A balanced, highly structured, comprehensive continuum of intervention for serious and
violent juvenile offenders returning to the community is known as a(n):
a. Intensive aftercare program.
b. Intensive juvenile probation supervision.
c. Jasper Aftercare Program.
d. Deinstitutionalization programs.
Under which of the following systems did officials sell the labor of inmates to private
organizations for use inside or outside the prison?
a. Convict-lease
b. Public account
c. Contract
d. Auburn
Mala in se crimes are statutory crimes that reflect existing social conditions.
a. True
b. False
In which case did the Court reaffirm the legitimacy of its jurisdiction over state court
decisions when such courts handled issues of federal or constitutional law?
a. Martin v. Hunter’s Lessee (1816)
b. Georgia Diagnostic v. Davis (1901)
c. Burgoyne v. Butler (2002)
d. Plessy v. Ferguson (1872)
The main goal of restitution is to:
a. Pay back the victim.
b. Specifically deter the criminal.
c. Create smaller caseloads.
d. Shock the inmate.
The concept of incarcerating convicted offenders for long periods of time has been the
norm since the fourteenth century.
a. True
b. False
Alexander Maconochie is most known for his work with prison reform in the area of
transportation of inmates from England.
a. True
b. False
When may a criminal statute no longer be enforceable?
a. When the president declares them unconstitutional
b. When an appellate judge rules that it is vague or is an unfair exercise of state control
over an individual
c. When the police rule that the acts are no longer of interest to the public
d. When the people declare them unconstitutional
Community-oriented policing links police effectiveness to:
a. Efficient utilization of existing personnel.
b. Interrelationships between cooperative police agencies.
c. Optimized usage of advanced technology.
d. Productive interaction with the community being served.
Which of the following would be handled by the U.S. District Courts?
a. Review of a state appellate court case on substantive issues
b. Review of a federal appellate court case on substantive issues
c. Civil rights abuse
d. Cases involving military personnel or veterans’ appeals
Which justice perspective would advocate diversion programs or mediation programs
for juvenile offenders?
a. Rehabilitation
b. Due process
c. Equal justice
d. Crime control
Which of the following is not a program or policy to try to improve patrol
effectiveness?
a. Aggressive patrol
b. Decrease the number of arrests
c. Rapid response
d. Targeting of specific crimes
Which is not one of the six core beliefs at the heart of the police culture?
a. Loyalty to colleagues counts above all else.
b. The war against crime cannot be won without bending the rules.
c. No one else understands the nature of police work.
d. Patrol work gives officers the chance to be heroes in the eyes of the public.
CASE 4.2
Adam is a 16-year-old who has a history of strange behavior. He is now being
homeschooled by his mother because he has a difficult time relating to his peers.
His psychologist has diagnosed him with bipolar disorder. One afternoon, Adam
goes to the high school that he once attended. He brings his father’s revolver and
attempts to shoot a few of his former classmates and a teacher. He misses all of his
targets and flees the school. He is later apprehended in his home when the
principal is able to identify him through the school’s video surveillance.
In the jurisdiction where Adam is being charged with attempted murder, they use the
Irresistible Impulse test in determining insanity. What are the requirements of the
Irresistible Impulse test?
a. The defendant could not tell “right from wrong.”
b. The defendant did know that his actions were illegal, but because of a mental
impairment, he couldn”t control his behavior.
c. The unlawful act was the product of mental illness.
d. There is a lack of substantial capacity to control one’s behavior.
A common practice found often in female prisons but not as often in male prisons is the
process of self-mutilation known as:
a. Cutting.
b. Carving.
c. Sculpting.
d. Slicing.
Which of the following is false about the grand jury?
a. It was created in twelfth-century England.
b. Every state uses the grand jury system.
c. It is composed of between 12 and 23 persons.
d. It can protect citizens from false prosecution.
Which of the following is not considered an element of procedural law?
a. The right to remain silent
b. Laws prohibiting search and seizure
c. The self-defense doctrine
d. Laws limiting bail amounts
Which type of new-generation jail contains a cluster of cells surrounding a living area
or pod with a officers station located within this pod?
a. Direct-supervision jails
b. Explicit-supervision jails
c. Ancillary-supervision jails
d. Indirect-supervision jails
According to which theory does rioting and other forms of collective violence occur in
response to poor quality management styles?
a. Administrative-control theory
b. Inmate-balance theory
c. Prison overcrowding theory
d. Inmate deterrence perspective
In 1961, the courts made the exclusionary rule applicable to the state courts in
thelandmark decision of Mapp v. Ohio.
a. True
b. False
Under critical criminal justice, the criminal justice system is viewed as a means of
controlling the poor.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is not one of the three factors linked to predatory crime rates in
routine activities theory?
a. Supply of motivated offenders
b. Supply of suitable targets
c. Absence of effective guardians for protection
d. Extent of relative social deprivation
The term racial profiling has been coined to describe the racial influence over police
discretion and has been found in a number of state and local studies of law
enforcement.
a. True
b. False
Detective Jones is investigating a murder. As a seasoned investigator, Jones uses the
threeprongedapproach to solving cases. At the onset of his investigation, Jones visits the
crime scene,interviews witnesses, and collects evidence. This is known as what?
a. Informative data gathering
b. Specific focus
c. Intelligence gathering
d. General coverage
Facial recognition software is an example of hard technology used by law enforcement.
a. True
b. False
Jerry is a police officer. While on patrol he has numerous encounters with citizens daily.
