Unlock document.
This document is partially blurred.
Unlock all pages and 1 million more documents.
Get Access
1. If, after conducting a preliminary investigation of the legal merits of a case, a prosecutor decides to take no further
action, this is referred to as a charging warning.
a.
True
b.
False
2. Evidence-based programming does not have to consider intervening factors.
a.
True
b.
False
3. Cost-effectiveness is one of the unifying principles of evidence-based justice efforts.
a.
True
b.
False
4. Most criminal cases are processed through the entire formal justice system.
a.
True
b.
False
5. An officer’s initial contact with an individual is considered part of the informal criminal justice process.
a.
True
b.
False
6. Less serious felonies make up the bottom layer of the criminal justice system wedding cake.
a.
True
b.
False
7. The crime control perspective views the justice system as a means of caring for and treating people who cannot manage
themselves.
a.
True
b.
False
8. The equal justice perspective advocates that judges consider extralegal factors in sentencing.
a.
True
b.
False
9. During the past decade, the crime control and equal justice perspectives have dominated in criminal justice.
a.
True
b.
False
10. Ethical behavior is particularly important in law enforcement because police officers have the authority to
deprive people of their liberty, and use physical, and even deadly force.
a.
True
b.
False
11. The only professionals in the criminal justice system that should be concerned with ethical behavior are
police officers.
a.
True
b.
False
12. Correctional officers have significant coercive power over offenders.
a.
True
b.
False
13. If a lawyer assists their client in engaging in illegal behavior, they are not subject to criminal charges because of their
attorney–client privilege.
a.
True
b.
False
14. The nonintervention perspective believes there is a stigma that locks people into a criminal way of life.
a.
True
b.
False
15. The crime control perspective believes that too many suspects go free because of legal technicalities.
a.
True
b.
False
16. The media tends to focus on Level IV cases of the wedding cake model of justice.
a.
True
b.
False
17. Most cases that go to trial result in a conviction.
a.
True
b.
False
18. The Miranda warnings must be read to all suspects arrested by law enforcement.
a.
True
b.
False
19. The level of government that collectively spends the most on justice expenditures are local agencies.
a.
True
b.
False
20. The current criminal justice system is not responsible for protecting the country from international and
domestic terrorists.
a.
True
b.
False
21. Complex criminal conspiracies require cooperation of different criminal justice agencies.
a.
True
b.
False
22. The crime rate was much higher 100 years ago than it is today.
a.
True
b.
False
23. After an arrest, the suspect can be detained.
a.
True
b.
False
24. In order to make an arrest for a felony, the police officer must have personally witnessed the crime being committed.
a.
True
b.
False
25. The criminal justice process is slowed by congestion and limited resources.
a.
True
b.
False
26. The O.J. Simpson case would be considered a Level IV case in the wedding cake model of justice.
a.
True
b.
False
27. According to the wedding cake model of justice, the typical penalty for Level IV cases is small.
a.
True
b.
False
28. Which statement is accurate concerning crime in a historical context in the United States?
a.
In a historical sense, crime peaked during Civil War times and has been diminishing since that era.
b.
The Old West was the only area where gang activity flourished after the Civil War.
c.
Crime and violence did not exist when the nation was first formed and are recent social problems.
d.
Crime and violence have been common since the nation was first formed and are not recent social problems.
29. The , created in 1919, was a professional association funded by private contributions, which was integral in getting
agencies of justice to work together and getting the work of the criminal justice system recognized.
a.
Wickersham Commission
b.
American Bar Foundation Commission
c.
Chicago Crime Commission
d.
President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice
30. Who sponsored the research in the 1950s that revealed that the criminal justice system was composed of agencies that
could be connected in an intricate network of decision-making processes?
a.
American Bar Foundation project
b.
President’s Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice
c.
Chicago Crime Commission
d.
Wickersham Commission
31. What are the three main components into which the contemporary criminal justice system is generally divided?
a.
Law enforcement, the correctional system, and the legislature
b.
Law enforcement, the courts, and the correctional system
c.
Law enforcement, the courts, and the legislature
d.
The courts, the correctional system, and the legislature
32. Because some individuals are so dangerous that they must be outlawed outright or regulated, the
contemporary criminal justice society uses the instrument known as:
a.
Social Control.
b.
Social Report.
c.
Social Adjustment.
d.
Social Media.
33. The criminal justice system is vast, employing more than 2.4 million people and costing federal, state, and local
governments about per year, up more than 300% since 1982.
a.
$100 million
b.
$100 billion
c.
$200 billion
d.
$200 million
34. Which of the following is false about corrections in the United States?
a.
Though crime has declined for most of the past decade, the correctional population continues to grow.
b.
Approximately 1.5 million juveniles are handled in juvenile courts each year.
c.
