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Three-strike laws have garnered much criticism, especially after the life sentence imposed on a third-time felon for stealing a set of golf clubs. a. True b. False Which region of the United States has the highest rates of property crimes […]

The legal grounds that authorize wiretapping of any alien the government believes is amember of a foreign terrorist group or is an agent of foreign power is called: a. The Terrorist Exemption Act (TEA). b. The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act […]

In Florida v. Bostick, the court concluded that evidence seized during bus sweeps wasadmissible in court: a. Provided that probable cause was first established. b. Because the passengers in a bus fall under the same expectations as those in any […]

Which of the following searches falls outside of the plain touch doctrine? a. Feeling a gun through a jacket during a pat-down search b. Feeling a bag of marijuana in a pocket during a pat-down search for weapons c. Feeling […]

The current criminal justice system is not responsible for protecting the country from international and domesticterrorists. a. True b. False How do private police compare with public police? a. The primary focus of private police is enforcement of the criminal […]

Donald Clemmer’s book The Prison Community was one of the first to document the inmate social code and subculture. a. True b. False Annually about 70% of convicted felons are sentenced to some time in prison or jail. a. True […]

1. If, after conducting a preliminary investigation of the legal merits of a case, a prosecutor decides to take no further action, this is referred to as a charging warning. a. True b. False 2. Evidence-based programming does not have […]

d. Equal justice 56. Ethical issues surface in all parts of the justice system. Why are ethical standards so important in criminal justice? a. Agents of the criminal justice system have access to citizens’ most personal information, raising concerns of […]

1. Which is a sworn written statement addressed to a court or judge by the police, prosecutor, or individual alleging that an individual has committed an offense and requesting prosecution? a. Indictment b. Arraignment c. Complaint d. Warrant 2. Which […]

1. What was the most common state-administered punishment in early Greece and Roman civilizations? a. Mutilation b. Burning at the stake c. Banishment d. Death penalty 2. What event ended the transportation of prisoners from England to the United States? […]

1. As compared with jail and prison sentences for drug-related crimes, community-based drug programs have shown: a. More recidivism. b. Less recidivism. c. More violence among participants. d. No difference. ANSWER: b REFERENCES: The Concept of Probation LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ITCJ.SIWO.16.12.1 […]

1. The “no–frills” approach most likely resembles what correctional ideology? a. Restitution b. Rehabilitation c. Deterrence d. Work release 2. A correctional facility designed to hold pretrial detainees and misdemeanants serving their criminal sentence a. Jail b. Prison c. Boot […]

1. Although most prisons are classified as medium-security prisons, more than half of all inmates are held in ____________________ institutions. a. Minimum-security b. Maximum-security c. Super-maximum-security d. Drug rehabilitation 2. Which of the following is a type of regimented, dehumanizing […]

1. Which is the Latin term meaning “father of his country,” which is implied to mean that the government is the true guardian of the needy and infirmed children? a. Provisore cura b. Pater inquilinis c. Parens patriae d. Phylaca […]

1. According to the _______ view of crime, behaviors that become crimes are essentially harmful to a majority of citizens and therefore there is general agreement regarding which behaviors need to be controlled. a. Conflict b. Interactionist c. Consensus d. […]

1. According to the principles of choice theory, in order for punishment to most effectively deter crime, it must meet the following three conditions: a. Swift, satisfactory, and certain b. Severe, certain, and punitive c. Strict, sure, and swift d. […]

1. Substantive criminal law is primarily concerned with: a. Compensating the injured party for harm. b. Defining crimes and their punishment. c. Setting out the basic rules of practice in the criminal justice system. d. Dealing with the government and […]

1. Which arrangement in early English society required that every person in a village be responsible for protecting the settlement from thieves? a. The runner system b. Community policing c. The pledge system d. The watch system 2. The _____ […]

1. Most police agencies are organized in a(n) ______ manner. a. Cooperative and democratic b. Egalitarian c. Hierarchical d. Corporate and businesslike 2. How do most municipal police departments determine promotion eligibility? a. Time-in-rank b. Testing c. Arrest performance d. […]

1. According to research, which of the following is not a benefit associated with higher education for police officers? a. They behave more professionally. b. Fewer citizen complaints are generated. c. Crime-fighting ability is enhanced. d. They have greater self-confidence. […]

1. When the Supreme Court hears cases pertaining to search and seizures, they draw mainly on the ________Amendment. a. Fourth b. Fifth c. First d. Eighth 2. The Fourth Amendment specifically states that no warrants shall be issued but upon: […]

1. Discussions between defense counsel and prosecution in which the accused agrees to plead guilty in exchange for certain considerations, such as reduced changes, is referred to as: a. Plea bargaining. b. Imploration requesting. c. Declaration of entreaty. d. Intermediate […]

Which branch of government interprets existing laws and determines whether they meet constitutionalrequirements? a. Correctional b. Executive c. Judicial d. Legislative National data indicate that what percentage of probationers successfully complete their probationary sentences? a. 30 b. 53 c. 65 […]

