Once released from prison, the majority of offenders do not recidivate.
a. True
b. False
Complex criminal conspiracies require cooperation of different criminal justice
agencies.
a. True
b. False
Which is an initial court appearance, at which the accused is read the charges, advised
of his or her rights, and asked to enter a plea?
a. Indictment
b. Arraignment
c. Complaint
d. Grand jury hearing
____________________ was the chief of police in Berkeley, California, who helped
found theSchool of Criminology at the University of California.
During the Middle Ages, the primary goal of the criminal justice system and
punishment was the maintenance of order.
a. True
b. False
If a police officer cooperates with a criminal for his/her own personal gain, he/she is
acting like a grass eater.
a. True
b. False
CASE 6.2
A few concerned citizens made an appointment to meet with the chief of police in
Anytown, USA. They are concerned with the productivity of the police department
in their city. They are also concerned with the lack of coordination between the
residents of the city and the police department.
Mr. Smith also expresses concern that the division that is supposed to investigate
allegations ofpolice misconduct does not take his complaints seriously. He recently filed
a complaint thatone officer used aggressive techniques when dealing with his son on a
traffic stop. Which unit
is responsible for investigating these allegations?
a. Department affairs
b. Internal affairs
c. Investigative affairs
d. Community affairs
CASE 13.3
Robert Dawkins is arrested for drug possession and sentenced to fourteen months
in prison. This is Robert’s first offense and many in the system argue that the
sentence is harsh. Given this information, answer the following questions.
The most widely used model of treatment within society is the _________________,
which houses inmates before their outright discharge from the system to allow each to
adjust to society.
a. Samaritan house
b. Halfway house
c. Reformatory dormitory
d. Correctional placement house
Situational crime prevention falls under _____ theory.
a. Psychological
b. Choice
c. Sociobiological
d. Developmental
Most boys are socialized to avoid being violent and aggressive.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following reasons is not an issue normally considered when deciding
whether or not to grant bail?
a. seriousness of the crime
b. potential flight risk of the accused
c. age of the accused
d. victim impact statements
Some states now permit the taking of DNA from arrestees.
a. True
b. False
CASE 13.2
Three brothers are arrested over a seven-year period for three different crimes.
The oldest brother, James, was arrested for second-degree murder and was
sentenced to twenty years in prison. John, the second brother, was arrested for
drug possession and was sentenced to thirteen months in prison. Jason, the
youngest, was arrested for grand larceny and is currently serving four to seven
years in prison. Given this information, answer the following questions.
John would most likely serve his time in a:
a. Minimum-security prison.
b. Medium-security prison.
c. Maximum-security prison.
d. Super-maximum-security prison.
CASE 3.2
Warden Smith supervises 2000 male inmates who are incarcerated for various
reasons, including murder, rape, robbery, drugs, theft, and arson. He meets with
every inmate who is sentenced to his prison to get an understanding of where each
inmate came from and how he can possible help each inmate to not return to his
institution once released.
Warden Smith also reviews the background and criminal history of all offenders who
enter his prison.He notices a common thememany of his inmates began offending at a
very early age and they continued to offend well into adulthood.These inmates are
considered to be:
a. Adolescent-limited offenders.
b. Active persisters.
c. Passive persisters.
d. Life-course persisters.
Because some individuals are so dangerous that they must be outlawed outright or
regulated, the contemporarycriminal justice society uses the instrument known as:
a. Social Control.
b. Social Report.
c. Social Adjustment.
d. Social Media.
During the past decade, the crime control and equal justice perspectives have dominated
in criminal justice.
a. True
b. False
CASE 14.2
Three inmates, all African Americans, have felt segregated from the rest of the
prison and have felt that their privileges for recreation, meals, and religious
practices have been ignored. Given this information, answer the following
questions.
After exhausting all of their internal complaints to prison officials, the three men sued
for violation of their rights using which well-known federal device?
a. Carter-Justice Act, 78 U.S.C. 1977
b. Federal Lautenberg Act
c. Civil Rights Act, 42 U.S.C. 1963
d. Ashurst”Sumners Act
CASE 8.2
Jackson Joseph, age 18, and his cousin Noah, age 20, are standing near a
convenient store in downtown Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Officer Brooklyn, a
twenty-two-year veteran notices the pair loitering around the store and avoiding
eye contact with anybody entering and exiting the store. After witnessing these
actions for nearly forty-five minutes, Officer Brooklyn moves in to questions the
suspects. Answer the following questions based on the scenario above.
If the convenience store employees are later called to the station to identify thesuspects
based upon speculation of their involvement in the robbery of the store months ago,
thesuspects have the right to:
a. Decline being part of the lineup.
b. Have counsel present.
c. Have a parent or guardian present.
d. Nothing; their rights are surrendered.
By 1927, only three U.S. states did not have some kind of parole option.
a. True
b. False
Which branch of government is responsible for the day-to-day operation of justice
agencies?
a. Correctional
b. Legislative
c. Judicial
d. Judicial
Explain how the NIBRS improves problems in UCR data.
Answer:Answers will vary.
A postconviction address by the victim of the crime or the victim’s family that may be
used to guide sentencing of the offender is called a:
a. Victim address.
b. Cold case statement.
c. Victim impact statement.
d. Family circle statement.
Which of the following is a type of regimented, dehumanizing institution, in which
like-situated people are kept in social isolation, cut off from the world at large?
a. Total institution
b. Complete prison
c. Extensive incapacitation
d. Inclusive institute
Out of five thousand cases submitted to the Supreme Court annually, only about half are
actually heard.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is true regarding police use of force?
a. Minority groups’ members are more likely to disapprove of the police use of force
than majority group members.
b. African Americans and Hispanics were more likely than white to experience police
threat or use of force as a consequence of police contact.
c. The suspect’s behavior is a much more powerful determinant of police response, than
age or race.
d. All of the statements are true regarding police use of force.
Individuals who are either denied bond or cannot afford to post bond are referred to as:
a. Recognizance offenders.
b. Pretrial detainees.
c. Captive convict.
d. Insolvent prisoner.
According to which theory does rioting and other forms of collective violence occur in
response to crowded conditions?
a. Administrative-control theory
b. Inmate-balance theory
c. Prison overcrowding theory
d. Inmate deterrence perspective
What is the term for the group called for jury duty from which jury panels are selected?
a. Voir dire
b. Venire
c. Vino de voir
d. Dretke rule
The crime control perspective believes that too many suspects go free because of legal
technicalities.
a. True
b. False
As early as 1715, the idea of parole had spread to the Virginia Colonies and was the
most widely used correctional sentence.
a. True
b. False
A Florida-based police department is interested in cutting costs. One tactic they
areconsidering implementing is absorbing some units with fewer than ten personnel into
larger units.This process is known as what?
a. Consolidation
b. Sharing
c. Pooling
d. Informal arrangement
The general theory of crime suggests that differences between individuals in the
tendency to commit criminal acts stems from:
a. The level of relative deprivation in their immediate environment
b. Their level of self-control
c. The perceived value of social injustice in the community
d. Their tolerance for social strain
The two common forms of alternative dispute resolution programs are arbitration and
mediation.
a. True
b. False
Discussions between defense counsel and prosecution in which the accused agrees to
plead guilty in exchange for certain considerations, such as reduced changes, is referred
to as:
a. Plea bargaining.
b. Imploration requesting.
c. Declaration of entreaty.
d. Intermediate sanctioning.