The federal correctional budget is larger than state governments’ correctional budgets.
d.
More than 7 million people are under some form of correctional supervision.
35. Which of the following is an extralegal factor?
a.
The age of the offender
b.
The available evidence surrounding the offense
c.
The suspect’s prior record
d.
The seriousness of the charge
36. Which of the following is false regarding law enforcement personnel?
a.
There are over 2 million individuals employed by a law enforcement agency.
b.
In law enforcement alone, the majority of the employees have general arrest powers.
c.
State police agencies employ the least amount of officers nationwide.
d.
Most police officers in the United States work for a local agency.
37. Following formal procedure, which step comes first in the criminal justice process?
a.
Charging
b.
Plea bargain
c.
Post release
d.
Preliminary hearing
38. The role of police officers involves primarily the first four stages of the formal criminal justice procedures. In order,
what are these steps?
a.
Initial contact, investigation, arrest, custody
b.
Initial contact, arrest, charging, custody
c.
Initial contact, investigation, arrest, charging
d.
Initial contact, arrest, investigation, charging
39. When police want to interrogate or question a suspect, the officer must first advise the suspect of his/her rights. This is
called a (n):
a.
Information advisement.
b.
Charging warning.
c.
Miranda warning.
d.
Questioning after advisement.
40. Which of the following is false about the grand jury?
a.
It was created in twelfth-century England.
b.
Every state uses the grand jury system.
c.
It is composed of between 12 and 23 persons.
d.
It can protect citizens from false prosecution.
41. At what stage of the formal criminal justice process does the defendant enter a plea of guilty or not guilty?
a.
Arraignment
b.
Criminal trial
c.
Bail hearing
d.
Preliminary hearing
42. Who is not a part of the courtroom work group?
a.
Judge
b.
Defense attorney
c.
Prosecutor
d.
Bail bondsman
43. Which of the following crimes would be placed in the top layer (Layer I) of the criminal justice “wedding cake”?
a.
A first-time offender assaults a friend.
b.
A burglary occurs at a local bar.
c.
An individual is arrested for public drunkenness.
d.
A noted celebrity is arrested for shooting her bodyguard.
44. Which of the following is false regarding Herbert Packer’s notion of the criminal justice process as an assemblyline?
a.
Criminal justice is seen as a screening process where each stage is a decision point.
b.
Most people who commit a crime are punished for it.
c.
The criminal justice system suffers from congestion.
d.
Each of these decisions can have a critical impact on the defendant, the justice system, and society.
45. Offenders at Level of the “wedding cake” model of criminal justice have typically committed a seriousoffense and
will receive a prison term; however, they will not garner much media attention.
a.
IV
b.
I
c.
II
d.
III
46. Which justice perspective holds that the proper role of the justice system is to prevent crime through the judicious use
of criminal sanctions and demands an efficient system that hands out tough sanctions to those who violate the law?
a.
Crime control
b.
Equal justice
c.
Rehabilitation
d.
Due process
47. The perspective sees the justice system as a mechanism of caring for and treating people who cannot manage
themselves, and assumes that people are at the mercy of social, economic, and interpersonal conditions.
a.
Equal justice
b.
Crime control
c.
Rehabilitation
d.
Due process
48. Between 1976 and 1999, 566 people were executed in the United States and 82 individuals awaiting execution were
exonerated. This is a ratio of 1 individual freed for every 7 individuals executed. Such serious errors in the criminal justice
system are of concern to advocates of the perspective.
a.
Due process
b.
Rehabilitation
c.
Justice
d.
Crime control
49. If you believe in the concept of “just deserts,” which justice perspective do you favor?
a.
Rehabilitation
b.
Restorative justice
c.
Equal justice
d.
Due process
50. If you were concerned about the potentially stigmatizing effect of community notification laws on sexual offenders,
you would be part of the perspective.
a.
Restorative justice
b.
Equal justice
c.
Rehabilitation
d.
Nonintervention
51. Truth-in-sentencing laws are an aspect of which justice system perspective?
a.
Rehabilitation
b.
Crime control
c.
Due process
d.
Equal justice
52. Which of the following justice perspectives holds that the true purpose of the criminal justice system is to promote a
peaceful and just society?
a.
Equal justice
b.
Rehabilitation
c.
Restorative justice
d.
Nonintervention
53. Which justice perspective would advocate diversion programs or mediation programs for juvenile offenders?
a.
Rehabilitation
b.
Due process
c.
Equal justice
d.
Crime control
54. Advocates of which justice perspective would advocate for the decriminalization of marijuana?
a.
Rehabilitation
b.
Nonintervention
c.
Equal justice
d.
Crime control
55. Which justice perspective views crime as a community-level problem?
a.
Rehabilitation
b.
Restorative justice
c.
Crime control