One night, Jerry is doing traffic enforcement. Throughout the course of the evening,
Jerry gives speeding citations to some drivers and verbal warnings to others. Then, as
his shift is winding down, Jerry spots a car driving erratically. He pulls it over and
determines that the driver is intoxicated. Jerry decides to arrest the driver. Jerry’s
decisions that night to give some offenders warnings, give some tickets, and arrest one
is an example of which type of discretionary factor?
a. Crime factor
b. Victim factor
c. Environmental factor
d. Departmental factor
CASE 2.1
Your local police department is concerned with this year’s most recent crime
statistics. The police chief meets with city officials and his higher-ranking police
personnel. They meet to discuss potential policies and procedures in order to
reduce the crime rates in their city.
One improvement that pleases the police chief is that over 45% of all of the cities’ Part I
crimeshave resulted in arrest. When an offender is arrested and charged with a crime the
offense isconsidered:
a. Adjudicated.
b. Cleared.
c. Disposed.
d. Finished.
Customs and Border Patrol (CBP) and Immigrations and Customs Enforcement (ICE)
arebranches of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS).
a. True
b. False
The nonintervention perspective believes there is a stigma that locks people into a
criminal way of life.
a. True
b. False
The most important provision of which 1996 act was the requirement of prisoners to
exhaust all internal administrative grievance procedures before they can file a civil
rights case in federal court?
a. Prison Litigation Reform Act
b. Prisoner Rights Act
c. Civil Liberties Reform Act
d. Percy Amendment
A sentencing target of eight to twenty years in prison is an example of a determinate
sentence.
a. True
b. False
In Colorado v. Spring (1987) the court ruled that suspects need not be aware of allthe
possible outcomes of waiving their rights for the Miranda warning to be considered
properlygiven.
a. True
b. False
The Patriot Act extends authority to the FBI to monitor telephone and Internet contacts
without the need to demonstrate that they were being used by a suspect or were a target
of a court order.
a. True
b. False
CASE 9.2
Assume that the United States is on the verge of passing mass immigration reform
laws that mandate the granting of immediate citizenship to all illegal aliens, of any
nationality, at the start of the new year. The legality of the case was heard in
federal court and is now in the hands of the Supreme Court. Given this
information, answer the following questions.
In order for the Supreme Court to hear the case, it must first request a record of the
inferior court be brought forth in a process called:
a. A writ of certiorari.
b. A habeas corpus.
c. Male in se document.
d. Dissenting opinion.
A _____________________ is a correctional facility designed to hold pretrial detainees
and misdemeanants serving their criminal sentences.
_________________________ due process refers to a citizen’s rights to be protected
from biased, discriminatory, or unfair criminal laws.
A ____________________ is a broad category of criminal defenses claiming that a
criminal act occurred but that it was reasonable under the circumstances.
Juvenile __________________ is classified as illegal behavior engaged in by a minor
under a statutory age limit.
Suppose a public park has experienced numerous police calls for service because of
teenagers “hanging out” in the park, drinking, using drugs, and destroying property. The
offenders have created holes in the fencing so they can access the park after hours. They
also congregate in areas with thick shrubbery that inhibits observation. Using concepts
from situational crime prevention, explain some ways that the park design could be
improved or altered to deter this behavior.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Explain some of the benefits and pitfalls in using information obtained from informants
toprocure search warrants.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Describe the main components of the contemporary criminal justice system.
Answer:Answers will vary.
A primary goal of Charles Loring Brace’s __________________________ was the
relocation of troubled inner city youths to more rural parts of the country to work on
farms.
Define plea bargain, then fully explain the procedures a judge must follow when
accepting a plea of guilty.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Murder, _________, robbery, burglary, larceny, motor vehicle theft, arson, and
aggravatedassault make up the FBI’s Part I crimes.
Discuss the problems associated with adult correctional system. In your discussion,
examine the growth of the prison population, the forms of incarceration used, and
where most prisoners are housed.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Judicial decision making is said to be influenced by many factors. List the three main
categories in which judicial decision making is influenced, and provide at least one
example for each.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Discuss the plain view doctrine and provide three original examples of a
lawfulwarrantless search that falls under this doctrine.
Answer:Answers will vary.
A group of punishments known as ______________________ fall between probation
and prison and involve community-based sanctions such as house arrest and intensive
supervision.
Briefly explain how the weather is thought to influence violent and property offenses.
Answer:Answers will vary.
As an attorney, the defense attorney is obligated to uphold the Model Rules of
_________________ in the defense of a client.
A short-term, militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive
physical conditioning and discipline is called a ______________________.