CASE 12.1
John Lewis is a 28-year-old married man with one child who was laid off from his
job as a coal miner and was recently arrested for possession of drugs in rural West
Virginia. His attorney made it known during the court process that Mr. Lewis’s
arrest for prescription pain drugs without a valid prescription stemmed from an
injury he sustained years ago on the job. Given this information, answer the follow
questions:
While on probation, Mr. Lewis confides in his probation officer that he has illegally
purchased pain medications from a neighbor. The probation officer reports this to
police. If taken to trial, the actions of the probation will be upheld because of the
findings in the case of:
a. Burger v. Wisconsin.
b. Minnesota v. Murphy.
c. Upshaw v. Zabriskie.
d. Sancomb v. Crutchfield.
The “no-frills” approach most likely resembles what correctional ideology?
a. Restitution
b. Rehabilitation
c. Deterrence
d. Work release
The Pennsylvania system eventually won out over the Auburn system of penitentiaries.
a. True
b. False
Which term is used to describe an officer who will use any means to get the culprit,
even if it involves planting evidence on an obviously guilty person who so far has
escaped arrest?
a. Thin-blue-line problem
b. Dirty Harry problem
c. Rambo problem
d. CSI problem
Which of the following is not a purpose of jails?
a. Detain accused offenders awaiting trial who cannot afford bail
b. Temporary holding of convicted offenders awaiting sentencing
c. Long-term incarceration of violent offenders
d. Holding of probationers and parolees picked up for violations
CASE 12.3
Robert Land is arrested for driving under the influence following a celebration of
his brother’s election as mayor of a small town in South Carolina. Robert has no
prior arrests and is 24 years old. Given this information, answer the following
questions:
The prosecutor in Mr. Land’s case asked the judge if Robert could be given which form
of intermediate sanction that requires the convicted offender to spend a designated
amount of time per week in his home to reduce temptations of drinking?
a. Electronic supervision
b. House arrest
c. Community supervision
d. Intensive supervision
If a police officer shoots an armed suspect, which defense is the most appropriate to
use?
a. Duress
b. Necessity
c. Law enforcement
d. Entrapment
Altogether, about 90% of state trial judges will face elections of some type during their
tenure on the bench.
a. True
b. False
Which branch of government defines the law by determining what conduct is prohibited
and establishes criminalpenalties for those who violate the law?
a. Judicial
b. Correctional
c. Executive
d. Legislative
The majority of a police officer’s time is spent handling minor disturbances, service
calls,and performing administrative tasks.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is not a consideration with regard to whether or not a juvenile
apprehended in the act of committing a crime is referred to juvenile court?
a. Offense seriousness
b. The child’s past contacts with the police
c. Cooperation
d. Probable cause.
Which state created the first parole agency in 1884?
a. Ohio
b. West Virginia
c. Illinois
d. Virginia
Federal District Courts hear cases in which one state sues another.
a. True
b. False
In a classic study, Petersilia et al. found that 65% of convicted felon probationers were
not rearrested.
a. True
b. False
CASE 2.2
Mr. and Mrs. Jones receive a survey that asks them for information about crimes
of which they have been victims. They are asked a series of questions to assess
whether they individually have been victims of crime but also whether their
household has been victimized.
About what crime would they not be questioned?
a. Aggravated assault
b. Burglary
c. Murder
d. Sexual assault
A positive sign for crime rates in the United States is that between 1990 and 2008 the
prison population decreased by almost 15%.
a. True
b. False
During their investigation of the murder of Carl’s wife, the police conduct a search of
Carl’s home without first procuring a warrant. Carl asserts that the police search was
unlawful and a violation of which type of law?
a. Substantive criminal law
b. Procedural criminal law
c. Civil law
d. Public law
The requirement that a search warrant state precisely where the search is to take place
andwhat items are to be seized is referred to as the:
a. In-presence requirement.
b. Probable cause requirement.
c. Particularity requirement.
d. Neutral and detached requirement.
The concept of incarcerating convicted offenders for long periods of time as a
punishment became norm in corrections during which century?
a. Seventeenth
b. Eighteenth
c. Nineteenth
d. Twentieth
The NIBRS includes all the offenses that occur in an incident, rather than only the most
seriousoffense.
a. True
b. False
Officer Davis learns from an informant that a bank robbery suspect is hiding outin a
local motel. Davis decides to go investigate and apprehend the suspect. Time is of the
essenceand Davis does not get a warrant. By what phrase is this known?
a. Hot pursuit
b. Threat to evidence
c. Threat to others
d. Danger of escape
CASE 2.2
Mr. and Mrs. Jones receive a survey that asks them for information about crimes
of which they have been victims. They are asked a series of questions to assess
whether they individually have been victims of crime but also whether their
household has been victimized.
What would be a weakness in the results of the survey being completed by Mr. and
Mrs. Jones?
a. It does not include crimes not reported to the police.
b. It relies on the honesty of the offenders.
c. It relies on victim’s memory and honesty.
d. It uses crime data only for victims over the age of 21.
