In Florida v. Bostick, the court concluded that evidence seized during bus sweeps
wasadmissible in court:
a. Provided that probable cause was first established.
b. Because the passengers in a bus fall under the same expectations as those in any
motorvehicle, as established in Maryland v. Wilson.
c. Because a bus may be considered a public place where no expectations of
privacyexist.
d. Provided that consent was given by the person whose belongings were searched.
Which of the following is not a problem associated with the National Crime
VictimizationSurvey (NCVS)?
a. Overreporting due to victim’s misrepresentation of events
b. Incomplete acts lumped together with completed acts
c. Underreporting stemming from the embarrassment of reporting crime
d. Sampling errors that produce a group of respondents who do not represent the nation
as awhole
An advantage of hiring civilians to work in police departments is that they are often
paidless than police officers.
a. True
b. False
CASE 7.1
Anthony is a new police recruit who just graduated from the police academy and
has been hired by a large metropolitan police department in Florida. He reports to
work for his first shift and is assigned a field training officer, Jeffrey. Anthony is
excited to begin his work as a police officer, as this is something he has wanted
since he was a child. During Anthony’s first shift he meets many of his fellow
police officers. He is given a lot of different advice by these different officers. He
quickly learns that there are different policing styles.
Harold explains to Anthony that their focus as police officers should be the victim and
that effective police work is the only way that the “dangerous classes” can be kept in
check. What style of policing does Harold follow?
a. Crime fighter
b. Law enforcer
c. Social agent
d. Watchman
CASE 2.3
Mary, a student at a community college in New York, is in the United States on a
student visa that allows her to remain in the United States until she obtains her
master’s degree in biology. She is considering returning to her home country
because she is concerned with the increase in crime at her college and in the
surrounding area. Mary attempts to find information on the crime rates in her
hometown to compare to those in the city where she currently attends college.
After doing research on U.S. crime rates over the past few years, Mary is surprised to
learn that:
a. Over the past two decades, violent crimes have been increasing significantly, but
propertycrimes have been decreasing.
b. Over the past two decades, property crimes have been increasing significantly, but
violentcrimes have been decreasing.
c. Over the past two decades, both violent and property crimes have been
increasingsignificantly.
d. Over the past two decades, both violent and property crimes have been
decreasingsignificantly.
If you believe in the concept of “just deserts,” which justice perspective do you favor?
a. Rehabilitation
b. Restorative justice
c. Equal justice
d. Due process
CASE 10.2
Chad Faulstick, a construction worker from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, is arrested
for the premeditated murder of his wife, Charity. Charity, a school teacher in
Pittsburgh, was found dead and buried in woods approximately three miles from
her house two weeks after she was reported missing by her parents. Given this
information, answer the following questions.
Having presented its case against Mr. Faulstick, the prosecution rests. Concerned that
the state has not proved the charge against the defendant beyond a reasonable doubt,
Mr. Faulstick’s attorney enters a motion for what?
a. Cross-examination
b. Direct verdict
c. Exculpatory clause
d. Rebuttal verdict
Which concept of policing aims to treat citizens with dignity and respect?
a. Procedural justice
b. Broken windows
c. Community policing
d. Intelligence-led policing
Crime fighting is a major part of the daily routine of patrol officers.
a. True
b. False
CASE 8.2
Jackson Joseph, age 18, and his cousin Noah, age 20, are standing near a
convenient store in downtown Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Officer Brooklyn, a
twenty-two-year veteran notices the pair loitering around the store and avoiding
eye contact with anybody entering and exiting the store. After witnessing these
actions for nearly forty-five minutes, Officer Brooklyn moves in to questions the
suspects. Answer the following questions based on the scenario above.
If Officer Brooklyn, after arresting the suspects, searches the vehicle of thesuspects this:
a. Is allowed because the search was incident to an arrest.
b. Is illegal based on the fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine.
c. Is permissible because of probable cause requirements.
d. Is illegal based on the ruling in Weeks v. United States.