The modern American correctional system is credited to whose work in Pennsylvania? a. James Q. Wilson b. William Penn c. Zebulon Brockway d. King Henry III CASE 11.2 In 2013, a 17-year-old white man named Jason is arrested for vandalism […]

The Metropolitan Police Act established the first organized police force in London. a. True b. False CASE 14.3 A South Carolina inmate serving a twenty-five-year sentence for second-degree murder was recently diagnosed as HIV-positive. He had argued for years that […]

CASE 7.2 Detective Smith is a fourteen-year police veteran who has been working in internal affairs for the past four years. He was assigned to internal affairs to investigate allegations of police misconduct and corruption. While working as a police […]

The ________, created in 1919, was a professional association funded by private contributions, which wasintegral in getting agencies of justice to work together and getting the work of the criminal justice systemrecognized. a. Wickersham Commission b. American Bar Foundation Commission […]

One of the largest and most well-known private probation programs is The Private Probation Services company in Missouri. a. True b. False In historical English law, sheriffs sometimes abused their power, leading Parliament to issued which statute in 1275, which […]

CASE 12.1 John Lewis is a 28-year-old married man with one child who was laid off from his job as a coal miner and was recently arrested for possession of drugs in rural West Virginia. His attorney made it known […]

An anonymous tip reporting illegal activity received via telephone, without furthercorroboration, is grounds for obtaining a search warrant. a. True b. False Mandatory sentencing laws have not garnered much support, as only fifteen states have replaced discretionary sentencing with mandatory […]

While police patrol has many objectives, most police experts agree that the majority of policepatrol efforts are devoted to: a. Crime fighting b. Order maintenance c. Responding to emergencies d. Deterring crime Which view of crime contends that there are […]

Which of the following are factors that may be assessed in determining the length of a sentence? a. The severity of the offense b. The motive of the crime c. The offender’s prior history d. All of the above In […]

Which of the following involves treating offenders who would normally have been sent to a secure treatment facility as part of a very small probation caseload that receives almost daily scrutiny? a. Juvenile intensive probation supervision b. Juvenile treatment plans […]

Once released from prison, the majority of offenders do not recidivate. a. True b. False Complex criminal conspiracies require cooperation of different criminal justice agencies. a. True b. False Answer: True Which is an initial court appearance, at which the […]

Florida’s Stand Your Ground law authorizes citizens to use __________ when they reasonably believe that their homes or vehicles have been illegally invaded. a. No force b. Equal force to the offender c. Reasonable force d. Deadly force The contemporary […]

Of the following property crimes, which is most likely to have the highest average bail set for felony arrests? a. Larceny b. Burglary c. Motor vehicle theft d. Fraud Under truth-in-sentencing schemes, an offender must serve how much of their […]

What is the process in which criminal behavior becomes embedded because antisocial behavior erodes social ties that encourage conformity and creates incentives to commit crime? a. Latent traits b. State organized c. State dependence d. Victim precipitation The landmark case […]

Individual state jurisdictions still control police shooting policy. a. True b. False AFIS is a (n): a. National database of DNA records. b. Computerized fingerprint system. c. Automated stolen vehicle database. d. Continually updating fugitive identification system. Answer: b About […]

Large numbers of English prisoners were transported to Australia following the American Revolution. a. True b. False In the late nineteenth century, police work was not desirable because it paid less than mostother blue-collar jobs. a. True b. False Answer: […]

A balanced, highly structured, comprehensive continuum of intervention for serious and violent juvenile offenders returning to the community is known as a(n): a. Intensive aftercare program. b. Intensive juvenile probation supervision. c. Jasper Aftercare Program. d. Deinstitutionalization programs. Under which […]

One argument with regard to higher crime rates in some regions of the country points to theinflux of immigrants. a. True b. False CASE 3.2 Warden Smith supervises 2000 male inmates who are incarcerated for various reasons, including murder, rape, […]

Any unoccupied or undeveloped real property outside the grounds attached to a home isreferred to as: a. Curtilage. b. Open field. c. Abandoned property. d. Private property. Minimum-security prisons have been criticized for being like country clubs, some with tennis […]

Which is the correct hierarchical order of law enforcement agencies? a. Federal, county, state, metropolitan b. Federal, state, county, metropolitan c. Federal, state, metropolitan, county d. Federal, metropolitan, state, county Restorative justice is aimed at bringing all members of the […]

Which of the following was not an innovation advocated by Zebulon Brockway? a. Indeterminate sentencing b. Parole c. Corporal punishment d. Individual treatment Which landmark U.S. Supreme Court case held that juveniles have the same right to due process at […]

CASE 3.2 Warden Smith supervises 2000 male inmates who are incarcerated for various reasons, including murder, rape, robbery, drugs, theft, and arson. He meets with every inmate who is sentenced to his prison to get an understanding of where each […]

One problem with the data in the FBI’s UCR is the fact that people often lie on self-reports. a. True b. False The nature and definition of due process remains unchanged across historical time periods. a. True b. False Answer: […]