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True / False
1. Guns do not cause violence, but their presence can escalate its severity.
a.
True
b.
False
2. The UCR indicates that about 70 percent of all murders, 40 percent of all robberies, and 20 percent of aggravated
assaults involve the use of firearms.
a.
True
b.
False
3. Research has shown that a significant number of adults involved in violent episodes may be suffering from mental
illness; however, the link between mental illness and violent episodes is limited at best with juveniles.
a.
True
b.
False
4. Absent or deviant parents and inconsistent discipline have been linked to persistent violent offending.
a.
True
b.
False
5. Violence that is designed not for profit or gain but to vent rage is referred to as instrumental violence.
a.
True
b.
False
6. Rape, unlike many other violent crimes, tends to occur in the colder months, such as December and January. The
correlation between weather and rape is often linked to "cabin fever" and even "boredom" among many violent offenders.
a.
True
b.
False
7. Rape was once considered a sexual offense, but criminologists now view rape as a violent crime, not a forceful
expression of sexuality.
a.
True
b.
False
8. Date rape was first identified as a serious social problem in the 1980s with the work of Mary Koss.
a.
True
b.
False
9. West Virginia became the first state to enact legislation requiring consent before a sexual encounter can take place.
a.
True
b.
False
10. The common-law definition of rape is the carnal knowledge of a female forcibly and against her will.
a.
True
b.
False
11. The 1994 Violence Against Women Act allows rape victims to sue in civil court on the grounds that the sexual assault
violated their civil rights.
a.
True
b.
False
12. In 1991, the U.S. Supreme Court overturned the validity of shield laws and ruled that excluding evidence of a prior
sexual relationship between the parties violates a defendant’s right to a fair trial.
a.
True
b.
False
13. Voluntary or nonnegligent manslaughter refers to a killing committed in the heat of passion or during a sudden quarrel
that provoked violence.
a.
True
b.
False
14. Patterns of assault are quite similar to that for homicide
a.
True
b.
False
15. African Americans comprise 20 percent of all serial murders but their involvement is masked because the media rarely
focuses on black multiple murderers.
a.
True
b.
False
16. Assault requires no actual touching, but involves either attempted battery or intentionally frightening the victim by
word or deed.
a.
True
b.
False
17. In cases of spousal abuse, physical abuse is commonly accompanied by mental abuse and coercion that can have long-
term damaging psychological effects.
a.
True
b.
False
18. According to the text, Wright and Decker found that most armed robberies are motivated by a pressing need for cash.
a.
True
b.
False
19. Female armed robbers tend to select vulnerable male targets who are not likely to resist.
a.
True
b.
False
20. Not all workplace violence is triggered by management-induced injustice.
a.
True
b.
False
21. Stalking cases are often dropped by the courts despite the fact that stalkers often have extensive criminal histories and
are frequently the subject of protective orders.
a.
True
b.
False
22. Workplace violence is now considered the second leading cause of occupational injury or death.
a.
True
b.
False
23. About 3 million people are the victim of stalking each year.
a.
True
b.
False
24. According to the link between substance abuse and violence, if two rival gangs fight over the same turf and one
individual ends up dead as a result, this would be labeled systemic violence.
a.
True
b.
False
Multiple Choice
25. Personal traits can account for violent behavior. Psychologist Dorothy Ottnow Lewis found that murderous youths
often suffer signs of ___________.
a.
genetic impairments
b.
intellectual dysfunction
c.
neurological impairments
d.
personality disorders
26. Sigmund Freud believed that human aggression and violence are produced by instinctual drives. ____ is the death
instinct that is sometimes expressed externally as violence or internally as suicide and alcoholism.
a.
Hostility
b.
Eros
c.
Narcissism
d.
Thanatos
27. Children exposed to violence at home, at school, or in the environment may adopt violent methods themselves. Which
children are most likely to engage in violent behavior?
a.
Children exposed to a single act of gun violence
b.
Children exposed to violence in the home
c.
Children exposed to violence in the home and who live in a neighborhood with high violence rates
d.
Children living in areas marked by extreme violence
28. Frank is a drug user. Frank robs a store to support his heroin habit. This is an example of _______.
a.
economic compulsive behavior
b.
pharmacological violence
c.
systemic violence
d.
psychopharmacological violence
29. A segment of society in which violence has become legitimized by the custom and norms of that group.
a.
Subculture of violence
b.
Economic compulsive behavior
c.
Systemic link
d.
Pharmacological violence
30. The Uniform Crime Report indicates that __________ of all murders and about 40 percent of all robberies involve
firearms.
a.
33 percent
b.
70 percent
c.
50 percent
d.
90 percent
31. Catherine and Gloria regularly crush up prescription pain meds at work and snort them. When they do this they
usually become confrontational with coworkers as a result. This is a ______.
a.
psychopharmacological relationship
b.
compulsive relationship
c.
systemic relationship
d.
stratified relationship
32. The common law definition of rape derives from the Latin word rapere meaning ______ and is defined as “the carnal
knowledge of a female forcibly and against her will.”
a.
to take by right
b.
to take by force
c.
to take by surprise
d.
to take by compulsion
33. Sexual relations between an underage minor female and an adult male.
a.
Statutory rape
b.
Systemic rape
c.
Marital rape
d.
Sadistic rape
34. Diana Russel’s concept of the virility mystique reflects which causal factor of why men commit rape?
a.
Male socialization
b.
Psychological abnormality
c.