The role of police officers involves primarily the first four stages of the formal criminal
justice procedures. Inorder, what are these steps?
a. Initial contact, investigation, arrest, custody
b. Initial contact, arrest, charging, custody
c. Initial contact, investigation, arrest, charging
d. Initial contact, arrest, investigation, charging
Which of the following crimes would be placed in the top layer (Layer I) of the
criminal justice “wedding cake”?
a. A first-time offender assaults a friend.
b. A burglary occurs at a local bar.
c. An individual is arrested for public drunkenness.
d. A noted celebrity is arrested for shooting her bodyguard.
Criminal negligence is a form of:
a. Stare decisis.
b. Mala in se.
c. Mens rea.
d. Actus reus.
CASE 3.1
Mary and Louise are both 15 years old. Each was arrested and charged with
stealing a vehicle. Mary stole a car from the teacher’s parking lot at her school.
Louise stole her neighbor’s car when she decided that she wanted to drive to her
boyfriend. They both meet with Mr. Brown, a juvenile probation officer, who is to
recommend whether or not they should be detained in a juvenile detention center
prior to the disposition of their cases.
Louise also explains that she was diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder.She cannot
remember the name of the disorder.Mr. Brown is waiting for her case file to see her
diagnosis.Which of the following psychiatric disorders is Louise unlikely to have?
a. Oppositional defiant disorder
b. Conduct disorder
c. Alexithymia
d. Strain disorder
CASE 13.2
Three brothers are arrested over a seven-year period for three different crimes.
The oldest brother, James, was arrested for second-degree murder and was
sentenced to twenty years in prison. John, the second brother, was arrested for
drug possession and was sentenced to thirteen months in prison. Jason, the
youngest, was arrested for grand larceny and is currently serving four to seven
years in prison. Given this information, answer the following questions.
Jason would most likely serve his time in a:
a. Minimum-security prison.
b. Medium-security prison.
c. Maximum-security prison.
d. Super-maximum-security prison.
Which of the following is true of plain view search and seizure?
a. It may be based on reasonable suspicion.
b. It must be based on probable cause.
c. It is permissible only under the authority of a search warrant or arrest warrant.
d. There are no restrictions on plain view search and seizures.
The first private prison was opened in 1986 in which state?
a. Tennessee
b. New Mexico
c. Ohio
d. Kentucky
One of the most important sources of self-report data is the _____ study, conducted
annuallyusing approximately 2,500 high school seniors.
a. Monitoring the Future
b. Juvenile Arrest
c. National Center for Information about Crime
d. Juvenile Social Survey
The ___________________________ established the a federal office on delinquency
prevention and was enacted to identify the needs of youth and to fund programs aimed
at deterring juvenile crime.
a. Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974
b. Juvenile Justice Recognition Act of 1977
c. Delinquency Prevention and Rehabilitation Act of 1969
d. Youth Offender and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1979
White female police officers are more likely to perceive sexual discrimination than
African American female police officers.
a. True
b. False
The first step toward prison reform began in Cincinnati in 1870 at the:
a. National Prison Reform Council
b. Cincinnati Prison Reform Doctrine
c. National Congress of Penitentiary and Reformatory Discipline
d. Federal Penitentiary Reform Regulatory Council
Ethical issues surface in all parts of the justice system. Why are ethical standards so
important in criminal justice?
a. Agents of the criminal justice system have access to citizens’ most personal
information, raising concernsof privacy and confidentiality.
b. Justice system personnel may work in an environment where moral ambiguity is
widespread.
c. Without ethical decision making, it is possible that individual civil rights and liberties
would suffer.
d. Ethical standards are important in the justice system for all these reasons.
The working personalities adopted by police officers that can range from being a social
worker in blue to being a hard-charging crime fighter are known as ___________.
The ____________________ Amendment was the basis of the Supreme Court’s
Miranda decision.
The four main levels of law enforcement in the United States are
____________,_____________, _______________, and __________.
Define what is meant by a search warrant and what is meant by an arrest warrantand
discuss the primary differences between the two.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Why do some experts believe that crime is rational?
Answer:Answers will vary.
Under ___________________ programs, offenders are free to go to work and school
during the day but must return to the center at night.
The ___________________________ is the principle that in order to make an arrest in
a misdemeanor, the arrestingofficer must have personally witnessed the crime being
committed.
____________________ is another term for the order-maintenance function ofpolice.
The primary purpose of juvenile proceedings is _______________________ as
opposed to punishment.
Explain the differences in offending patterns between youths and the elderly. What
differences exist and what are some of the possible explanation for these differences?
Answer:Answers will vary.
Most departments promote police personnel according to the____________________
system.
____________________ gained national attention during the O.J. Simpson trial; it
allowssuspects to be identified on the basis of the genetic material found in hair, blood,
and otherbodily tissues and fluids.
_________________ is the slang term for an inmate who turns to the guards for help.
The goal of the______________________perspective is to enable the offender to
appreciate the damage caused tosociety and to the victim, to make amends, and to be
reintegrated into the community.
Under what conditions can an automobile be searched?
Answer:Answers will vary.
Define the roles of prosecutors and defense attorneys. What are their main differences
and similarities, and how do ethics and morals impact each position
Answer:Answers will vary.
There is no right to counsel under ____________ lineups.