According to critical criminologists, which behavior is the biggest problem?
a. Burglary
b. Racism
c. Rape
d. Robbery
Which type of intelligence includes gaining or developing information related to threats
ofterrorism or crime and using this information to apprehend offenders, harden targets,
and usestrategies that will eliminate or mitigate the threat.
a. Unified intelligence
b. Strategic intelligence
c. Actuarial intelligence
d. Tactical intelligence
Evidence-based programming does not have to consider intervening factors.
a. True
b. False
Reducing recidivism is the primary goal of a specific deterrence model.
a. True
b. False
In the case of Baze v. Rees, the Supreme Court ruled that lethal injections did violate the
Eighth Amendment protection against cruel and unusual punishment, hence putting a
moratorium on the death penalty for more than eight years during the 1970s.
In the case of Baze v. Rees, the Supreme Court ruled that lethal injections did violate the
Eighth Amendment protection against cruel and unusual punishment, hence putting a
moratorium on the death penalty for more than eight years during the 1970s
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is not true about inmate populations?
a. African Americans are six times as likely as whites to be held in custody
b. Hispanics are two times as likely as whites to be held in custody
c. Juvenile populations are on the rise for the first time since 1994; they now make up
29% of the total prison population.
d. Women still make up less than 10% of the prison population.
Which of the following is false about biometrics?
a. Biometric authenticators are unique to the user and as a result cannot be stolen and
usedwithout that individual’s knowledge.
b. Biometrics involves automated methods of recognizing a person based on their
fingerprintcharacteristics.
c. Biometrics can be used at all levels of government and in private businesses.
d. Casinos have started to implement biometrics to recognize when known cheaters
entertheir premises.
Under the Riverside County v. McLaughlin ruling, how long can a person be
detainedwithout a court hearing?
a. 24 hours
b. 48 hours
c. 72 hours
d. As long as necessary
In 1974, Congress passed the ______________________, which provides funds to
states to bolster their services for maltreated children and their parents.
a. Juvenile Justice Reformation Act
b. Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act
c. No Child Left Behind Act
d. Child Neglect and Maltreatment Act
Studies have found that foot patrols are effective at reducing crime.
a. True
b. False
A state or federal court that has jurisdictions over felonies is referred to as a:
a. Court of limited jurisdiction
b. Court of federal jurisdiction
c. Court of general jurisdiction
d. Court of appeals
If a lawyer assists their client in engaging in illegal behavior, they are not subject to
criminal charges because oftheir attorney”client privilege.
a. True
b. False
Federal courts have not found it necessary to rule on the issue of a juvenile’s right to
bail.
a. True
b. False
The common-law practice that allowed judges to suspend punishment so that convicted
offenders could seek a pardon or demonstrate that they had reformed their behavior was
known as:
a. Recognizance.
b. Judicial reprieve.
c. Judicial waiver.
d. Revocation.
The actual discretionary decision to grant parole is made at a parole-granting hearing.
a. True
b. False
The ruling that a suspect’s age factors into the Miranda custody analysis was
establishedin which court case because children may confess to crimes they did not
commit at higherrates than adults.
a. Mary Reed v. The State of West Virginia
b. J.D.B. v. North Carolina
c. Jessica Taylor v. South Carolina
d. Berghuis v. Tennessee
A local police department is noticing that there is an increase in the number of
serious felonies that arebeing committed. The department forms a task force to
assess the extent of the problem. Officers from thedetective bureau, the vice squad,
and the crime analysis division meet to discuss the problem and begininvestigating
these crimes.
One of the officers on the task force expresses his frustration with the criminals who are
committing these crimes.He believes that the police department needs to work
aggressively to apprehend these offenders, and that societymust be protected from them
through harsh punishment. What perspective is this officer promoting?
a. Crime control
b. Due process
c. Nonintervention
d. Rehabilitation
The first faith-based prison was established in which state in 2003?
a. Tennessee
b. Vermont
c. Florida
d. Kentucky
CASE 5.2
Chief Jones has been a police officer since 1960. He was hired by the New York
City Police Department in 1960 when he was 20 years old. He is now 72 years old
and will be retiring as the police chief of a police department in a city located 60
miles outside of New York City. He has seen many changes in policing over the
past fifty years.