Social learning
d.
Evolution
35. According to Groth, 40 percent of rapists he studied were ______.
a.
sexually victimized as adults
b.
sexually victimized as adolescents
c.
priests
d.
teachers and or coaches
36. Unlike any other crime, in a rape case it is essential to prove that the attack was forced and that no question of ____
exists.
a.
consensual influence
b.
voluntary manipulation
c.
consensual authority
d.
voluntary compliance
37. In the 1991 case of Michigan v. Lucas, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the validity of ______ that protect women
from being questioned about their sexual history unless it directly bears on the case.
a.
immunity laws
b.
shield laws
c.
protection laws
d.
Hurley laws
38. First-degree murder occurs when a person kills another after _______ and deliberation.
a.
premeditation
b.
anger
c.
purpose
d.
malice
39. When Diane Whipple died after being attacked by two large dogs in the hallway of her apartment building, one of the
dogs’ owners was convicted of manslaughter based on the legal principle of ______.
a.
deliberate awareness
b.
deliberate premeditation
c.
deliberate indifference
d.
deliberate malice
40. Research indicates a variety of facts about murder. Which of the following murder facts is inaccurate?
a.
Over 40 percent of murders in which the attacker can be identified involved an intimate partner.
b.
Murder tends to be an intraracial crime
c.
Most murders occur among people who are acquainted.
d.
Females age 65 or older are more likely than males of the same age to be homicide victims
41. Failing to provide a child with the care and shelter to which he or she is entitled is called ______.
a.
neglect
b.
abuse
c.
rage
d.
battery
42. Violent assault by a motorist who loses control of his or her emotions while driving is called ______.
a.
road rage
b.
road termination
c.
road neglect
d.
spree rage
43. Murder of a very young child.
a.
Filicide
b.
Infanticide
c.
Eldercide
d.
Pesticide
44. Psychological and emotional abuse that involves the spreading of smears, rumors, and private information in order to
harm his or her partner.
a.
Relational aggression
b.
Recreational aggression
c.
Acquaintance aggression
d.
Feticide
45. Some robbers target people they know, a phenomenon referred to as ______.
a.
acquaintance robbery
b.
bias robbery
c.
neighborhood heist
d.
relational aggression
46. Wright and Decker found that most armed robberies are motivated by a pressing need for ______.
a.
excitement
b.
power
c.
cash
d.
control
47. Most of these hate crime incidents were motivated by ______.
a.
sexual orientation
b.
ethnicity
c.
religion
d.
race
48. Frederick Lawrence argues that criminals motivated by bias deserve to be punished more severely than those who
commit identical crimes for other motives. Why is this so?
a.
Because bias crimes are more likely to be violent and result in serious physical injury to the victim
b.
Because bias crimes harm not only the victim but also the “target community”
c.
Because bias crimes violate the shared value of equality among citizens
d.
Bias crimes should be punished more severely for all these reasons
49. Workplace violence is the third leading cause of occupational injury or death. Who is the typical offender in incidents
of workplace violence?
a.
A middle-aged white male facing termination
b.
A middle-aged white female facing termination
c.
A middle-aged black female facing termination
d.
A middle-aged black male facing termination
50. ____________________ violence is violence that is designed not for profit or gain but to vent rage, anger, or
frustration.
51. The life instinct known as ___________________ drives people toward self-fulfillment and enjoyment.
52. ________________ is known as the death instinct, which impels on toward self-destruction.
53. A link between drugs and violence known as a _________________ link occurs when drug dealers turn violent in
their competition with rival gangs.
54. _________________ involves people who are in some form of courting relationship while a rape or sexual assault
occurs.
55. Suspected causes of rape include male socialization, hyper-masculinity, and __________________ determinism.
56. The belief that males must separate their sexual feelings from their need for love, respect, and affection is known as
______.
57. __________________ includes the killing of a person after premeditation and deliberation.
58. Homicide without malice is known as ______.
59. The murder of a senior citizen is referred to as _______.
60. _____________ involve the killing of four or more victims by one or a few assailants within a single event.
61. Violent acts directed toward a particular person or members of a group are known as _________________, and they
usually share a discernible racial, ethnic, religious, or gender characteristic.
62. Discuss the relationship between firearm availability and crime.
63. A number of causal factors contribute to violent crime. Identify and discuss those causal factors.
64. Rape is one of the most misunderstood and feared crimes. Identify and discuss the causal factors that explain why men
commit rape.
65. Discuss the importance of Mary Koss to the identification of the serious social problem of date rape.
66. Discuss the issues of consent and past sexual history as they pertain to rape cases and explain why these issues are
legally problematic.
67. Compare and contrast the key findings associated with intimate partner, acquaintance, and stranger murders.
68. There are different levels or degrees of homicide. Discuss these degrees, using examples from the chapter to illustrate
your discussion.
69. Compare and contrast serial murders and mass murders.
70. What are the main causes of spousal abuse, child abuse, and parental abuse? Compare and contrast these key terms.
71. Armed robbery is one category of robbery focused on in your text. What does research indicate about the nature of
armed robbery?
72. List and describe the nature and patterns of robbery. What is most surprising? Explain.
73. Hate or bias crimes are an emerging form of interpersonal violence. Discuss the categories of hate crime that exist
providing examples of each.
74. Compare and contrast the contemporary forms of interpersonal violence such as hate crimes, stalking, and workplace
violence. What similarities and differences are found? Explain.
