political criminals in the text?
a. Economic
b. Profit
c. Intimidation
d. Conviction
Since the age of two, Michael has had a history of acting out. As a child, Michael’s
acting out consisted of disrespecting his parents. By the age of 12, he was skipping
school and hanging out with older boys in the neighborhood. By the time he was 15, he
started using drugs and alcohol.
Michael’s family checks Michael into a three-month residential treatment center that
treats individuals with mental health issues and drug addiction. The treatment Michael
receives is considered a(n) _________________ program.
a. primary prevention
b. secondary prevention
c. adjudicatory prevention
d. alternative sentencing
Which of the following situations reflect an act of deviance as opposed to a crime?
a. A thief who steals an unlocked automobile
b. A passerby who observes a person drowning and does not offer aid
c. A person who withdraws from family after joining a religious cult
d. A man who rapes a woman
__________ refers to the rubbing against or touching of a nonconsenting adult in a
crowd.
a. Exhibitionism
b. Frotteurism
c. Pedophilia
d. Voyeurism
Latin American and Mexican cartels primary method of income is through ______.
a. drug sales and drug smuggling
b. human trafficking
c. gambling
d. loan sharking
Victim risk diminishes rapidly after age ______.
a. 25
b. 30
c. 35
d. 40
A buyer and seller of stolen merchandise is often referred to as a ______.
a. shark
b. picket
c. fence
d. heise
Cohesive communities with high levels of social control and social integration and
where people develop interpersonal ties are also likely to develop ______.
a. high levels of incivility
b. collective efficacy
c. mistrust of public social control
d. siege mentality
Which of the following is not one of the environmental laws discussed in the text?
a. Natural Gas and Anti-Fracking Act
b. Clean Water Act
c. Endangered Species Act
d. Oil Pollution Act
Al-Qaeda, the group responsible for the 9/11 attacks, is an example of a retributive
terrorist group.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following households is most vulnerable to crime?
a. A rented urban home in the West
b. An owned rural home in the West
c. A rented suburban home in the East
d. An owned rural home in the East
Hegemonic masculinity refers to belief that each culture creates its own ideal version of
what male behavior should be.
a. True
b. False
According to sociobiology, living in a disadvantaged neighborhood will cause a
well-adjusted person to commit crime.
a. True
b. False
Trevor is a habitual criminal offender. He has committed dozens of robberies and
hundreds of burglaries, and has stolen approximately 30 vehicles. Trevor was 14 when
he was first arrested for stealing a car. He is now 44 years old and just got out of prison.
He spent 10 years in prison for an armed robbery.
The judge explained to Trevor at his sentencing hearing 10 years ago that if he is
arrested and convicted of another crime after he serves his 10 years, he is likely to get a
lifetime prison sentence under strict sentencing guidelines. Trevor remembers the words
of the judge when he is released from prison. If the judge’s words are what have
convinced Trevor to remain crime free, what crime control policy has successfully kept
Trevor a law-abiding citizen?
a. General deterrence
b. Specific deterrence
c. Incapacitation
d. Rehabilitation
One of the primary issues for combating transnational drug crime is that the United
States has little influence in some key drug-producing areas, such as Taliban-held
Afghanistan and Myanmar.
a. True
b. False
Auto thieves are not selective in their choice of target because all cars can be stripped
for their valuable parts.
a. True
b. False
Prostitution is illegal in all states except Nevada where licensed and highly regulated
brothels can operate as business enterprises in ______.
a. rural counties
b. hotel casinos
c. Las Vegas and Reno
d. private residences
Which region of the United States has the highest crime rates?
a. Northeast
b. Midwest
c. South
d. West
Empirical evidence fails to support the view that labeling plays a significant role in
persistent offending.
a. True
b. False
Date rape was first identified as a serious social problem in the 1980s with the work of
Mary Koss.
a. True
b. False
The major premise of the neurological theory is that ______.
a. as the human race evolved, traits and characteristics became ingrained, some of
which make people aggressive and predisposed to commit crime
b. the criminality of the parents can predict the delinquency of their children
c. criminals and delinquents often suffer brain impairment
d. crime is a function of diet and food allergies
An example of a rape myth would be “women contribute to their rape by dressing
provocatively.”
a. True
b. False
The accused is brought before the trial judge and formal charges are read during which
step in the criminal justice process?
a. Adjudication
b. Arrest
c. Arraignment
d. Disposition
Mala in se crimes, such as murder and rape, reflect which view of crime?
a. Consensus view of crime
b. Conflict view of crime
c. Interactionist view of crime
d. Legalistic view of crime
According to labeling theory, stigma helps lock people into deviant careers.
a. True
b. False
The criminological enterprise subarea of criminal statistics/crime measurement involves
creating methodologies that are able to accurately measure activities, trends, and
patterns in crime.
a. True
b. False
A nation whose government has lost control of its own territory, is unable to provide
public services, and lacks the ability to interact with other states is known as a
________________.
Criminologists now use _______________ to create graphical representations of the
spatial geography of crime.
Discuss the concept of cybercrime and why and how it has become important.
Answer:Answers will vary
_________ is the study of the victim’s role in criminal events.
According to the concepts of rational choice, what causes law-violating behavior?
Answer:Answers will vary.
______________ fraud consists of the illegal buying and selling of merchandise on the
Internet.
Process whereby secondary deviance pushes offenders out of mainstream society and
locks them into a cycle of violence known as ___________________.
Identify and discuss the problems associated with the validity of crime data collection
using victimization surveys and self-report studies.
Answer:Answers will vary.
List and describe some of the motives for arson. What trends are visible?
Answer:Answers will vary.
This group, ____________, began as an insurgency, raiding Iraq and Syria and
occupying major cities with the primary goal of creating a caliphate, based on a very
conservative Islamic religious code.
________________ occurs when parents are alienated from their children, and their
negative labeling reduces their children’s self-image and increases delinquency.
Criminal conspiracies that cross national and international borders and involve the
planning and execution of illicit ventures by groups or networks in more than one
country is known as _______.
The U.S. Criminal Code codifies ________ as whoever, owing allegiance to the United
States, levies war against them or adheres to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort
within the United States or elsewhere.
Incapacitation suggests that placing offenders behind bars during their prime crime
years should reduce their lifetime opportunity to commit crime. Not all criminologists
are convinced of the validity of this incapacitation effect. Discuss why this is so.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Famed social commentator Alan Dershowitz proposed the creation of a
________________ that can only be issued by a judge in cases where there is absolute
need to obtain immediate information in order to save lives.
Laws that require offenders to serve life in prison after they are convicted of a third
offense are known as ______.
The _______________ movement was the drive to prohibit the sale of alcohol in the
United States, culminating in the ratification of the Eighteenth Amendment in 1919.