Many young police officers in Chief Jones’ agency often question their Chief as to why
henever went into federal law enforcement. Chief Jones tells his officers that he was
recruited tohelp restructure Immigration and Customs Enforcement following the
September 11, 2001,attacks. Immigration and Customs Enforcement is part of which
department?
a. Department of Defense
b. Department of Homeland Security
c. Department of Justice
d. Department of Veteran Affair
Which term describes the experience of black officers who must deal with the
expectation that they will show lenience to members of their own race, while at the
same time experiencing overt racism from their police colleagues?
a. The black curtain
b. Double marginality
c. Ethnic role strain
d. Toxic race relations
Which is a process of dispute resolution in which a neutral third party renders a
decision after a hearing at which both parties agree to be heard?
a. Arbitration
b. Dispute resolution
c. Merit selection
d. Circle sentencing
CASE 11.2
In 2013, a 17-year-old white man named Jason is arrested for vandalism in an
affluent neighborhood just east of Bloomington, Indiana. The victims include a
55-year-old man, his wife, and their children, ages 17 and 15. Jason slashed the
tires on their car, spray-painted their house, and removed foliage from their
garden. Given this information, answer the following questions.
At the sentencing hearing, the judge recommends that the defendant be given the
opportunity to apologize to the victims and the community and in return will have his
jail sentence revoked if he returns the property to its prevandalized state and reimburses
his victims for all nonrepairable property. This is an example of:
a. Rehabilitation.
b. Youth assistant programs.
c. Retribution.
d. Restoration.
The _______________ was created in 1929 by President Herbert Hoover to study the
U.S.criminal justice system and make recommendations for improvement.
a. Criminal Justice Institute
b. National Institute of Justice
c. Law Enforcement Assistance Administration
d. Wickersham Commission
CASE 13.1
A man is arrested for a violent crime. The date is November 11, 1822. Given this
information, answer the following questions.
If the man were housed in a penitentiary in which silence and harsh punishments were
the norm, he would most likely be housed in:
a. Pennsylvania system.
b. Auburn system.
c. Either the Pennsylvania system or the Auburn system.
d. Neither the Pennsylvania nor the Auburn systems, as they did not condone harsh
treatments.
_____________ is the belief that most people’s actions are motivated solely by personal
needs and selfishness.
Discuss the steps in the formal criminal justice system.
Answer:Answers will vary.
The view that younger African American males are subject to greater police control
when theirnumbers increase within the population is known as ____________________
theory.
Beginning around 1820 in both England and the United States,
______________________ became state or federal correctional institutions for the
incarceration of felony offenders for terms of one year or more.
___________ is the legal term for theft.
Court delays often hinder the ________________ Amendment’s protection of a right to
a speedy trial.
According to Laub and Samson, “turning points” allow people to build
____________________the positive relations with individuals and institutions that
contribute to success.
The requirement that when a person is interrogated during custody, police informthe
individual of the right to remain silent, the consequences of failing to remain silent, and
theconstitutional right to counsel is referred to as the ________________.
What elements must be proven in order for an individual to be accused and convicted of
a crime?
Answer:Answers will vary.
Discuss the problems with “leaving prison” and “reentry” into society. In your
discussion, include why people fail on parole.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Are female police officers still struggling for acceptance?
Answer:Answers will vary
Explain the pros and cons of having higher-education requirements for police officers.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Research indicates that a suspect’s ____________________ has the strongest influence
on discretionary decisions made by individual officers.
The ____________________ is the principal means used to restrain potentially
overzealouspolice conduct.
Discuss privatized probation. What are the many activities private probation companies
will provide for a fee?
Answer:Answers will vary.
On the western frontier of the early United States, where formal law enforcement had
fewresources, the law was often enforced by ____________________, or groups of
citizensenforcing the law through their own means.
Explain the theoretical underpinnings of broken windows policing. How do
quality-of-lifeoffenses cause more serious crimes? How can the police respond to these
incidents?
Answer:Answers will vary.